User talk:Valery Starikov/Psychology of crowd

'''Organization of the mass riots as one from methods of political conflict. Could the agitator to control the actions of the crowd fully?''' Gustav Le Bon became the author of theory about the psychology of the crowd. People in the crowd are a mediocre man, ready to heroic and barbaric behavior. He feels sense absolute power. He was willing to kill, smash, to run away or admire leader. Anonymity of the parties to the crowd allows to feel self irresponsible and unpunished. Humans in a crowd like men with be demolished consciousness and be exposed unconscious foundation, with exposed instincts, main of that is flock’s instinct. People in the crowd are a barbarian and savage, which has enthusiasm and heroism of primitive creatures. Aggressive crowd ready to destroy everything on your path, beat glasses and kill people. Examples of actions for an aggressive crowd are the routs of Jews in Russia in the early 20th century, vandalism soccer fans at the stadiums and electro trains, routs on Russian markets by skinheads which kill men of southern nations. Example of running away crowd is a panic at the front. Example of a worship for crowd to own leader is the behavior of fans to rock concert, parades and rallies operational flares in Nuremberg, when Hitler knew how to lead to the degree of worshipping of crowd to own person to ecstasy. Often participants of crowd can perish in result of crush, examples of that are crush on Hodynskoe field in Moscow during the coronation scar Nicholas 2 (people were killed 1389) or crush during the funeral of Stalin. Conclusion: the facilitator can control the crowds only partially.

Why do people participate in the actions of the crowd?
According to the theory of contamination G. Le Bon, people becomes a cruel crazy beast in crowd, with that infection or epidemic sounded like a virus of violence or fear, moving from one to another. According to G. Bloomer, fear spreads through the lowing, serious breath and etc. in herd of animals, resulting to panic escape. Social anxiety and fear show and through confusion and fuss, through the rumors and exaggeration, through appeal to act, through grown of aggressiveness behavior.

Bloomer selects multiple stages of unwinding of the aggressiveness for crowds:

• Pushion, when people indiscriminately flock of sheep near each other's like. In this state people prepare to work together.

• Collective excitement that makes human irresponsible. • Social epidemic, which is spreading very rapidly. An example of infections is tulip’s fever in Holland in 17th century, the dance mania in the middle ages, military hysteria in the 20th, a stock panic.

Two types of agitators:
• Be excited and aggressive man who calls for the fight, he uses dramatic gestures and theatrical movement, for example, he tears shirt on his chest and crying loudly. He enjoys success when the audience already be excited and driven out of ruts; otherwise his behavior could cause them to friendly laughter. • More gentle man who knows how make angry to crowd using caustic and sharp words.

Demagogy
Demagog is a man who knows how to influence the crowd. Methods of influencing to the crowd by side demagog:

• It need pronounce the words with reverence. The mind and disappears at people in crowd, therefore it need not to influence to people using rational evidence. But if their words are spoken with reverence that the heads bend over obediently. • According to Le Bon, mass is a client herd which cannot live without dominant man and mass was willing to obey anyone who names themselves dominant men for mass. In contrast, according to Freud, Chief must correspond to the needs of a crowd of his personal qualities. The Chief should be fanatic, captured deep faith in the idea to awaken this faith in the crowd. Chief must possess strong will which unwilling mass borrows at Chief. Crowd respects force, even violence by side of the Chief, but crowd finds the kindness to a sort of weakness. Therefore, the crowd will never listen to melancholic; the latter does not have a strong will. The crowd is changeable, impulsive and be excited. The instincts direct crowd. Crowd feels self most powerful, notion of impossible disappears at the individual in the crowd. Crowd comes to extremes immediately; expressed suspicion becomes an unwavering conviction immediately, grain of antipathy become to the wild hatred. • It needs to paint bright colors and to exaggerate. Examples of demagogs: Hitler, Lenin, Trotsky, Zhirinovsky, Luzhkov, Khrushchev. During speeches Hitler played the role of religious prophet, he used the two following reception:

• He liked to speak at dusk or at night. • He began its speech low words, but finished hysteric cry. Trotsky loved use beautiful ward, for that during the speeches notebook lies in his pocket with winged expressions cooked beforehand.