User:Mariajim153

The Earth Layers of atmosphere: 1. Troposphere- 0-10 miles Where most weather conditions occur 2. Stratosphere- 10-20 miles Air in this layer is thin, cloudless and no weather happens here 3. Mesosphere- 20-50 miles The ozone is found here, which absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun 4. Ionsphere- 50-500 miles Invisible layers of ions and electrons 5. Exosphere- 500-space Where the atmosphere thins out and merges with space

''In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds are deflected (turned away) to their right by the Earth's rotating motion. In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds are deflected to their left. ''

Movements of the Earth's crust:
 * Convergent- When tectonic plates push into each other
 * Divergent- When tectonic plates push away from each other
 * Transform- When tectonic plates slide by one another

The Earth has three layers crust, mantle and the core.
 * Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments, such as materials in sand dunes and those that settle to the bottom of stream beds, lakes, oceans, and so on.
 * Igneous rocks are formed from magma that comes from within the Earth's surface.
 * Erosion is a working partner to weathering; it carries out away the products of weathering through the forces of water, wind and ice.

Eras NOTE: Jurassic is not part of the Paleozoic era
 * 1) Precambrian time- The first 4 billion years, during these years the Earth's crust formed, the atmosphere developed, and oceans and continents were formed and reformed.
 * 2) Paleozoic era- Began about 570 millions years ago
 * 3) Mesozoic era- Known as the age of reptiles (Jurassic-> Cretaceous-> Mesozoic)
 * 1) Cenozoic era- The age we live in
 * 2) Quaternary period- Known as the age of humans

Earth's Effects:
 * Coriolis effect- due to earth's rotation
 * Monsoons- seasonal winds caused by differential heating of land and sea
 * Land/Sea breezes- daily air current change

Land heats more quickly than water. Also, cold air is heavier than warm and tends to flow under warm air causing it to rise.
 * Areas near the equator receive the most direct, concentrated rays, usually absorbing the most heat.


 * Storm surge is the "eye", center of the hurricane.
 * Air pressure is measured by barometers and biometeorology is the science that studies how weather affects living things.


 * Days are 15 minutes longer from December 22 to June 22

Sounds
 * Sound is produced when any object vibrates
 * Pitch is how low or high a sound seems
 * Intensity is how loud or soft a sound is
 * Amplitude can make sounds louder by moving more air
 * Doppler effect are waves compressed in the direction of movement and lengthen behind it
 * Ultrasound are sound waves beyond the range of human hearing can only be heard with a machine.


 * Rarefaction is where molecules are spread out
 * Compression is where molecules are spread together


 * Sound measurement is measured by decibels
 * Concerning tones, the fundamental tone is the lowest frequency and the overtone are the other high frequency tones

Electricity
 * static electricity is the imbalance of positive and negative charges
 * Electrostatic charge is created when two materials are rubbed together and electrons are moved from the material with less affinity for electrons to the material with greater affinity for electrons.


 * conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow easily through them, each as copper, silver, aluminum, iron and graphite.
 * insulators are materials that RESIST the flow of electrons such as glass, rubber, wood, plastics, cloth and dry air.

Law of Electrostatic Attraction and Repulsion -unlike charges attract each other, and like charges repel.