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This is an analysis of the journal article "A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes" by Castaneda et al. 2002.

Where is the research from?
The study was conducted at the General Clinic Research Centre at New England Medical Centre and the Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Centre on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. The article was reviewed and published by Diabetes Care in 2002.

What kind of research was this?
The research conducted was a 16-week randomized control trial based on 62 Latino older adults.

What did the research involve?
The study involved 62 community-dwelling Latino individuals over the age of 55 years that had type 2 diabetes of at least 3 years’ duration. Pre-screening procedures were conducted to determine the eligibility of the participants. The procedures included confirmation of diabetes diagnosis, physical examination, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and blood haematology. Exclusion criteria of the study included current participation in resistance training, myocardial infarctions within the past 6 months and any unstable chronic condition.

The primary measure for the subjects glycemic control was the plasma glycosylated haemoglobin concentration followed by muscle glycogen stores. The study also examined other glycemic and metabolic variables (plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels), body composition, physical activity, muscular strength and dietary intake. These outcome measures were undertaken at baseline, mid-study and post-study.

Eligible subjects were randomized to a control group or progressive resistance training (PRT) group. The PRT subjects exercised at the HNRCA three times per week for an approximate duration of 45 minutes. The exercise program progressively increased in intensity with week 1-8 were 60-80% of baseline one repetition maximum (1RM) and weeks 10-14 were 70-80% of mid study 1RM. Furthermore, to prevent overuse injury, weeks 9 and 15 exercise intensity was lowered 10% of the current workload.

What were the basic results?
The implementation of PRT training resulted in reduced plasma glycosylated haemoglobin levels, increased muscle glycogen stores and reduced the dose of prescribed diabetes medication in 72% of the PRT group. Additionally the PRT subjects increased lean mass, reduced systolic blood pressure and decreased trunk fat mass. Whereas the control group had no change in in glycosylated haemoglobin levels, reduced muscle glycogen stores and 42% of the group increased in diabetes medication. Furthermore, fasting plasma glucose did not change between both groups.