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Sociology asserts that intelligence, like many other parts of reality, is a sociocultural construction. and heavily reject that it is purely a biological or psychological cognitive attribute. It is a subjective concept wherein its meaning diverges amongst different groups and times. Sociological perspectives draw upon many psychological theories of intelligence in order to form conclusions on intelligence measurement, hence the combining of the disciplines.

It is believed that intelligence only exists when it is perceived and is strongly tied to social factors. One theory proposes that when individual learns they are seen as 'intelligent', it becomes part of their identity and hence they further pursue and exhibit behaviours and symbols that conform with their self-perception. This is based in Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self theory, which proposes we adjust ourselves accordingly to our beliefs of the expectations placed on us. The Production of Reality: Essays and Readings on Social Interaction Similarly, individuals part of groups socially perceived as unintelligent can experience a 'stereotype threat', which is the anxiousness arising from confirming or reinforcing a negative stereotype ascribed to a group they are a member of. This social pressure ultimately leads to underperformance and fulfillment of the stereotype. (ADD RITHU'S SOURCES)

These disciplines claim that standardised intelligence tests are heavily biased towards the sub-cultural beliefs and ideas of its creator, empowering them to construct the idea of intelligence. It is argued that IQ tests fail in their purpose of convincingly estimating innate intelligence as its ingrained biases are an unquantifiable random factor and could only produce meaningful results if testees experienced the exact same conditions of development. Furthermore, due to intelligence as used in academic literature today largely being an "invention" of middle class Europeans and Americans, its measurements of human intelligence are essentially “meaningless” in the face of cultural divergences. .

However, aforementioned theories have received criticism for being incomplete as they ignore self-categorization theory analysis of social influence.