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This article covers the copula in deeper detail. We had learnt how to build nominal sentences in another article, and in this article we will talk about building nominal sentences in the past, future and declined for other moods explained before in the articles about grammar.

The pseudoverb imek
imek used to be a verb similar to the English to be, but turned into a suffix in modern Turkish. It has only 4 declensions: idi, imiş, ise, iken (with their suffix forms -(y)dı, -(y)mış, -(y)sa, -(y)ken).

Formation
Nouns ending in vowels get a y inserted before any of the suffixes. The d in -(y)dı obeys consonant harmony. -(y)dı and -(y)mış undergoes 4-way vowel harmony, -(y)sa undergoes 2-way vowel harmony, and -(y)ken is invariable.

Personal endings may be added to -(y)dı, -(y)mış, -(y)sa, but not -(y)ken.

The past copular marker -(y)dı
The past copular marker -(y)dı is used to create nominal sentences in the past.