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PASCAL`S LAW
Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished and equally in all directions throughout the fluid.

DEFINITION:-
Pascal's principle is defined as A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid This principle is stated mathematically as:
 * $$ \Delta P =\rho g (\Delta h)\,$$
 * $$\Delta P$$ is the hydrostatic pressure, or the difference in pressure at two points within a fluid column, due to the weight of the fluid;

ρ is the fluid density; g is acceleration due to gravity;
 * $$\Delta h$$ is the height of fluid above the point of measurement, or the difference in elevation between the two points within the fluid column.The intuitive explanation of this formula is that the change in pressure between two elevations is due to the weight of the fluid between the elevations. A more correct interpretation, though, is that the pressure change is caused by the change of potential energy per unit volume of the liquid due to the existence of the gravitational field.Note that the variation with height does not depend on any additional pressures. Therefore Pascal's law can be interpreted as saying that any change in pressure applied at any given point of the fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.

EXPLAINATION:-
A common based on the pascal`s law is hydraulic brake.The most common arrangement of hydraulic brakes for passenger vehicles, motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds, consists of the following:
 * Brake pedal or lever
 * A pushrod also called an actuating rod
 * A master cylinder assembly containing a piston assembly (made up of either one or two pistons, a return spring, a series of gaskets/ O-rings and a fluid reservoir)
 * Reinforced hydraulic lines
 * Brake caliper assembly usually consisting of one or two hollow aluminum or chrome-plated steel pistons (called caliper pistons), a set of           thermally conductive brake pads and a rotor (also called a brake disc) or drum attached to an axle.

WORKING:-
In a hydraulic brake system, when the brake pedal is pressed, a pushrod exerts force on the pistons in the master cylinder, causing fluid from the brake fluid reservoir (usually glycol-ether) to flow into a pressure chamber through a compensating port. This results in an increase in the pressure of the entire hydraulic system, forcing fluid through the hydraulic lines toward one or more calipers where it acts upon one or two caliper pistons sealed by one or more seated O-rings (which prevent leakage of the fluid). The brake caliper pistons then apply force to the brake pads, pushing them against the spinning rotor, and the friction between the pads and the rotor causes a braking torque to be generated, slowing the vehicle. Heat generated by this friction is either dissipated through vents and channels in the rotor or is conducted through the pads, which are made of specialized heat-tolerant materials such as kevlar or sintered glass.