Telugu/Transliteration

Lekhini (లేఖిని lEkhini) & IAST
Lekhini is one of the most popular transliterators.

IAST is considered the standard way to transliterate Indian scripts to Roman script, and unlike Lekhini, it uses accents.

Vowels
The macron(the line over the vowels for IAST transliteration) represents a long vowel. This means it is held for twice as long as a short vowel.

The circles under the characters r and l indicate that they are vowels, rather than consonants. However, other than ఋ/r̥, these are not used anymore in Modern Telugu

The dots underneath m and h indicate that they are being used as the accent marks anusvāra(ం) and visarga(ః) respectively.

Consonants
The dots below consonants indicate a retroflex consonant(with the tongue curled back into the mouth)

The accents on the various n sounds denote various points of pronunciation.

Bandi Raa is no longer used in modern Telugu.