User:Ianykor

SLOVISK

UNIVERSALE KONSTRUKTE SLOVANSKE JAZIK

(Universal Constructed Slavic Language)

GRAMATIKA – Grammar

= ABECEDA =

= A B C Ꞓ D Đ E F G H Ħ I J K L M N O P R S Ꞩ T U V Z Ƶ =

= a b c Ꞓ d đ e f g h ħ i j k l m n o p r s Ꞩ t u v z Ƶ   =

AЛФAБЭT

А Б Ц Ч Д ДЖ Э Ф Г Х Ӿ И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Ш Т У В З Ж

a б ц ч д дж э ф г х ӿ и й к л м н о п р с ш т у в з ж

auxiliary sign x or ‘ can be used :

cx= ć  hx= ħ, sx= ś, zx= ź  , dzx= đ / c‘, h‘, s‘, z‘

Ć (English CH), Ś (English SH),  Ź (French J), Ħ  (German CH),  Đ (English J )

Ꞓ (English Ch), Đ (English J), Ħ (German Ch), Ꞩ (English Sh)

Ƶ (English Zh), French J)

Slov-sled ies volne.
Kien fonem iest spojite so en litera a kien litera reprezenti en fonem.

Ak vi slisxi slovo vi mozxe toi skribit a ked vi toi vidi vi mozxe toi gvorit.

Tam ne egzisti neki stres na slog.

( Each letter can only be pronounced one way, and each sound can only be spelled one way.

There’s no stress on syllables )

Letters q, w, y, x, ch  are used only in personal names and some geographical names :

(Lydia,Sydney,Cyprus, Felix,  Egypt, Willson, New York, Quito, Mexiko,Chemnitz)

Paris, Beograd, Moskva, Praha, Roma, Warsxawa, Kahira, Kipros

Velie Britania (Great Britain), Anglia (England), Bavaria(Bavaria), Viena (Viena) Londin (London)

Spelling in foreign words : olimpiada, fizika, dinamika, simbol, bicikel, sistem, psihxologia,

SUBSTANTIVI (nouns)

Singular of nouns is in natural form :

sport, otec (father), mama, dieva (girl), junak (boy), deta (child), teta (aunt), zem (earth, soil), reka (river), mesto (place)

more (sea), ezero (lake), planeta, kosmos, galaksia, veda (science), radio, komputer, ekipazx (crew), gord (fortress)

vokabular (vocabulary), denar (money), dom (house), mur (wall), osada (village), grod (town), stat (state) lucx (light)

PLURAL IES ROBITE S SUFIKS (plural is done by suffix) :  - i

lucx – lucxi, otec - oteci, brat - brati, komputer - komputeri, sport - sporti, aeroplan - aeroplani, aviator – aviatori,

ekipazx - ekipazxi, mesec - meseci, den - deni, tiden - tideni, noc - noci, rok - roki, den - deni, put - puti, denar – denari, gvezda - gvezdi

SUBSTANTIVI KONCXITE SO VOKAL (nouns ended in vowel) :

imen - imeni, mama - mami,  auto - auti, krilo - krili, herba - herbi, flotila - flotili

larva - larvi, kamera - kameri, posta - posti, funga - fungi, raketa - raketi, triska - triski

planeta - planeti, litera - literi, prognoza -  prognozi, industria – industrii, variacia - variacii

SUBSTANTIVI KONCXITE SO DIFTONGI (nouns ended in difthongs) :

-ia, -io, -eo, -ao, -io, -uo  :

instrukcia - instrukcii, bakteria - bakterii, tragedia - tragedii, televizia - televizii, radio - radii,

evolucia - evolucii, distancia - distancii, galaksia - galaksii, video – videi

Substantantivi od zxive veci so rod

(nouns of living things with gender)  :  ten, ta

ten delfin / ta delfin, ten lev / ta lev, ten kon / ta kon

SUBSTANTIVI OD MUZXE ROD (nouns of male gender) :   ten

ten muzx, ten kon, ten pes, ten orol, ten krokodil, ten lev, ten slon, ten delfin,

ten direktor, ten sxofer, ten europan, ten robotar, ten traktorist

SUBSTANTIVI OD ZXENE ROD (nouns of female gender)  :   ta / - a

ta germanian(a) - german woman, ta anglian(a) - english woman,

ta slovakian(a) - slovak woman, ta italian(a) – italian woman

ta europan(a) - european woman, ta sxofer(a) - she driver, ta kosmonaut(a) - she astronaut

ta direktor(a) - she director, ta robotar(a) - she worker, ta vedar(a) / ta siencist(a) - she scientist

ta orol - she eagle, ta slon - she elephant, ta lev - she lion, ta kot - cat, ta delfin - she dolphin

·       Ending –a can be added as a suffix to the noun of female gender of a living person e.g.

sxofera, europana, kosmonauta, vedara  whereby ta doesn’t have to be used before the noun.

ROD NE-SPECIFITE (gender not specified) :   to

to lev(lion), to medved(bear), to kot(cat/tom cat), to hus(goos,drake), to delfin(dolphin), to tur (cow, bull)

to dub(oak), to javor(maple), to lipa(lime), to breza(birch), to motil(butterfly), to riba(fish), to pteric(bird),

to zover(animal), to savec(mamal),  to insekt(insect), to misx(mouse)

to komputer, to stol(table), to strom(tree), to olej(oil), to stolica(chair), to hrnec(pot), to dom(house), to ulica(street),

to autobus(bus), to list(leaf), to zem(soil,earth), to masxina(machine,engine), to olem(oil),

Cubs are created by :  june e.g. june-kon - foal, june-kot - kitten, june-kura - chicken, june-lev - lion cub

VAZBA OD DVE SUBSTANTIVI (binding of 2 or more nouns, compound words )

words clusters)

-        Two or more nouns are bound either by the letter –o, or hyphen -.

raketomet, staronov, geogravitacia, drevokaz, muromalba, slovosled

raket-met, star-nov, geo-gravitacia, drev-kaz, mur-malba, slov-sled

ADJEKTIVI (Adjectives)
Koncxenie - ending :   -e / - ske (2+ nouns in root form)

Varsxava – Varsxave/ Varsxavske, Moskva – Moskve, Praga – Prage,

krasne - pretty,  dobre - good, bistre - quick, interesante - interesting, slabe - weak, silne - powerful, teple / terme – warm, nove - new

zvezde noc - starry night, terme/tople diferencia - warm difference, polare/polarske - polar, palivske – combustible,  zle / mizere - bad

Zeme/Zemske gravitacia - Earth gravitation, Mesice svit/ lucx - moon shine,

dene/denske tiket - daily ticket, komputere / komputerske igra-computer game,

televizie program - television programme, Severe Polare Cirk - North Polar Circus, priame/direkte translacia – priamy prenos

Nouns ending in - e  more + breg = more breg / morske breg - sea coast

ADVERBI (Adverbs)
Finala - ending :  o

dobro - well,  krasno - nice,  pomalo - slowly,  stalo - still, bistro - qwickly, nahlo - suddenly, malo - little, few,

termo - warmly, mezo - middle, between, among

Nouns ending in - o remain unchanged : radio-transmite - radio transmitted, racio-urobite - rationally done,  termo/toplo-odevite - warmly dressed

Kreatenie adverbi zo verbi – Creating adverbs from verbs

Adding  - no to infinitive of verb :

skribit / skribitno (to write / in writing) , sunit / sunitno (to sunbathe / sunny), videt / videtno (to see / visibly)

 

Gradacia od adjektivi a adverbi  - Graduation of adjectives and adverbs :

vic - more, -er

nai - most, -est

vic-pomalo(slower) / nai-pomalo(slowest), vic-krasnie/krasno(nicer) / nai-krasnie/krasno(nicest),

vic-dobro(better) / nai-dobro(best), vic-malo(less/lesser) / nai-malo(the least)

Tie es vic-bistre kao ten - They are quicker then he.

Ta bol nai-pomale zo vse - She was the slowest of all.

DEKLINACIA (Declination)
Nominativ        /                To iest dom -  It is a house

Genitiv         -ov / od      To iest auto tenov otec  -  It is the car of a father

                                       To iest otecov auto        -  It is father’s car

Dativ           -om / do      Ti bue daet to kniga detiom - You will give the book to children

                                     Ti bue daet to kniha do deti - You will give the book to children

Akuzativ      Tie do-budoval dom            -  They have built up a house

Genitive and Dative can be done by personal adverbs as well.

Lokal :   o  - about, on

( o mama - about mum, o otec - about dad, o nam - about us, o me - about me,

  o te - about you(sg.), o tenu - about him, o tau - about her, o tiem - about them )

Instrumental :   s  - by

s mama - by mum, s otec - by dad, s nam - by us, s me - by me, s te - by you,

s tenu - by him, s tau - by her, s tiem - by them

Dom bil do-budovate s tiem  - The house was buit up by them.

In case of substantive in accusative in the beginning of a sentence this is in passive voice :

To ies govorite o te    -    It is spoken about you.

Auto ies s‘oferite s otec   -   A car is driven by father

Kafe ies servite s c’as‘iner  -  Coffee is served by a waiter

Kafe ies so cukor   -  Coffee is with sugar

Bit s te, ja bi ne idet tam -  Being you I wouldn´t go there

Ja bi idel tam so te  -  I would have gone there with you

* ODLISXIJ (Distinguish) :   s (by means of)   so (with)

knigi od / tieh‘ oteci / knigi oteciov

– books of fathers, komputeri od / tieh‘ junaki / komputeri junakiov

– computers of boys

sportistiom - to sportsmen,  sxoferiom - to drivers

PERSONE ADVERBI (Personal adverbs / possessive adjectives / possessive pronouns )

Nominativ                     Genitiv                  Dativ               Akuzativ

ja    - I                           moe   - my           me – me           ma  -  me

ti     - you                      tvoe   -  your        te   - you           te    -  you

ten  -  he, this                tenov   - his          tenu – him        toh‘ - him

ta    -  she, this               taov   - her           tau - her            tau  - her

to    -  it, this                  tov   - its              tom – it              toh‘ - it

mi   -  we                       nas‘  - our             nam – us           nas  - us

vi    -  you                      vas‘  - your           vam – you         vas  - you

tie   -  they, these           tiev  - their           tiem – them       tieh‘ - them

ti - you (singular)          vi - you (plural)

tu-ten, tu-ta, tu-to  -  this here

tam-ten, tam-ta, tam-to  -  that there

ten, ta, to - are denominative (demonstrative pronouns) as well as personal pronouns

·       Only in basic form

Persone adverbi vo deklinacia iest vo akuzativ (Personal / determine pronouns at declension are in accusative) :

Tiem  ja videl  - Those (men) I saw

Bez te mi ne ide  - We don‘t go without you

IMPERATIV (Imperative)

Osnove forma od verbo bez infinitive koncxenie (basic form of  verb without infinitive ending) ( - t ), dodatenie od sufiks (adding of suffix)  - j

idet - idej  (go !), vidit - vidij  (look !), imat  - imaj, (imaj edenie - have eating)

robit - robij (do), sluhxat – sluhxaj (listen), cxitat     - cxitaj (read), zxit  -  zxij (live)      edat - edaj (eat), bezxit - bezxij (run), varit - varij (cook), kalkulit - kalkulij (count)    bit  -  bij (be), sedet  -  sedej (sit), skribij  - write, mizij - scat,  imperij - rule, vitaj  - welcome

vi skribij -  write (plural), vi  mizij - scat(plural) vi  imperij - rule (plural),

bezxij - run, mi skribij -  let´s write,  mi mizij - let´s scat, mi imperij -  let's rule,

cxitaj - read

PREPOZICII (Prepositions)

pri – at / by, na - on, vo - in / inside, cez - over, across, pod - under, nad - above, so - with, po - after, pred - before / in front of, za - behind, beyond, mezo - between, among, middle, o - about/at, pro – for, do - to / towards inside, zo - from / out from inside, od – from, s – by,

kol – around, bliz – near, abi – in order to, mesto – instead of, bez - without

vo pette cxas - at five o'clock

o pet cxasi  -  in five hours

Junak ide do les  -  A boy is going into a forest

Junak ide ku les  -  A boy is going to / towards a forest

Junak ies vo les   -  A boy is in a forest

Junak ide zo les – A boy is coming from a forest

Skolar ide do skola – A pupil goes into a school
Skolar ies vo skola – A pupil is in a school

Skolar ide zo skola – A pupil goes from a school

Skolar ide ku skola – A pupil goes to / towards a school

Veter via zo gora  - Wind blows from the mountain

Veter via do gora  -  Wind blows into the mountain

Veter via na gora    -  Wind blows on the mountain

Veter via nad gora  -  Wind blows above the mountain

Veter via cez gora  -  Wind blows through the mountain

Veter via mezo gori  -  Wind blows among / between the mountains

KONJUNKCII (Conjuctions)
a, i (and), tezx(also, too, as well)

VERBI  (Verbs)

Infinitive of verb - ending :  -  t 

sportit - to sport, grat - to play, idet - to go, gvarit - to speak, spat - to sleep, vedet - to know, kalkulit - to count videt - to see

lucxit / svitit - to shine, publikit - to publish, sluhxat - to listen/to hear, begat – to run, observit - to watch, medikit - to heal,

rozumit – to understand, pisxut – to write

- preterite cxas -  past tense :        -   bil / -l

- prezente cxas -  present tense :    -  infinitive without  -t

- future cxas -  future tense :          -  bue / -b

Mi gvori   -  We speak / talk / say

Mi gvoril   -  We spoke / talked / said

Mi bue gvorit / Mi gvorib -  We will speak / talk / say

Konjugacia od verbo  - Conjugation of verb    bit  -  to be

Preterite c‘as  - Past Tense :

ja bil    -     I was                      mi bil    -    we were

ti  bil      -    you were              vi  bil    -    you were

ten  bil    -  he was                  tie bil    -    they are

ta  bil  -    she was

to  bil  -    it was

Prezente c‘as  - Present Tense :

ja ies      -  I am                      mi ies   -   we are

ti  ies    -   you are                   vi ies -     you are

ten ies    - he is                       tie ies  -     they are

ta  ies  -   she is

to  ies   -   is is

Future c‘as  - Future Tense :

ja  bue     - I  shall / will             mi  bue   - we shall / will

ti   bue     - you will                    vi   bue   - you will

ten  bue   -  he will                      tie bue    - they will

ta  bue     - she will

to  bue     - it will

KONDICIONALE FORMA - Conditional  :   bi
ja bi muset - I would have to

ja bi trebit  - I would need to (duty)

ja bi smiet  -  I would be allowed to

ja bi mozxet -  I would be able to

KONDICIONALE FORMA VO PRETERITA - Past Conditional :   bi  +  -  l

ja bi musel - I would have had to

ja bi trebil  -  I would have needed to (duty)

ja bi smiel  -   I would have been allowed to

ja bi moz‘el  -  I would have been able to

imat - to have(posses), due, h‘cet - to want

moz‘et - can, smiet - may, musit - must,

ja ima   -  I have / due

ja imal   -  I had / due

ja imab  -  I will have / due

ja bi imat   -  I would have / due

ja bi imal  - I would have had /due

ja h‘ce    -  I want

ja h‘cel   -  I wanted

ja bue h‘cet  -  I will want

ja bi h‘cet   -  I would want

ja bi h‘cel  -  I would have wanted

ja moz‘e   - I can

ja moz‘el   -  I could[was able]

ja bue moz‘et   - I will be able

ja bi moz‘et   -  I would be able

ja bi moz‘el  -  I would have been able

ja smie  - I may

ja smiel  - I might

ja bue smiet  - I will be allowed to

ja bi smiet  -  I would be allowed to

ja bi smiel  -  I would have been allowed to

ja musi -  I must

ja musil -  I had to

ja bue musit - I will have to

ja bi musit  -  I would have to

ja bi musil  -  I would have had to

KVESTIA (Question)
Robi ti / Ti robi ?    - Do you work / Are you working ?

Robil ti / Ti robi ?    - Did you work / Were you working ?

Bue ti robit / Ti bue robit ?  - Will you work / Will you be working ?
NEGACIA  (Negation)   ne-

ja ne-robi     -  I do not do/work

ja ne-robil      - I did not do/work

ja ne-bue robit   - I will not do/work

PASIVE ROD OD VERBO (Pasive Voice of Verb)

Infinitive + suffix  - te 

Kniga ies skribite s moi priatel - A book is written by my friend

Kniga bil skribite s moi priatel - A book was written by my friend

Kniga bue skribite / skribiteb s moi priatel - A book will be written by my friend

PERFEKTE FORMA OD VERBO (Perfect active voice of verb) :

do-  + infinitive (do-skribit, do-robit, do-edukit, do-planit, do-varit, do-plavat, do-cxitat, do-koncxit)

do-  +  - l ( e.g. Ja do-robil to  - I have done it )

bue do-   (e.g. Ja bue do-robit to do sutra - I will have done it by tomorrow)

Tie do-koncxil to do denes utro.  -  They have finnished it by this morning
PERFEKTE PASIVE FORMA OD VERBO -  perfect passive voice of verb   do .... infinitive of verb (t) + e

Kniha jes do-skribite s moe priatel -   A book has been written by my friend

Kniha bil do-skribite s moe priatel   -   A book had been written by my friend

Kniha bue do-skribite doskribiteb s moe priatel  -   A book will have been written by my friend

MENENIE OD STAV OD VERBI (Changing of verb mode)   o-

vic  o-velit  - to get bigger           vic o-malit  - to get smaller

vic o-velij  -  get bigger ! vic o-malij  -  get smaller ! (imperativ)

    o-tmavit  - to get dark         o-tmavite – is/have been darkened

    o-svitit  - to  get enlighten            o-svitite – is / have been enlightened

    o-staret  -  to grow old                o-starete – is / have been grown old

    o-kamenit  -  to turn to stone      o-kamenite – is/have been turned to stone

OPOZIT  OD AKTIVITA (Oposite of activity)  roz-
vazat / roz-vazat           -  to tie / to untie

klucxit / roz-klucxit     -   to lock / to unlock

budovat / roz-budovat  -  to build / to demolish

KREATENIE SUBSTANTIVI ZO VERBI (Making nouns from verbs)

Verb in ifinitive +  - ost, plural – osti or -enie, plural - eni

robit - robitost(to do/work - doing/working), skribit - skribitost(to write-writing), numerit - numeritost(to count-counting),

dat - datost(to give - giving), agrit - agritost(to crop - cropping), laborit - laboritost(to labour - labouring)

datosti, robitosti, skribitosti, numeritosti, agritosti, laboritosti

Creating of verbs from nouns is unlimited e.g. sarkazmus - sarkazit (sarcasm - to nip),

literar – literit (a writer - to write),  fonia – fonit (phono - to phone) etc.

KREATENIE SUBSTANTIVI ZO SUBSTANTIVI (Creating nouns from nouns)

- stvo koncxite vokal iest prostite (last vowel is omitted)

dete – detstvo             childhood

mater – materstvo        motherhood

otec – otecstvo              fatherhood

brat – bratstvo             brotherhood

kral – kralstvo             kingdom

muz‘ – muz‘stvo       „manhood“ / crew / team

GRADAN OD NAROD (Citizen of nation)

German(i), Ital(i), Rus(i), Amerik(i), C‘eh‘(i), Slovak(i), Polak(i), Hungar(i), Span(i),

Franc(i), S‘ved(i), Ukrain(i),Europ(i), Japon(i), Arab(i), Afrik(i), Austral(i), Eskim(i)

ameroind(i)   

JAZIK / LINGVA (Language) konc‘enie (ending) :  - (i)sk

slovansk – slavic

germansk - german, rusk - russian, slovakisk - slovak, c’eh‘isk - czech, anglisk - english, belorusk - belarussian

polakisk - polish, slovensk - slovenian, ukrainsk - ukrainian, latvisk - latvian, litvisk - lithuanian, estonisk - estonian,

japonsk, arabisk, francisk, italisk, spanisk, holandisk, serbisk, h‘rvatsk, macedonsk, bulgarsk,  esperanto, slovio, ido,

sloviensk, keltsk, hebreisk, koptisk, staroegyptsk, kec‘uansk, maisk, azteksk, arabsk, c‘insk, basksk, katalansk, afrikask,

interlingva, proslava, slovianski, slezan, volapuk, occidental, novial, latina, glosa, dunia

germane jaziki - germanic languages, romane jaziki - romance languages, slovane jaziki - slavic languages

rusie jazik- russian language, slovakie jazik - slovak language, anglie jazik - english language

or : jazik germansk, jazik rusisk, jazik slovakisk, jazik anglisk, jazik c‘insk, jazik polakisk

PARTICIP (Participle) -  iuc

Sxoferiuc auto tie sluh‘al muzika  - Driving a car they were listening to music

Slediuc televizia mi vzaimo gvoril     - Watching the television we were talking together

KREATENIE OD SLOVI  (Creation of words)

veda (science) - vedat (to know) - vedenie (knowledge) – vedar (scientist)

more (sea) - namorar (sailor)

plavat (to swim) - plavenie (swimming) - plavar (swimmer)

kral – kralozem/kral-zem (kingdom)

namorenie (marine)

REFLEKSE ADVERBO - Reflexive Adverb

se – self / personale adverbi vo dative

Tie bue uc‘it se to sledske teden  - ''They will learn it next week. (bue = will/shall, next)''

but : Tie bue uc‘it to sledske teden  - They will teach it next week

NUMERI (Numbers)

Osnove numeri - Cardinal numbers            Rade numeri  (-te) - Ordinal Numbers

0  -  nul, zero                                                0th  -  nulte, zerote  ( zeroth, nilth)

1  -  en                                                         1st -  ente

2  -  dve                                                         2nd  -  dvete

3  -  tri                                                          3rd  -  trite

4  -  sxtir                                                       4th  -  sxtirte

5  -  pet                                                         5th  -  pette

6  -  s‘es                                                         6th  -  s‘este

7  -  siem                                                       7th  -  siemte

8  -  os                                                          8th  - oste

9  -  dev                                                         9th  -  devte

10  -  des                                                      10th -   deste

11 – des-en                                                    11th -  des-ente

12 – des-dve                                                  12th -  des-dvete

13 – des-tri                                                    13th -  des-trit

14 – des-sxtir                                                14th -  des-sxtirte

15 – des-pet                                                   15th - des-pette

16 – des-s‘es                                                 16th - des-s‘este

17 – des-siem                                                17th -  des-siemte

18 – des-os                                                    18th -  des-oste

19 – des-dev                                                 19th -  des-devte

20 – dve-des                                                  20th – dve-deste

21 – dve-des-en                                             21th – dve-desente

22 – dve-des-dve                                           22th – dve-desdvete

30 – tri-des                                                     30th – tri-deste

40 – sxtir-des                                                 40th – sxtir-deste

50 – pet-des                                                    50th – pet-deste

100 - sto (hekto)                                                     100th -  stote (hektote)

1000 - tis (kilo)                                                    1 000th -  tiste (kilote)

1 000 000 - milion (mega)                           1 000 000th -  milionte (megate)

1 000 000 000 - bilion (giga)                  1 000 000 000th -  bilionte (gigate)

Plusenie        :   plus

Minusenie     :   minus

Multiplikacia :  - krat    dvekrat - twice, deskrat - ten times   dve krat pet es des

Dividencia     :    del     divide / divided  des del pet es dve
Frakcia         :  - ina     dveina - one half, desina - one tenth, stoina - one hundredth,

tisina - one thousandth

PLUSENIE OD NUMERI (Counting of numbers)

os plus siem iest despet        8 + 7 = 15

MINUSENIE OD NUMERI (Discounting of numbers)

despet minus siem ies os    15 - 7 = 8

MULTIPLENIE OD NUMERI  (Multiplication of numbers)
dve krat tri ies sxes    2 x 3 = 6  des krat sto ies tis (des krat hekto ies kilo)   ten times hundred is thousand

tis krat milion ies bilion (kilo krat mega ies giga)    thousand times million is milliard

DIVIDENIE OD NUMERI  (Dividing of numbers)
des del pet ies dve    ten divided by five is two 

bilion del tis ies milion (giga del kilo ies mega)    milliard divided by thousend is million

FRAKTI (Fractions)
dveina (en lom dve) 1/2   triina (en lom tri) 1/3   dev milionina (dev lom milion / dev lom mega)  9/1 000 000

DESINE NUMERI  (Decimal numbers)
nul cele en (en desina) - 0,1 nul cele dve (dve desini) - 0,2

nul cele en milionina / en milionina (nul cele en megaina)  0,000 001

ROVNENIE (Equation)

E ies ekvate m krat c kvadrat (E = mc2)

102 - des na dve / des na kvadrat,  103 - des na tri / des na kubik,  104 - des na sxtir

105 - des na pet

DECIMALE SISTEM (Decimal System)

meter, liter, kilogram

kvadrate meter (square meter), kubike meter (cubic meter), obkvadragonal (oblong, rectangle)

cirk (circle), polcirk (semicircle), radius (radius), diameter (diameter), diagonala (diagonal), kula (sphere),

trigonal (triangular), kvadragonal (square), pentagonal (pentagon), heksagonal (hexagonal), oktagonal (oktagonal)

linea (line), horizontale / vertikale linea (horizontal/vertical line), goniomer (protractor) prizen (prism)

perimeter (circuit, perimeter), paralele linei (parallel lines), krive linea (curve), priame linea (straight line),

cilinder (cilinder), konus (cone), kubus (cube), limite linea (abscissa), bod (dot), lina (comma, line),

STATI / KROLSTVI / REPUBLIKI / VAZALSKE TERITORIUMI

States / Kingdoms / Republics / Depended Territories

Unia od Arabske Emirati            United Arab Emirates

Afganistan                                 Afghanistan

Albania                                      Albania

Armenia                                     Armenia

Arktida                                      Arktica

Antarktida                                  Antarktica

Austria                                       Austria

Australia                                    Australia

Azerbaidzxan                            Azerbaijan

Bosna i Hercegovina                  Bosnia and Hercegovina

Bangladesx                               Bangladesh

Belgia                                        Belgium

Bulgaria                                    Bulgaria

Bermuda                                   Bermuda

Brazilia                                     Brazilia

Bahami                                     Bahamas

Belorosia                                  Belarussia

Kanada                                     Canada

Republika od Centrale Afrika   Republic of Central Africa

Republika od Juge Afrika         Republic of South Africa

Sxvaicaria                                Switzerland

Cxina                                        China

Kipros                                     Cyprus

Cxehxia                                   Czechia

Germania                                 Germany

Gibuti                              Gibuti

Dania                                        Denmark

Dominikanske Republika        Dominican Republic

Alzxeria                                    Algeria

Estonia                                     Estonia

Egipt                                        Egypt

Zapade Sahara                          Western Sahara

Spania                                     Spain

Finia                                         Finland

Ostrovi Fidzxi                           Fiji Islands

Falklandske Ostrovi                 Falkland Isles

(Malvini                                    Malvinas)

Ostrovi Fare                               Fare Isles

Francia                                    France

Gruzia                                      Georgia

Francie Guaiana                        French Guiana

Gibraltar                                  Gibraltar

Gronlandia                               Greenland

Ekvatore Guinea                       Equatorial Guinea

Grecia                                      Greece

Hxrvatia                                   Croatia

Irlandia                                    Ireland

Izrael                                       Israel

Irak                                         Iraq

Iran                                         Iran

Island                                       Iceland

Italia                                        Italy

Jamaika                                  Jamaica

Jordan                                     Jordan

Japonia                                   Japan

Kenia                                      Kenia

Kirgizia                                   Kirgizia

Kambodzxa                             Kambodia

Severe Korea                         North Korea

Juge Korea                             South Korea

Kuvait                                   Kuwait

Kaimanske Ostrovi               Caiman Isles

Kazahxstan                            Kazakhstan

Libanon                                 Lebanon

Lihxtensxtain                         Lichtenstein

Litva                                     Lithuania

Luxemburg                           Luxembourgh

Latvia                           Latvia

Moldovia                              Moldovia

Marsxalske Ostrovi              Marshall Islands

Makedonia                            Macedonia

Mongolia                              Mongolia

Martinik                                Martinique

Mauritania                            Mauretania

Malta                                    Malta

Mauritius                             Mauritius

Malavi                                 Malawi

Mexiko                                Mexico

Malaizia                               Malaysia

Mozambik                           Mozambique

Namibia                               Namibia

Nove Kaledonia                   New Caledonia

Nederlandia / Holandia        Netherland / Holland

Norvegia                               Norway

Nove Zealand                       New Zealand

Francie Polinezia                 French Polynesia

Filipini                                 Philiphinnes

Polakia                                Poland

Puerto Riko                          Puerto Rico

Palestina                              Palestine

Portugalia                            Portugal

Paraguai                               Paraguay

Kvatar                                 Quatar

Romania                              Romania

Rosia                                   Russia

Rvanda                               Rwanda

SaudieArabia                      Saudi Arabia

Sxalamunske Ostrovi          Solomon Islands

Seisxeli                               Seychelles

Sxvedia                               Sweden

Singapur                             Singapore

Slovenia                              Slovenia

Slovakia                              Slovakia

Srbia                                  Serbia

San Marino                         San Marino

Somalia                              Somalia

El Salvador                         El Salvador

Siria                                    Syria

Svaziland                            Swaziland

Turks i Kaikos Ostrovi       Turks and Caicos Islands

Tailandia                             Thailand

Tadzxikia                            Tajikistan

Turkmenistan                      Turkmenistan

Tunisia                               Tunisia

Istoke Timor                       East Timor

Turkia                                 Turkey

Tai-van                               Tai-wan

Ukraina                               Ukraine

USA                                    USA

Uruguai                              Uruguay

Uzbekistan                          Uzbekistan

Vatikan                               Vatican

Vietnam                              Vietnam

Jemen                         Yemen

Jugoslavia                           Yugoslavia

Zimbabve                            Zimbabwe

KRATKE VOKABULAR (Brief vocabulary)

ko  -   who                                  c‘o  -   what (thing)

koh‘   -   whose                         c’oh‘  -  of what

kom   -   whom                          c‘om  -  to what

o kom  -   about whom            o c‘om  - about what

s kom  -   with whom              s c‘om  -  with what

ke   -  where                            kor   - which

kei  -  when (time)                  z‘e   -  that

ki   -  what                               abo   - or

kao  -  how                             len   - only

ak  -  if                                    tez‘ - too, either, as well as

kim  -  while, meanwhile        ebo   - because, that´s why

ked  -  when                            li   - whether

c‘em  -  why                  ale   -  but

kisi    -  some                           c‘osi   - something

neki   -  no + noun, none           nec‘   - nothing

kesi   -  somewhere                  hoc’o   - anything

neke  -  nowhere                      lensi  - some, a few, a little

kosi   -  somebody, someone     kien   - every, everyone, each

neko  -  nobody, no one            korsi   -  some, someone

kaosi  -  some, somehow          ensi   - whoever, whichever, whatever

nekao -  no way                       nekei   - never

od ke   -  where from                              toc‘as  -  now

do ke   -  where to                                  po  -  after

od kei  -  from when / from what time     skoro -  soon

do kei  -  till what time                             abi  -  so that, in order to

krom   - besides                                      uz‘ - already

tak – so, thus

a / i  - and

da  -  yes

ponedelia  -  Monday

Pacifike  Ocean  - Pacific Ocean

ne   -  no

utorak   -  Tuesday

Atlantike Ocean - Atlantic Ocean

C‘as  -  time

sreda  -  Wednesday

Indie Ocean   -  Indian Ocean

den  -  day

s‘tirak  -  Thursday

Arktide Ocean   -  Arctic Ocean

tiden  -  week

petak  -  Friday

Ekvatore Cirk - Equator

mesec  -  month

sobota  -  Saturday

Longituda  - Longitude

rok  -  year

nedela  -  Sunday        

Latituda  -  Latitude

sever  -  north

c‘era  -  yesterday         

jug  -  south

denes  -  today

istok  -  east

sutra  -  tomorrow

zapad  -  west

utro  - morning           

vesna  -  spring

polden -  noon

Antarktida  -  Antarktica

leto  -  summer

vecxer  -  evening

Volkan    -  Volcano

jesen  -  autumn

noc  -  night

Kontinent- Continent

zima  -  winter

polnoc  -  polnoc

Mezozeme More - Mediterranean Sea

vitaj  - welcome

zdrav - hello, hi

selo  -  village

Sunce  -  The Sun

zem  -  earth, soil

dobre den  -  good day

mesto  -  town

Zem (Globa/Geo-)  - The Earth

teritorium  -  territory

dobre utro  - good morning

gora  -  mountain

Mesic  -  The Moon

geocentrum  - centre of the Earth

dobre vecxer  - good evening

luka  -  meadow

planeta  -   planet

teren – ragged surface

dobre noc  -  good night

put  -  way, road

Solare Sistem  -  Solar System

hor – up

dol – down

prav – right

lav – left

kastel - chateau

hostinec  -  pub

edat -  to eat    edenie - eating, food       maj edenie - have eating 

bivat - live, stay  bivenie - accomodation

EGZAMPLI OD DENSKO-UZXITE FRAZEOLOGIA (examples of daily used phrases) :

Kao ies ti ?  -  How are you ? Gvori ti Slovisk - Do you speak Slovisk ?

Ja ies dobro  -  I am fine. Mezo-nacione recx  - international language

Ki ies cxas ?  - What´s the time ? Kao velo (denari) ies to ?  -  How much (money) is it ?

(To ies) pet cxasi  -  It is five o´clock  To ies dvedes-pet (denari)  -  It is twenty-five ((money).

prognoza od  meteo-klima – weather forecast

toplo / termo – warm

goronco – hot

dezx – rain, dezxit – to rain, dezxenie - raining

solnco – sunny (Solnce – the Sun)

otec   -  father

mama - mom

sestra  - sister

brat     - brother

dedo  -  grandfather

babusxa - grandmother

bratan  - cousin (he)

sestrana  - cousin (she)

sin - son

docx - daughter

VEDSKE VOKABULAR (scientific vocabulary):

Severe Polare Cirk - North Polar Circus

Juge Polare Cirk  -  South Polar Circus

Severe Magnete Pol  -  North magnetic pole

Juge Magnete Pol  -  South magnetic pole

aviator  -  flier

aviacia - aviation

aerodrom  -  airport

aeroplan  -  airplane

helikoptera  -  helicopter

sonda - probe

Universum / Vsemir / Prostor – Universe / Space

galaksia - galaxy

zvezda - star

planeta - planet

ne-Zemske civilizacia  - extraterrestrial civilisation

universe  -  universal, general, common

mezo-planete  - interplanetary

kosmodrom - rocket pad

Zemske gravitacia / Geogravitacia - Earth gravitation

orbita  -  orbit

kosmose korab – space ship

ekipazx – crew

distancia  -  distance

ekran – screen

gradus  -  grade

atome elektrostacia  - nuclear power-plant

institut  - institut

atomske fuzia – nuclear fusion

zover  -  animal, creature   zovere ogrod - Zoo

pteric  -  bird    riba  -  fish    insekt  -  insect    savec  -  mamal

planta  -  plant  herba  -  herb  list  -  leaf

organite  -  organic

ne-organite  -  inorganic

senzitivita - sensitivity

celula - cell

arhxe - ancient

derma – skin

imperator – ruler

imperium - empire

kolor  - colour  /  kolore - colourful

cxerne - black

bele - white

zxolte - yellow

zelene - green

modre – blue

purpure – purple

sive – grey

pocxetie - beginning

koncxenie – end

administracia  -  administration

dividencia  -   department, section

justicia  -    justice

governia  - government

minister  - minister, servant  ministerit - to serve

_________________________________________________________________

EKLESIE VOKABULAR  (religious vocabulary)

Jesus Kristus  -  Jesus Christ                      eklesia  - church (belief)

Evangelium  -  gospel                                 spasitor  - savior

Apostol (i) -  apostle(s)                                kral  - king

Angel (i)  -  angel(s)                                     kralozem  - kingdom

Kristan (i)  -  christian(s)                             kres  - cross

baptisit  -  baptise (baptisenie  - baptism)    religia  - religion

(religiesk  -  religious, religii - religions)

svat  -  saint

Svatec (i)  - Saint(s)

spirit (i)  -  spirit(s)

mesiasx  -  mesiah

vizionar (i)  -  prophet(s)                             Bog - Boh

PK (Pred Kristus)  -  B.C. (Before Christ)            monastir  - monastir  monastiran - monk

EK (Era od Kristiani)  -  A.D. (Anno Domini)     omsxa  -  mass

kapel - church

vera  -  belief, truth, credo                 Svate Skribenie - Holy Writing / Scriptum

verit  -  to believe                               glorifit - to celebrate

resurektit - to resurrect                     molitva -  prayer   molit - to pray

NAŚ  OTEC
Naś otec, kor ies vo nebo

svate bij tvoe imen

pridij kralstvo tvoe

bij vola tvoe

kao vo nebo, tak i na Zem

ħleb naś kienodenske daj nam denes

a izvenij nam naś vini

kao i mi izveni naś vinitoriom

a ne-uvedij nas do iskuśenie

'''ale zbavij nas od zlo. '''

Amen

Vo imen od Otec i Sin i Svate Duħ

Kisi slovi berite zo ine jaziki (some words taken from other languages) :

dar(gift), agrit(to cultivate), skribit(to write), sedet(to sit), stat(to stand), videt(to see), audit(to hear), vehikular(vehicle)

navigat(to navigate), nihilovat(to destroy), mortit(to kill), lektit(to read), diferit(to distinguish), duplikit (to double), sedet (to sit)

laborit(to work), kredit(to believe) kosxela(shirt), skola(school), kapusta(cabbage), zxiak(pupil), ceruza(pencil),striga(witch)

palac(palace), verbala(verbal), morta(dead), militanta(army), magnifikanta(magnificant),maksimala(the biggest, greatest),

optimala (optimal), mur(wall), inicia(beginning), astra(star), tera(earth), luna(moon), templar(monk), birokracia(burocracy),

dukcia (duction), femina(femine), eksitus (death), fakt(fact), kineza(movement), liberta(freedom), mater (mother), lakto(milk),

legislativa(legislation),librum(book),kalamita(disaster),korpus(body),artist(artist), metamorfoza(change),aerodinamika

urbare(urbal), dom(house), litera(letter), materia(matter), minorita(minority), medik / doktor(doctor), siencia(science),rosa (dew)

siencist(scientist), nacion(nation), procesia(procession), numero(number,digit), audiencia(hearing), meteorologia(meteorology)

episkopia, minimum,maksimum,magnum, geografia,anonim, liceum, polihistor,dializa,derma,liceum,dukcia,trigonometria

stabilita, disputa, debata, sprej, lodzxia, kufor, deka, katastrofa, fajn, funkcia, mutacia, razante, pozicia,

tema,shxema,grafologia,vizia,distristribucia,fonia,kataklizma,antibiotikum,enorme,

higienika,hipotetika,

sekurita,armia, arest, rezultat, digital, senzor, cxip, komputer, disk, disketa, totalita,globala,implicita,

printit(to print), printer(printer man), printera(printer), geroj(hero), kineza (moving), rotacia (rotation)

soenstvo /  unita – unity

"En triina od nas’ z‘ivenie bil bi pridate nam, ak po akceptenie od pomoce jazik, bil bi edukenie od ine nature jaziki, limitite pro racie kriterium"

"En triina od nasx zxivenie bil bi pridate nam, ak po akceptenie od pomoce jazik, bil bi edukenie od ine nature jaziki, limitite pro racie kriterium"

( One third of our life would be added to us if, after acceptance of an auxiliary language, the education of other natural languages, would be limited on rational criterium )

G.W.Leibniz

'''Vse jaziki ies rezult od SOGLASENIE mezo c‘leni od obc‘nost – kor davate nazad do velo daleke c‘asi a rozvia se pomalo i neprerivno zo generacia do generacia – pro vzaime komunikacia s prosredstvo od glas. To znac‘i z‘e to moz‘e bit tak samo aplikate pro konstrukte jaziki.'''

( All languages are the result of an AGREEMENT between the members of a community – dating back to very distant times and evolving slowly and continuously from generation to generation – to communicate with each other by means of the voice. It means that this could be applicable to conlangs as well )

'''Vse ludi ies rodite volne a rovne vo dostojnost i pravi. Tie ies obdarene s rozum i sovest a ima bi aktit vzaimo vo duh‘ od bratstvo.'''

''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''