Women's Health/Endocrinology of Lactation

Hyperprolactinaemia, or excess serum prolactin, is associated with hypoestrogenism, anovulatory infertility, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, unexpected lactation, and loss of libido in women, and erectile dysfunction and loss of libido in men.

1. Physiological
 * Coitus
 * Exercise
 * Lactation
 * Pregnancy
 * Sleep
 * Stress


 * Anesthetics
 * Anticonvulsant
 * Antihistamines (H2)
 * Antihypertensives
 * Cholinergic agonist
 * Drug-induced hypersecretion
 * Catecholamine depletor
 * Dopamine receptor blockers
 * Dopamine synthesis inhibitor
 * Estrogens
 * Oral contraceptives
 * Oral contraceptive withdrawal
 * Neuroleptics
 * Antipsychotics
 * Neuropeptides
 * Opiates and opiate antagonists

3. Pathological
 * Hypothalamic-pituitary stalk damage
 * Granulomas
 * Infiltrations
 * Irradiation
 * Rathke's cyst
 * Trauma
 * Pituitary stalk resection
 * Suprasellar surgery
 * Tumors
 * Craniopharyngioma
 * Germinoma
 * Hypothalamic metastases
 * Meningioma
 * Suprasellar pituitary mass extension
 * Surgery


 * Pituitary
 * Acromegaly
 * Idiopathic
 * Lymphocytic hypophysitis or parasellar mass
 * Macroadenoma (compressive)
 * Macroprolactinemia
 * Plurihumoral adenoma
 * Prolactinoma
 * Systemic disorders
 * Chest-neurologic chest wall trauma
 * Herpes Zoster
 * Chronic renal failure
 * Cirrhosis
 * Cranial radiation
 * Epileptic seizures
 * Polycystic ovarian disease
 * Pseudocyesis
 * Chronic low levels of thyroid hormone