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= Education system of Italy = Italy is famous not only for its beauty, but also for its universities. It is known that the first university in Europe was established in Italy, and it is the University of Bologna. This university has been operating since the 11th century.

Education in Italy is under state control. The Ministry of Education provides financial support to schools of all levels and strictly controls tuition in private schools. The Ministry prepares educational programs for public schools. Almost all higher education institutions in Italy are state-owned, but they decide on their own organization, curriculum and other matters. In order to improve the quality of education, mandatory state exams have been introduced for many fields. Thus, there are the following types of education in Italy: 1.      Pre-school education

2.      Secondary education

3.      Higher education

4.      Fashion and design schools

= Pre-school education = From the age of 3, young children are sent to kindergartens (scuola materna), where they prepare for school for 3 years. There are 15-30 children in the kindergarten, and they study according to the method of the famous pedagogue Maria Montessori. After that, the children are sent to primary schools.

= Secondary education = Foreign students can receive secondary education only in international schools or private boarding schools (private (dormitory) private or state educational institution). The modern public education system in Italy began to form in the second half of the 19th century. In 1859, the law on compulsory education of children aged 6-9 years was adopted, and compulsory 8-year education was introduced for children aged 6-14 years. In addition to state schools, religious educational institutions and private schools also operate in the country today. In Italy, schools are divided into two types:

Scuole paritarie schools - since 2000, as a state educational institution, has been issuing certificates to graduates.

Scuole private autorizzate schools ― These schools are run by uneducated and unincorporated high school graduates. Such schools are not authorized to issue certificates to graduates.

One of the unique aspects of the education system of this country compared to the education system of other countries is that there are multi-classes in Italian schools. Students of this class are children of different ages. Their number will be from 6 to 12 people. Students of multiple classes are assigned to the supervision of one teacher. But these types of classes are not available in schools in all regions of the country. They are organized only in mountainous areas, in schools in densely populated areas. This class is attended by children of families whose parents are unable to take care of their children or are busy for other reasons. The organization of the educational process in the school is carried out taking into account the territorial location of the school. Recently, the assessment process has also been different in Italy. At first, the rating system was evaluated using numbers from 0 to 10. Later, the point system is marked with the letters: A, V, S, D, E, and today it is evaluated through 4 levels. That is: excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory

= The secondary education system in Italy is divided into 3 levels: = Primary school (scuola elementare) - for children from 6 to 11 years old, duration of study - 5 years. Primary schools themselves consist of 2 levels:

Elementary 1 (scuola elementare 1)

Elementary 2 (scuola elementare 2)

= In Italy, public and private schools operate equally. = Educational programs do not differ much from each other. In accordance with the law adopted in 1985, primary schools operate based on the rights of individuals and citizens to education established in the constitution. In the management of the education system, the freedom of citizens is considered as a value and meets the requirements of the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Another of the main tasks of primary education is the formation of cultural literacy in children.

Lower secondary school (scuola media) - from 11 to 15 years old, study period - 3 years. At this stage, students study Italian, history, geography, mathematics, natural sciences, foreign languages, art and music. This corresponds to grades 6-8 of our general secondary education. After each academic year, an exam is given based on the "passed-failed" criterion. At the end of this stage, state exams are passed: written in Italian, mathematics and a foreign language, and oral in other subjects.

Upper secondary school (scuola secondaria superiore) - from 15 to 18-19 years old, study period - 5 years. Compared to us, this is 9-10 grades of secondary special education or school. At this stage, students decide on their future activities: to study through a regular program or to prepare to enter the universities, or to combine their studies with professional training.

They have 2 choices:

The student can continue with the regular program. In this case, he will continue his studies at the lyceum. Lyceums prepare students for universities. There are basically 3 types of lyceums:

Classical lyceums (liceo classic)

Technical lyceums (liceo tecnico)

Lyceums of natural sciences (liceo scientifico)

Linguistic lyceums (liceo linguistico)

Humanitarian lyceums

Higher education system

Higher education begins at the age of 18-19. The Italian higher education system is classified by universities, technical universities, university colleges and academies. The higher education system consists of the following levels:

First degree - C.L. (Corsi di Laurea) is an alternative to a bachelor's degree. To get a diploma, you need to "sweat" from 4 to 6 years, depending on the specialty. A slightly different system has been established: linguists receive a diploma in 4 years, chemists and architects in 5 years, and doctors in 6 years.

Second degree - C.D.U. (Corsi di Diploma Universitario) is an alternative to a master's degree. Duration of study - 3 years. Studying is compulsory, it consists of mastering additional subjects and practice. There are also 2-year specialist courses called Scuole directte a fini speciali, which also lead to a C.D.U. (master's) degree.

Third level ― Corsi di Dottorato di Ricerca, DR i Corsi di Perfezionamento ― doctoral research programs. This degree can be studied at universities or special educational institutions - Scuole di Specializzazione (specialization schools). At the end, a specialist diploma or doctorate is awarded.

= Fashion and design schools = Italy is the number one country in the world for fashion and design diplomas. Domus Academy, Istituto Marangoni and others are internationally recognized schools. Italian fashion and design schools offer graduate degrees, second majors, short courses, and summer programs to those who want to study. You can take lessons in various fields.

Studying in such schools lasts from 1 to 4 years. Grading system - European. Language of instruction: Italian or English. Anyone with a high school diploma can enter these schools, but admission is selective, as these types of schools are very prestigious.

= Conclusion = - What we like about the Italian education system is that in vocational schools, that is, in lyceum colleges, the child is given excellent education in the direction he is interested in.

- At the same time, passing the exit exams and getting a diploma and admission to higher education institutions without exams.

- Because the period of development of the child's brain includes 13-14 years of age, and the student does not forget the knowledge gained during this period.

= Reference = World_uz learn & enjoy Many students around the world seek educational opportunities in countries that offer high-quality teaching, advanced programs, and an intellectually stimulating environment.

Alinks education system of Italy

E- library about Italian Universities

Xmind (online tool for create mind map)

Eurydice Network.The Italian education and training system

Arletti Partners “Italian education way”how it works?