USMLE Step 1 Review/Free association

Clinical - Free Association
Proud Dead Guys and Other Diseases

a

 * Addison’s Disease - primary adrenocortical deficiency
 * Addisonian Anemia - pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells - IF - Vit B12 - macrocytic non-megaloblastic anemia)
 * Albright’s Syndrome - polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls
 * Alport’s Syndrome - hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes)
 * Alzheimer’s - progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus and cortex,  Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)
 * Argyll-Robertson Pupil - loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
 * “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react


 * Pathognomonic for Tertiary Syphilis
 * Arnold-Chiari Malformation - cerebellar tonsil herniation

b
Bronchiolitis RSV
 * Barrett’s esophagus- columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)
 * Bartter’s Syndrome - hyperreninemia
 * Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy - similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
 * Bell’s Palsy - CNVII palsy  (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
 * Berger’s Disease - IgA nephropathy
 * Bernard-Soulier Disease - defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of von willenbrand factor receptor GP 1b platelet-surface glycoprotein)
 * Berry Aneurysm - circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed),often associated with ADPKD
 * Bowen’s Disease - carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
 * Briquet’s Syndrome - somatization disorder,psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
 * Broca’s Aphasia - Motor Aphasia intact comprehension
 * Brown-Sequard - hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
 * Bruton’s Disease - X-linked agammaglobinemia
 * Budd-Chiari - post-hepatic venous thrombosis
 * Buerger’s Disease - acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene * Japan * smoking
 * Burkitt’s Lymphoma - small noncleaved cell lymphoma,EBV,8:14 translocation

c
(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)
 * Caisson Disease - gas emboli
 * Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Median nerve entrapment in the Carpel tunnel
 * Chagas’ Disease - Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achalasia
 * Chediak-Higashi Disease - Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy• repeated infections
 * Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt loss, hypotension
 * 11-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, hypertension
 * Conn’s Syndrome - primary aldosteronism
 * Cori’s Disease - glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
 * Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
 * Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated),self mutilation,glucuronyl transferase deficiency
 * Crohn’s • IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas
 * Croup - Parainfluenza
 * Curling’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
 * Cushing’s Disease - hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
 * Cushing's Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic)
 * Cushing’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

d

 * de Quervain’s Thyroiditis - self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
 * DiGeorge’s Syndrome - thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency,hypoparathyroidism
 * Doll's Eyes - patient comatose with intact brain stem, eyes remain fixed and seem to move opposite the movement of the head
 * Down’s Syndrome - trisomy 21 or translocation
 * Dressler’s Syndrome - Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
 * Dubin-Johnson Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated),striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
 * Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - deficiency of dystrophin protein, MD  X-linked recessive

e

 * Edwards’ Syndrome - trisomy 18,rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease
 * Ehler’s-Danlos - defective collagen
 * Eisenmenger’s Complex - late cyanotic shunt (R to L) pulmonary HTN & RVH secondary to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
 * Erb-Duchenne Palsy - trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
 * Ewing Sarcoma - undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone. Translocation (11;22)
 * Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ on glans penis

f

 * Fanconi Syndrome - impaired proximal tubular reabsorption secondary to lead poisoning or Tetracycline.

Useful Websites

 * Pixorize: USMLE Step 1 Mnemonics