User talk:Valery Starikov/Anthropology

The origin of man as the result of invention by the ancestors of man of hunting and war

If Marx considered that the labor had created a man from the monkey, then, in my opinion, not labor, but such kinds of conflict, as hunting and war, had made man from the monkey, when the representatives of more progressive developed human being destroyed   physically to human being from the backward   tribes and the firsts ate the second on the custom of cannibalism  even sometimes. Otherwise It is difficult to explain this rapid evolution from the monkey to the man and the absence of intermediate steps from the monkey to the man today, for example, of Neanderthal men.

The war between the reasonable man and Neanderthal man.

Scientists did not consider the fact of war between the kinds of family hominid for a long time and scientists considered that the evolution of man was more‐less linear: one kind had changed another kind, and each new kind was more progressively, each new kind was nearer to the contemporary man than previous kind. It is now clear that everything was much more complexly. The evolutionary tree of hominid had turned out branched completely. Several different kinds of hominid (which located on the different “levels” of proximity to the man) coexisted in the same place in some time sometimes, and these kinds warred with each other. Primates appeared 65 millions years ago. Primates were distinguished from the general mass of the living beings thanks to own intellect, primates have the greatest volume of the brain with respect to the dimensions of body. Primates had begun to develop along two different lines about 12 millions years ago, thus, people were separated from the large monkeys which is our nearest relatives.

But the generality of origin is obvious on the features which people share with the chimpanzee, the gorillas and the orangutans:

• extraordinary sociability,

• the prolonged concern about the babies and capability for collective protection,

• the ability to walk directly,

• the hands, capable of manipulating by objects. By the way, according to the observations of contemporary scientists, chimpanzee (in contrast to the gorillas and the orangutans) are capable to attend to hunting to the representatives of the smaller kinds of monkeys already periodically that to eat of the meat of victims. The chimpanzee it is considered by trainers as one of the most dangerous kinds of predators thank to the mind and the activity of chimpanzee. Our ancestors go down from the trees into the high grasses of Central Africa about 3   millions ears ago. Our ancestors moved on two feet there and our ancestors had mastered the advantages of collective hunting and our ancestors had begun to use the fire, instruments and weapon. Our ancestors built primitive shelters and    our ancestors sewed primitive clothing. Our own species (Homo    sapiens from Lat. “person is reasonable”) had appeared about 250 thousand years ago. People walked along the Earth about 40 thousand years ago, this people were not different outwardly from contemporary people. The first civilizations    had arisen    in Egypt and    Mesopotamia about 12 thousand years ago.

• Homo of neanderthalensis. Neanderthal men populated Europe and West Asia   (from Spain to Uzbekistan)        200 000 –  28 000 years ago. Climate was more coldly in that time and the glacial periods began several times during the time existences of Neanderthal men also. Neanderthal men, in all likelihood, are not the straight ancestors of contemporary people, Neanderthal man and Homo sapience had origined from the pithecanthropus independently. Neanderthal men differ from contemporary men by lower forehead, coming out nape, above‐ eyebrow’s arcs. The volume of the brain of Neanderthal man was as in contemporary people or it is more even. Neanderthal man could to light fire already. Neanderthal man fed by meat almost exclusively with help of hunting, cannibalism was very disseminated among Neanderthal men. The weapon of Neanderthal men was double‐edged chopped. Neanderthal men had wooden spears for the close battle with the stone’s tips also.

• Homo sapiens is reasonable man. The great expansion of homo of sapiens had begun about 50‐55 thousand years ago. At first, homo of sapiens moved to South and Southeastern Asia, apparently, where there were no Neanderthal men. The representatives of this “wave” of settling of Homo sapience had penetrated to Australia (about 50 thousand years ago), where this “wave”, apparently, had led extremely rapid desertion of continent and mass extinction of large animals. Intrusion of Homo sapience had occurred to Europe somewhat later (40‐35 thousand years ago), but Europe was possession of Neanderthal men. This moment can be considered the date of invention for war as one of the kinds of conflict, humanity did not know war and knew only hunting before that time. If the purpose of hunting is destruction of animals with aim of obtaining for meat for human consumption, that the purpose of war is destruction, forcing out, capture by human beings with aim of seizure of    territory and various resources. Homo sapience and Neanderthal ma lived on one territory and wars with each other a long time (40‐28 thousand years ago). Contemporary man had appeared only once in some small region (in Africa), he settled from there to entire Old World and contemporary man had destroyed all archaic people (pithecanthropus and Neanderthal men). All contemporary people differ very little from each other genetically (genetic differences between the races of people in general is less than between the different beings of chimpanzee in one herd).

The differences of man from the monkey, which appeared in the process of evolution.
In my opinion,  new functions of thinking  (capability for gun activity, spoken language and abstract thinking) had appeared at man in comparison with the monkey, but highest mammals (dogs, monkeys and so on) and man have a capability to intuition, but this intuition, in contrast to the man, exists at  highest mammals  in the nonverbal form. The appearance of new functions of thinking had led to the appearance of physiological differences of the man from the monkey:

• Man had acquired the capability for walking erect with aim to free hands for the gun activity. This had led to a change in the hand and the development of thumb at man, this had led to the decrease of the length of hands, this had led to a change in the foot, which had lost seizing function with climbion along the trees, this had led to a change of the spine (it appeared S‐ descriptive form instead of the form of arc). • The appearance of speech and thinking had led to the change in the structure of skull and brain. The brain of man is in 2‐2,5 times more than the brain of anthropomorphous monkeys.

• The chin’s protrusion testifies about a good development of articulate speech at man