Welsh/Mynediad/Lesson 2

Goals:
 * Ask where someone works.
 * Learn when to use chi and ti
 * Respond personally to the question 'Where do you work?' using mewn and yn y/yr
 * Learn about the definite article y/yr
 * Ask what someone likes.
 * Talk about your interests.
 * Learn how to respond 'Yes, I do' and 'No, I don't'.

Dialogue
--Mam T&#38;J (discuss • contribs) 11:41, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

The Definite Article
car
 * (a) car

y car
 * the car

afal
 * (an) apple

yr afal
 * the apple

Wyt ti'n hoffi sglodion?
 * Do you like chips?

Wyt ti'n hoffi'r sglodion?
 * Do you like the chips?

Dw i
In the dialogue, you'll see dw i which translates as 'I do' or 'I am'. We can use this to make present tense sentences for the first person. Just use dw i plus a linking particle yn to connect a verb. Yn has to shorten to 'n, so the form is dw i'n. There are other variations of this patter, such as rydw i and rwy also.

Dw i'n gweithio.
 * I work OR I am working OR I do work.

Note, how Dw i'n gweithio is equivalent to all three English sentences 'I work', 'I am working', or 'I do work'. Again:

Dw i'n siarad.
 * I speak OR I am speaking OR I do speak.

Some more verbs to practice with:

Dw i'n hoffi Cymraeg.
 * I like Welsh. I am liking Welsh. I do like Welsh.

Dw i'n gweithio.
 * I work. I'm working. I do work.

Dw i'n darllen.
 * I read. I'm reading. I do read.

Chi v. Ti
Dach chi'n gweithio?
 * Do you work? (formal)

Wyt ti'n gweithio?
 * Do you work? (informal)

Dach chi and wyt ti are the question forms for chi and ti. Like dw i, need the linking yn to connect verbs. Some more examples:

Dach chi'n hoffi sglodion?
 * Do you like chips?

Wyt ti'n siarad Cymraeg?
 * Do you speak Welsh?

Dach chi and Rwyt ti are the affirmative forms for chi and ti. That is, they make statements, rather than questions.

Dach chi'n siarad Cymraeg.
 * You do speak Welsh. (statement)

Rwyt ti'n actio.
 * You do act. You are acting.

Review

 * Use chi for formal situations, and ti for informal situations
 * A chi question is dach chi and a ti question is wyt ti
 * Using the linking yn to connect the 'to be' verb to another verb-noun. This shortens to 'n after a vowel. Verbs are called 'verb-nouns' in Welsh as they can serve as both a noun and a verb.
 * Dw i is the first person for the present tense. It also must be connected with 'n to use verb-nouns.
 * In Welsh, you do not answer with a general 'yes' or 'no'. Instead, you answer with 'I do', 'He does', etc. For the first person, ydw and nac ydw are the response words (I do and I don't).
 * The definite article (the) takes one of three forms: y/yr/'r. Y is used before consonants. Yr is generally used before vowels. 'r is used after vowels.