Wildlife Gardening/Location/West Virginia/Lepidoptera

Achalarus lyciades (hoary edge)

 * Desmodium- preferred
 * Baptisia tinctoria- possible
 * Lespedeza- possible

Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Apocynum Asclepias syriaca All pref^

Lonicera japonica

Amblyscirtes hegon (pepper and salt skipper)
Glyceria striata Poa pratensis Sorghastrum nutans Uniola latifolia

Nectar et al:

Viburnum Rubus Erigeron soil dung

Amblyscirtes vialis (common roadside-skipper)
Poa Uniola latifolia Agrostis Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

low flowers

Viola pedata Phlox Potentilla Verbena hastata Prunella vulgaris Draba Blephilia

Anatrytone logan (Delaware skipper)
Andropogon Panicum virgatum Possibly other grasses

Nectar et al:

prefs white or pink flowrs Asclepias Cephalanthus occidentalis Mentha Cirsium

Ancyloxypha numitor (least skipper)
Leersia oryzoides Poa

Nectar et al:

low plants w small flowers Oxalis Cichorium Trifolium Apocynum Cephalanthus

Atalopedes campestris (sachem)
Digitaria- pref Eleusine indica- pref

Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium Mentha Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes-pref

Atrytonopsis hianna (dusted skipper)
Andropogon scoparius-pref Andropogon gerardii

Nectar et al:

Trif red and white Fragaria Rubus Phlox

Autochton cellus (golden-banded skipper)

 * Amphicarpa bactreata

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Rubus Hydrangea arborescens

Epargyreus clarus (silver-spotted skipper)

 * Robinia pseudoacacia- young shoots, preferred host
 * Gleditsia triacanthos
 * Desmodium
 * Apios americana
 * Lespedeza
 * Pueraria lobata

Nectar et al:

prefs pink red or purp flowers and white to lessr degre prefs: Vernonia Eupatorium Trifolium Apocynum

E baptisiae
Baptisia tinctoria preferred Coronilla varia B australis Lupinus

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Rubus Trif red white

Erynnis brizo (sleepy duskywing)
Quercus ilicifolia- preferred other Q species less preferred Castanea dentata

Nectar et al:

soil Vaccinium Rhododendron Cercis canadensis Rubus Taraxacum

Erynnis horatius (Horace's duskywing)
Quecus rubra- preferred Q ilicifolia- preferred Q stellata- preferred other white oaks

Nectar et al:

prefs white yellow flowers Apocynum Mentha Cephalanthus occidentalis Solidago

Erynnis icelus (dreamy duskywing)
Salix Populus possibly Robinia

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Fragaria Claytonia Vicia Viola pedata Rubus Brassica Apocynum Daucus carota Rudbeckia hirta

Erynnis juvenalis (Juvenal's duskywing)
Quercus alba preferred other Q species both white and red

Nectar et al:

Vicia Viola pedata Potentilla Claytonia Prunus Cercis canadensis Elaeagnus umbellata Crataegus Rubus Vaccinium ^pref

Erynnis lucilius (columbine duskywing)
Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia vulgaris

Nectar et al:

prefs pink white yellow flowers

Phlox Viola Arenaria Draba Blephilia Hieracium

Erynnis martialis (mottled duskywing)
Ceanothus americanus other C species

Nectar et al:

Houstonia Lithospermum Apocynum Ceanothus americanus soil and dung and carrion

Erynnis persius (persius duskywing)
Willow Aspen Lupinus Baptisia tinctoria

Nectar et al:

low early spring flowers

Euphyes bimacula (two-spotted skipper)
Carex spp Carex stricta

Nectar et al:

Asclepias incarnata Vernonia Spiraea Lyonia lygustrina

Euphyes conspicua (black dash)
Carex spp

Carex stricta- pref

Nectar et al:

large wetland flowering plants Asclepias incarnata Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium

Euphyes vestris (dun skipper)
Carex Carex stricta Cyperus spp

Nectar et al:

pref white pink or purple flowers all pref: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Mentha Echium vulgare

Hesperia leonardus (Leonard's skipper)
Panicum- preferred Danthonia spicata- pref Agrostis- pref

Andropogon Poa

Nectar et al:

Liatris pref purple or pink flowers Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Aster-pref Cirsium-pref Dipsacus-pref

Hesperia metea (cobweb skipper)
Andropogon scoparius- pref Andropogon gerardii

other A species

Nectar et al:

Viola pedata Claytonia Fragaria Trifolium

Hesperia sassacus (Indian skipper)
Panicum- preferred Andropogon scoparius- pref Festuca rubra- pref Poa Danthonia spicata

Nectar et al:

Lamium Hieracium orange and yellow Lithospermum Phlox Echium vulgare Rubus

Hylephila phyleus (fiery skipper)
Digitaria-preferred Agrostis- preferred

Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Eupatorium Centaurea Aster Tagetes

Lerema accius (clouded skipper)
Erianthus alopecuroides Echinochloa- possible

Nectar et al:

Cephalanthus occidentalis Prunella vulgaris Verbena Trifolium Tagetes Buddleja Liatris

Nastra lherminier (swarthy skipper)
Andropogon scoparius Poa other grasses

Nectar et al:

low growing flowers pref fav colors white pink or blue Mentha Vicia Trif red white Desmodium Ceanothus americanus

Panoquina ocola (ocola skipper)
Saccharum spp- pref Poaceae Leersia oryzoides

Nectar et al:

Cephalanthus occidentalis-pref Asclepias-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref

Pholisora catullus (common sootywing)
Chenopodium album- preferred Amaranthus- occasion Celosia- occasion

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Apocynum Oxalis Mentha Asclepias Cucurbita

Poanes hobomok (Hobomok skipper)
Panicum preferred Panicum microcarpon- pref Panicum clandestinum- normal Poa Andropogon scoparium Danthonia spicata Leersia oryzoides

Nectar et al:

Rubus Ligustrum Asclepias Echium vulgare Lamium

P zabulon
Triodia flava- pref Eragrostis- pref Panicum microcarpon Leersia virginica Poa

Nectar et al:

Lonicera japonica Ligustrum Rubus Cephalanthus occidentalis Vicia Vernonia Viola Asclepias Trifolium Eupatorium

Polites mystic (long dash skipper)
Poa

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Desmodium Kalmia latifolia Hieracium Apocynum Trifolium pratense

Polites origenes (crossline skipper)
Glyceria medicaria Poa Andropogon scoparius Triodia flava Carex scabrata other c species

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Vicia Trifolium Ironweed Asclepias Echium vulgare

Polites peckius (Peck's skipper)
Leersia oryzoides Poa rice cutgrass

Nectar et al:

red clover- pref Apocynum Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Vernonia Vicia Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Echium vulgare Verbena hastata

Polites themistocles (tawny-edged skipper)
Panicum- preferred esp small species Panicum microcarpon chck size Poa Glyceria Carex scabrata other c species

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Trifolium Cirsium Asclepias Echium vulgare Cichorium intybus

Polites vibex (whirlabout)
Paspalum setaceum- pref Paspalum spp possible Panic grasses poss

Nectar et al:

Erigeron Apocynum Echium vulgare

Pompeius verna (little glassywing)
Triodia flava- pref

Nectar et al:

white pink purple flowers preffed Asclepias Apocynum Mentha Vernonia Echium vulgare ^ all pref

Pyrgus centaureae (grizzled skipper)
Potentilla canadensis- preferred Fragaria- preferred other Cinquefoils

Nectar et al:

low flowers Potentilla canadensis Fragaria spp Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox subulata

Pyrgus communis (common checkered-skipper)
Malva Abutilon theophrasti Althaea Sida

Nectar et al:

small white flowers

Erigeron-pref Aster-pref Trifolium Desmodium Centaurea

Staphylus hayhurstii (Hayhurst's Scallopwing)
Chenopodium album

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Apocynum Mentha Polygonum Tagetes

Thorybes bathyllus (southern cloudywing)
Desmodium Lespedeza Strophostyles helvola Phaseolus polystachios Apios americana Clitoria mariana Amphicarpa bactreata Astragalus canadensis

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias syriaca Trifolium pratense Coronilla varia Echium vulgare Eupatorium Vernonia

Thorybes confusis (confused cloudywing)
Possibly Lespedeza and Desmodium

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Trifolium pratense Asclepias Vicia Lonicera Cirsium

Thorybes pylades (northern cloudywing)
Desmodium- preferred Lespedeza- preferred Trifolium Medicago Vicia

Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense Apocynum Asclepias Vicia Lonicera japonica Cirsium

Thymelicus lineola (European skipper)
Dactylis glomerata Holcus lanatus Phleum pratense other grasses

Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense-pref Erigeron Chrys leuc Hieracium Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Trifolium repens

Urbanus proteus (long-tailed skipper)

 * Desmodium
 * Amphicarpa bactreata
 * Phaseolus
 * Clitoria mariana
 * Wisteria

Nectar et al:

composites

Wallengrenia egeremet (northern broken dash)
Panicum pref Panicum clandestinum- preferred Panicum virgatum- preferred

Nectar et al:

prefs purple pink white flowers

Trifolium red white Centaurea Ceanothus americanus

Atlides halesus (great purple hairstreak)
Phoradendron flavescens male flowers and leaves

Nectar et al:

Solidago Clethra acuminata Aralia spinosa

Callophrys augustinus (brown elfin)
Heaths Vaccinium spp Gaulussacia brachyceral

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Elaeagnus umbellata Gaylussacia Phlox Barbarea vulgaris

Callophrys irus (frosted elfin)
Lupinus perennis-pref Baptisia tinctoria-pref esp in WV

Nectar et al:

Lupinus Rubus

Callophrys gryneus (juniper hairstreak)
Juniperus virginiana

Nectar et al

spring

Claytonia Phlox Viola pedata Lepidium campestre Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis

summer Asclepias Apocynum Melilotus alba

Callophrys henrici (Henry's elfin)
variable by location

Cercis canadensis-pref in WV Ilex opaca Vaccinium spp Gaylussacia spp

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Erigeron puddle

Callophrys niphon (eastern pine elfin)
Pinus virginiana-pref esp young trees P rigida P echinata P sylvestris

Nectar et al:

Phlox Taraxacum Potentilla canadensis Comandra umbellata Vaccinium Rubus Cercis canadensis

Callophrys polios (hoary elfin)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi-pref Epigaea repens

Nectar et al:

Vaccinium Salix

Calycopis cecrops (red-banded hairstreak)
Rhus typhina R copallina leaf detritus-pref Lactuca sativa var crispa- pref

Nectar et al

Rhus Apocynum Prunus serotina Rubus Asclepias Ellaeagnus umbellata Ceanothus americanus Achillea

Celastrina ladon (spring azure)
Type I and lucia auctorum

cornus florida flowers black cherry fruit

Violacea type II black cherry leaf galls from eriophyid mites

Neglecta uses flower buds of ceanothus americana cimicifuga racemosa Rhus glabra Spiraea spp Actinomeris alternifolia

Females will lay eggs on the buds of the following, but the caterpillars won't survive

Hydrangea arborescens Sambucus spp Viburnum spp

Nectar et al:

Malus Prunus Prunus serotina Amelanchier Cercis canadensis Viburnum Lindera benzoin Rubus

Late spring and summer: Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Ligustrum Asclepias Melilotus officinalis M alba

Males puddle and scavenge carrion

Celastrina neglectamajor (Appalachian azure)
Cimicfuga racemosa

Nectar et al:

Rubus pref Viburnum

Males puddle

Celastrina nigra (dusky azure)
Aruncus dioicus

Nectar et al:

females drink more nectar males drink from soil Cercis canadensis Geranium Dentaria Claytonia

Cupido comyntas (eastern tailed blue)
Fabaceae Lespedeza spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref T arvense medicago sativa Vicia spp Desmodium spp Melilotus officinalis

Nectar et al:

plants w short corollas Potentilla Barbarea vulgaris Melilotus alba Trifolium red a white Apocynum Mentha Aster

Erora laeta (early hairstreak)
fagus grandifolia fruits corylus spp fruits Betula spp catkins Salix spp

Nectar et al:

Claytonia Erigeron Achillea Chrys leuc Daucus carota Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Asclepias tuberosa

females drink at puddles

Feniseca tarquinius (harvester)
Aphids: Prociphilus Melirhizophagus Neoprociphilus Schizoneura Pemphigus

Aphid host plants: Alnus spp Hamamelis virginiana Fagus spp Fraxinus spp Crataegus spp Acer saccharinum Smilax spp

Nectar et al:

aphid honeydew moist soil animal dung

Glaucopsyche lygdamus (silvery blue)
Vicia caroliniana-pref Lathyrus venosus other vetches

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vicia caroliniana Claytonia Potentilla composites

Lycaena epixanthe (bog copper)
Vaccinium oxycoccos V macrocarpon

Nectar et al:

cranberry flowers

Lycaena hyllus (bronze copper)
Rumex verticillatus-pref R cripus-pref Polygonum spp

Nectar et al

males don't drink as much nectar as females

Trifolium Rubus Chrys leuc Eupatorium Apocynum Polygonum Aster

Lycaena phlaeas (American copper)
Rumex acetosella- pref R crispus- non

Nectar et al:

Ranunculus Potentilla canadensis Chrys leuc Trifolium Achillea Asclepias Aster

Parrhasius m-album (white M hairstreak)
Quercus alba-pref Tilia spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Eupatorium Cornus Viburnum Rhus Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus serotina Solidago Apocynum Rubus

Satyrium calanus (banded hairstreak)
Quercus alba Q prinus Juglans nigra J cinerea Carya spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Achillea Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Sambucus canadensis

Satyrium caryaevorum (hickory hairstreak)
Carya cordiformis C glabra C ovata

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Cirsium Daucus carota Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Ceanothus americanus

Satyrium edwardsii (Edwards' hairstreak)
Quercus ilicifolia- pref Q marilandica Q velutina

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Rhus typhina Solidago Melilotus alba

Satyrium favonius (southern hairstreak)
Quercus alba Q stellata Q velutina Q rubra Q ilicifolia-poss

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Vaccinium

Satyrium liparops (striped hairstreak)
Ericaceae Rosaceae Vaccinium spp Rhododendron calendulaceum Prunus serotina Crataegus spp Amelanchier spp Rubus spp Pyrus spp Malus spp Carpinus caroliniana

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Rhus typhina Ceanothus americanus Viburnum Solidago

Satyrium titus (coral hairstreak)
Prunus serotina-pref P virginiana Rosaceae- poss

Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref A tuberosa- pref Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Melilotus alba Achillea

Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak)
Fabaceae Malvaceae Lespedeza spp Desmodium spp Vicia spp Trifolium spp Malva spp Phaseolus spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis Cirsium Solidago Mentha Melilotus alba Trifolium

Aglais milberti (Milbert's tortoiseshell)
Urtica dioica U gracilis

Nectar et al:

Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Aster

also

ferm fruit damp soil probably sap

Asterocampa celtis (hackberry emperor)
Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis

Nectar et al:

sap rotting fruit dung carrion moist soil

ans Sweat salt

Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperor)
Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis

Nectar et al:

soil dung rotting fruit tree sap

rarely milkweed

Boloria bellona (meadow fritillary)
Viola soraria V papilionacea

Nectar et al:

esp composites Achillea millefolium Daucus carota Chrys leuc Taraxacum offinale Apocynum Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Cirsium Vernonia Solidago Aster

Boloria selene (silver-bordered fritillary)
Viola cucullata V pallens V striata V primulifolia V papilionacea

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias Vernonia Achillea millefolium Chrys leuc Trif pratense Mentha Solidago

Cercyonis pegala (common wood-nymph)
c p pegala

Danthonia spicata Triodia flava Andropogon spp Poa spp

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit dung

Asclepias Chrysanthemum leuc Rudbeckia hirta Daucus carota Trifolium Dipsacus Vernonia Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa

SUBSPECIES

c pegala nephele

host is "grasses"

Nectar et al:

sap ferm fruit moist soil

reg Chrys leuc Asclepias

Chlosyne gorgone (gorgone checkerspot)
Helianthus Ambrosia Lysimachia

Nectar et al:

yellow composites preferred Solidago Coreopsis

reg Melilotus alba Asclepias Erigeron

Chlosyne harrisii (Harris' checkerspot)
Aster umbellatus

Nectar et al:

Erigeron Hieracium Chrys leuc Taraxacum officinale

Chlosyne nycteis (silvery checkerspot)
Verbesina alternifolia- pref Helianthus spp H tuberosus H. strumosus Aster puniceus

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias Erigeron Barbarea vulgaris Trifolium Taraxacum officinale Cirsium arvense Pastinaca sativa

Cyllopsis gemma (gemmed satyr)
Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

damp soil dung fungi tree sap fermenting fruit

Enodia anthedon (northern pearly-eye)
Leersia virginica Panicum spp Hystrix patula Uniola latifolia Erianthus alopecuroides Brachyelytrum erectum

Nectar et al:

prefs willow sap ferm fruit dung carrion fungi damp soil

Euphydryas phaeton (Baltimore checkerspot)
Chelone glabra- pref Plantago lanceolata Viburnum recognitum Pedicularis canadensis Lonicera japonica Aureolaria flava other A spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Chrys leuc Trifolium Rudbeckia hirta Viburnum

puddle

also dung

Euptoieta claudia (variegated fritillary)
Viola- pref cultivated pansies-pref Podophyllum peltatum Sedum spp. Portulaca spp Menispermum spp Desmodium spp

Nectar et al:

prefs:

Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Vernonia Eupatorium Aster red white clover

reg:

Mentha Echium vulgare

Hermeuptychia sosybius (Carolina satyr)
Poa spp Poa pratensis Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

sap ferm frut dung

puddle

Junonia coenia (common buckeye)
Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Acanthaceae Plantago lanceolata- pref P rugelii- pref Linaria vulgaris-pref Aureolaria spp Agalinis spp Ruellia spp

Nectar et al:

Daucus carota Helianthus Aster Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium

Libytheana carinenta (American snout)
Celtis occidentalis C tenuifolia

Nectar et al:

like 2 puddle

reg

Apocynum Solidago Aster Daucus carota Rubus Asclepias Eupatorium

Limenitis archippus (viceroy)
Salix spp- pref Populus tremuloides- pref P alba- nonpref P deltoides- non P nigra- non

Nectar et al:

prefs dung carrion fermenting fruit moist sand soil

reg Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Dipsacus Aster

Limenitis arthemis (red-spotted purple)
Prunus serotina P virginiana Amelanchier spp Populus grandidentata P tremuloides P alba P deltoides Pyrus malus Quercus velutina Quercus ilicifolia Salix spp

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit damp soil dung carrion

nonpref

Prunus serotina Viburnum Cornus

Megisto cymela (little wood satyr)
Poa spp Dactylis glomerata

Nectar et al:

prefs sap fermenting fruit fungi aphid honey dew dung wet soil

non pref:

Asclepias Chrys leuc Melilotus alba Rubus spp Viburnum spp Rhus typhina

Nymphalis antiopa (mourning cloak)
Salix nigra- pref S babylonica- pref Ulmus americanus Populus tremuloides P grandidentata Celtis spp

Late instar Quercus ilicifolia

Nectar et al:

tree sap

rotting fruit

rarely: Asclepias Apocybum Ceanothus

Nymphalis vaualbum (Compton tortoiseshell)
Populus spp Salix spp Betula spp

Nectar et al:

prefs rotting fruit sap moist soil

Phyciodes batesii (tawny crescent)
Aster undulatus A simplex

Nectar et al:

variety of june bloomers

Phyciodes cocyta (northern crescent)
slash selenis

Compositae Aster simplex

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Erigeron Trifolium repens Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescent)
Many Compositae Aster simplex A pilosus A laevis A novae-angliae

Nectar et al:

almost any flower, esp if flat

prefs Taraxacum officinale Hieracium Chrysanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Asclepias Apocybum Aster Achillea millefolium Solidago

Polygonia comma (eastern comma)
Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica Laportea canadensis Ulmus spp Humulus spp Celtis- nonpref

Nectar et al:

moist soil tree sap rotting fruit dung carrion

rare Eupatorium Rubus

Polygonia faunus (green comma)
Salix Betula Alnus Ribes- poss

Nectar et al:

damp soil tree sap rotten fruit dung carrion flower nectar

Polygonia interrogationis (question mark)
Ulmus spp- pref Celtis spp- pref Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica

Nectar et al:

prefs rotting fruit tree sap dung carrion damp soil

reg Asclepias Aster Cornus Trifolium pratense

Polygonia progne (gray comma)
Ribes rotundifolia- pref Ulmus- non Rhododendron nudiflorum

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit dung

Arctium minus Dipsacus

Satyrodes appalachia (Appalachian brown)
Carex lacustris C stricta- pref Glyceria striata

Nectar et al:

prefs Sap Ferm fruit rotting fungi dung

Satyrodes eurydice (eyed brown)
Carex lacustris C lupulina C stricta C bromoides C trichocarpa

Nectar et al:

prefs Sap ferm fruit fungi

reg: Asclepias incarnata Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa

Speyeria aphrodite (Aphrodite fritillary)
Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata

Nectar et al:

prefs: Asclepias Arctium Eupatorium Vernonia Apocynum Cirsium Echium vulgare Chrysanthemum Pycnanthemum flexuosum

Speyeria atlantis (Atlantis fritillary)
Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V blanda V pennsylvanica V canadensis V striata

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Spiraea Arctium Chrys leuc Achillea millefolium Erigeron Trifolium pratense Mentha Prunella vulgaris Monarda clinopodia

Speyeria cybele (great spangled fritillary)
Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata

Nectar et al:

prefs Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Pycnanthemum flexuosum

regular: Trifolium Echium vulgare

Speyeria diana (diana fritillary)
Viola

Nectar et al:

Asclepias syriaca-pref A tuberosa-peef A incarnata-pref Cirsium- pref Monarda fistulosa Eupatorium Vernonia

Speyeria idalia (regal fritillary)
Viola

Nectar et al:

Jul Asc syriaca A incarnata A tuberosa

Aug-sep Vernonia Eupatorium Cirsium Aster

Eupatorium perfoliatum-nonpref

Trifolium

Vanessa atalanta (red admiral)
Urtica dioica- pref U gracilis-pref Boehmeria cylindrica Parietaria pensylvanica Laportea canadensis

Nectar et al:

sap-pref ferm fruit-pref dung-pref carrion-pref

cirsium Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium pratense Chrys leuc Daucus carota Syringa

Vanessa cardui (painted lady)
Cirsium spp- pref Asteraceae Malvaceae Althaea spp- pref Malva neglecta Boraginaceae Fabaceae cultivated Artemisia

Nectar et al:

esp fond of composites Cirsium vernonia Eupatorium Asclepias Trifolium pratense Aster Zinnia Tagetes

Vanessa virginiensis (American painted lady)
Antennaria spp A neglecta A viginica A plantaginifolia Anaphalis margaritacea Gnaphalium spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum red clover white clover Cirsium Taraxacum officinale Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Solidago Aster

Battus philenor (pipevine swallowtail)
Aristolochia macrophylla- pref A serpentaria

Nectar et al:

Pink and purple flowers pref Phlox Asclepias Eupatorium Vernonia Cirsium Lilium superbum

Papilio canadensis (Canadian tiger swallowtail)
Liriodendron tulipifera- activeley toxic

Populus tremuloides P. grandidentata Betula spp. Prunus serotina

Nectar et al:

males puddle same as eastern tiger Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref

Papilio cresphontes (giant swallowtail)
Zanthoxylum americanum Z clava-herculis Ptelea trifoleata Citrus spp

Nectar et al: Asclepias, especially small woodland species Solidago Saponaria officinalis Lonicera japonica

Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail)
Liriodendron tulipifera- pref Prunus serotina- pref Fraxinus-poss Lindera benzoin-poss Syringa vulgaris-poss Ptelea trifoliata-poss

Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref

Papilio polyxenes (black swallowtail)
Umbelliferae Daucus carota D c var. sativa Anethum graveolens Petroselinum crispum Ruta graveolens

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Asclepias Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium

Papilio troilus (spicebush swallowtail)
Sassafras albidum-pref Lindera benzoin-pref Liriodendron tulipifera- poss Zanthoxylum americanum- poss

Nectar et al: can use long tubed flowers Lonicera japonica-pref Impatiens-pref

Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Rhododendron Albizia julibrissin

Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtail)
Asamina triloba

Nectar et al:

males like to puddle Rubus Apocynum Cercis canadensis Asclepias Echium vulgare

Anthocharis midea (falcate orangetip)
Cardamine spp Arabis laevigata A serotina A glabra Alliaria officinalis Lepidium campestre Dentaria laciniata other mustard fam spp

Nectar et al:

Claytonia Viola pedata Cardamine hirsuta Lepidium Dentaria Arabis

Colias eurytheme (orange sulphur)
Medicago sativa- pref Trifolium repens T spp Melilotus alba-non Baptisia-non Coronilla varia-non Vicia spp.-non other leg-non

Nectar et al:

non-deep tubed

Taraxacum Aster

Trifolium-pref Mentha-pref Chrysanthemum-pref Dipsacus-pref Solidago-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref

Colias interior (pink-edged sulphur)
Vaccinium angustifolium-pref other blueberries

Nectar et al:

red and blue flowers pref Trifolium pratense Prunella vulgaris Satureja vulgaris

Yellow Taraxacum officinale Lotus corniculatus

White nonpref Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Aralia hispida

Colias philodice (clouded sulphur)
Trifolium repens -pref Trifolium pratense- pref other legumes poss

Nectar et al: Taraxacum Trifolium Solidago Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes Chrysanthemum

Euchloe olympia (Olympia marble)
Arabis laevigata- pref Arabis serotina- pref other rockcresses-pref

Cardamine hirsuta-non

Nectar et al:

Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox Houstonia Stellaria Arabis

Eurema lisa (little yellow)
Cassia fasciculata C nictitans larger leaved Sennas usually avoided

Nectar et al: Aster Solidago Trifolium Prunella Liatris

Eurema nicippe (sleepy orange)
Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica C nictitans

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Melilotus alba Echium vulgare Aster Vernonia

Phoebis sennae (cloudless sulphur)
Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica-poss C nictitans- poss

Nectar et al:

long tubed flowers Lonicera Lobelia cardinalis Hibiscus syriacus Cirsium Cassia

Pieris rapae (cabbage white)
many crucifers Barbarea vulgaris Brassica spp broccoli cauliflower cabbage Alliaria officinalis

Nectar et al:

Taraxacum-spring Lepidium-spring Brassica-spring

trifolium-later Mentha-later Aster-later

Asclepias-nonpref Eupatorium-nonpref other large composites-nonpref

Pieris virginiensis (West Virginia white)
Dentaria laciniata- pref D diphylla- pref Arabis spp- nonpref Alliaria officinalis-non-pref Arabis serotina Cardamine spp Cardamine hirsuta Arabis laevigata-pref

Nectar et al: Claytonia Dentaria Sedum Viola

Pontia protodice (checkered white)
Lepidium virginicum-pref L densiflorum-pref Capsella bursa-pastoris Barbarea vulgaris other mustards

Nectar et al: Sisymbrium-pref Barbarea vulgaris-pref other mustards Asclepias Trifolium

Calephelis borealis (northern metalmark)
Senecio obovatus- pref other ragworts

Nectar et al: Achillea Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Erigeron