User talk:Valery Starikov/Deviant behavior

Deviant behavior
Deviant behavior is behavior which diverged from the norms that is systematic character, so it leads to isolation from society, treatment or punishment violator with aim to persuade or compel to abide by societal norms. Thus, to relation violators it need to apply such reinforced measures of social control as supervision and sanctions.

There are three main types of deviant behavior:

• an additive behavior,

• criminal behavior, • suicide behavior.

An additive behavior is a flight from reality with help the reception of different psychotropic remedy ‐ alcohol, drugs, toxins, tobacco. This process is accompanied the feeling of pleasure and comfort. The use of this surrogates harms to health always. The deviant man wants to escape life problems, but as a result he raises new challenges‐ health problems. Bad way to combat with alcoholism was the introduction of “dry law” (a ban on selling of alcohol). Prohibition of alcohol was introduced in the USA in 1920‐1932, in Russia and the USSR in 1914‐1925, in 1985‐1989. Introduction of “dry law” led to a flourishing of production of alcohol in each home, deficit  of sugar and yeast in Russia, smuggling alcohol from abroad in USA, the emergence of a clandestine trade of alcohol, thriving of criminal world, broad dissemination of drag mania and toxic mania, growth of poisoning different alcohol surrogates.

Causes of suicides by theory of E. Durkheim
The names of its main book are “A suicide”. Durkheim laughed over abstract reasoning about suicide and he undertook empirical sociological study of causes for suicide. Everyone knows that there are psychological and social causes of suicide. Durkheim tried to prove that suicide are pre‐defined only social causes, rather than psychological. In his view, public consciousness fly above people in society   and it called them to commit certain actions. For example, this public consciousness names certain men as human beings which are the useless to society because it is alone, it does not have families and children, it does not participate in religious life of community, it   does not play any functions in society, so the public conscience dictates this men to commit an act of suicide and thereby public conscience avenges to man for refusing to people. Thus, in Durkheim’s opinion, the main cause of suicide is loneliness. Several psychological causes of suicide were identified before Durkheim.

Durkheim has attempted to prove by using the results of sociological researches that there were no psychological reasons for suicide. • Other authors have cited such example, as neurasthenic has the inclination to  suicide whose inclination to suicide became obsession idea, others authors were doing a synthesis that all suicide men are a mentally ill, because only in a position to madness man can attempt to own lives. To refute their viewpoint, Durkheim cites data that there are a large number of mentally ill among the Jews, but the frequency of suicides is a very small among them. Another fact is that the number of women (55%) outnumbers slightly the number of men (45%) in the homes for madmen, while suicide among women constitutes only 20% from suicides among men (80%). Another fact is that the inclination to suicide increases from childhood to old while, while the maximum risk of mental illness is at the age of 30 years old and it reduced to a minimum in old. Suicide does not depend from number alcoholics which are in this society. Merit of Durkheim was that he used data sociological research that to prove rather than abstract reasoning. • Other authors claimed that inclination to suicide is transmitted by inheritance, and they used examples of families where and suicide repeated from generation to generation, for example French Ambassador in the USA Prevo‐Paradol had committed suicide in 1870, but his son committed suicide after thirty years too. They account percentage of suicide for each race. In their view, the highest inclination of suicide is at germen, lower inclination of suicide is at Roman people, even more low inclination of suicide is at Slavs. In their view, even one means served for committing an act of suicide in the same family for many years. To refute this viewpoint, Durkheim used data that, although men and women receive equal with the heredity, but they have different inclination to suicide, that, if suicide is inheritant disease, why it lacks in childhood in the age before 5 years?

• Other authors considered that suicide is owning to imitation, for example fifteen disabled men commit suicide each other at the same hook in dark corridor in 1772; once hook was withdrawn, epidemic of suicides subsided. To refute this viewpoint, Durkheim showed that there are not   waves of suicide on the geographic map, this waves must spread from one centre. In fact there are hearths with high level of suicides on this map, which coincide with the large cities. Durkheim identified three types of suicide:

• egoistic,

• altruistic,

• anomic. Egoism is a desire to love only themselves, rather than others.

Anomie is a condition of lawlessness, which exists in modern large cities or in the country during the revolution or revolt. Altruism (from Latin alter “another”) is moral principle requiring disinterested actions aimed at the benefit of another person (other people). Typically this term is used to indicate to the ability to bring its benefit sacrificed for the sake of the common good. Person has too much desire of money, love, fun, career at egoistic type of suicide that cannot be immediately addressed. Just this contradiction between capabilities and needs causes a suicide, because such person is deprived the impact of family’s and group’s morality, which teaches abstinence and helps to achieve mental equilibrium. There has been a maximum level of suicide among Protestants compared with other religions because Protestants profess egoistic morality of personal enrichment. Jews have lived always in conditions of pressure and persecution with hand surrounding their nationalities, so the Jews were forced to live friendly and to help each other, so there is very low level of suicide among Jews. Presence of the family and a large number of children is a good means of prevention against threats of suicide. Widower has the propensity to commit suicide.

Examples of altruistic suicide:

• According to custom sati in India, a widow was obliged to go to bonfire voluntarily, where the body's her late husband born and she is obliged to burn together with him because, otherwise, common will despise her.

• In Europe captain of sinking ship did not have the right to leave this ship, and it was obliged to retire at the bottom with ship. Other examples of altruistic suicide:

• Japanese astronaut “kamikaze” was obliged to throw own airplane to board American aircraft carrier. Japanese samurai was obliged to rip open own stomach in case of violation of the code of honour bushidō.

• Islamic suicide bomber “Shahid” is obligated to blow up the bomb in Jerusalem or center of Moscow.

• Community “old‐believers” in Russia was burned himself alive that not to get to hands of the Scar's soldiers.

•  Old mans were obliged to retire tundra and die from hunger,  because it is useless for relatives.

In everybody cases when the community, State or Muslim church dictate that man must commit suicide so Altruist is submitted to this pressure easily. People are alone as social atom in condition of anomy of the big city. Modern society has evolved too fast that it is leading to breakdown of family, morality and religion. Number of suicides has increased many times in developed countries over the past century. Any violation of equilibrium in society leads to increased levels of suicide, so the maximum peaks of level of suicides correspond to periods of economic decline or flowering. Increase the number of suicides in the period of economic crisis can be attributed to increased unemployment and declining salaries, but why do number of suicide growing in a period of economic flowering, when the income from all men grow up? It turns out that suicide occur from envy during period flowering when potential suicide’s man think that other people receive wealth faster it. The number of suicides has declined during the war because society is united on repelling the enemy. In developing countries poverty prevents from suicide, because poor men have large families. Condition apathy and melancholy precedes egoistic suicide, energy and passion precedes altruistic suicide, irritability and despair precedes anomic suicide. Another examples of anomic suicide are suicides artist or poet, fashion which has passed, serves as the fate of Murat Nasyrov from Kazakhstan’s group “A Studio”, Vladimir Mayakovski or Sergey Esenin. Percentage of suicide in this society is retained for a long time. Suicide is prohibited in Christianity with the grounds of this that suicide is a result of devil’s anger. Durkheim concludes that modern increase of the level of suicide is a compulsive phenomenon, it is payment for civilization. In my opinion, suicide and additive behavior is the result of defeat in conflict and the reluctance to be object of control.