Turkish/Pronunciation and Alphabet/A-I

The alphabet in Turkish is based on the Latin alphabet. However, the pronunciations of the letters are a little different from English, and there are also some perhaps unfamiliar letters included, too. So, let's start learning the Turkish alphabet!

A
Letter is named 'a'. Pronounced like the a in father, but shorter. It's a back vowel. (You'll see why this is important in later lessons)

For example:

B
Named be. Pronounced like the b in big. Devoices to 'p' in end of the word.

For example:

C
Named ce. Now things have started to go different, here! Be careful, in Turkish, c is pronounced sort of like the j in jelly. Devoices to 'ç' in the end of word, with very few exceptions like (//).

For example:

Ç
Named çe. This is pronounced like the ch in chocolate.

For example:

D
Named de. This is pronounced like the d in delight. Devoices to 't' at the end of a word, with very rare exceptions like (//).

For example:

E
Named e. Sounds like "e" in "pet".

Examples: It is pronounced closer to the a in trap in syllables ending in r, l, m, n; and in the ending -mez. A small number of short words are an exception to this.



F
Named fe. This is pronounced like the f in forget. It's a rare sound and only occurs in loanwords.

For example:

G
Or ge. This is pronounced like the g in go with back vowels and more palatal with front vowels. Detones to 'k' in end of the word. In some Arabic and Persian loanwords, it might spelled palatalized with back vowels with, as in //. This pronunciation is indicated by adding a circumflex (^) over the next vowel.

For example:

Ğ
In Turkish, this is referred to as "yumuşak g" (//), meaning soft g, because it's technically what it is. It's the most distinctive letter in Turkish, having no equivalent in many other languages. "Ğ" can be pronounced in three ways.
 * If it's followed by a vowel, it's silent, and the Ğ is only there to indicate the start of a new syllable. Do not pronounce it in that position! For example, the words ağaç // and meğer // are both pronounced in two syllables, with a hiatus in between two vowels.
 * If it follows the letter "E", it sounds like a faint "Y" sound, as in the word eğri, pronounced //.
 * If it's followed by a consonant, or Ğ is the last letter of the word, it has no sound, but the previous vowel is held for a longer duration. For example, in the word yağmur // the vowel A is longer.

"Ğ" must always follow a vowel, and as such it can never be used at the beginning of a word (that's why it lacks its own name).

Some more examples: Nevertheless, ğ is always considired a consonant for all grammatical purposes, and suffixes are declined accordingly.

H
Or he. This is pronounced like the "h" in heaven.

For example:

I
This is another one to watch out for! It's not pronounced like an ! As a matter of fact, the lowercase version of this is a dotless i. It has no exact English equivalent, but is pronounced like the e in legend or i in cousin. The exact pronunciation is made by shaping your lips to say e (as in bread), but trying to say u (as in you) instead. It's hard, but no harm in trying!

Some similar sounds in other languages are, ы in Russian, y in Polish and î in Romanian.

For example:

Try and learn those off by heart, particularly c, ç, ğ and ı!