Talk:Workbook Canada - Citizenship Test/Archive 1

= System of Government = About the system of government: some sources (e.g. Globe & Mail) gives answer to this question as "Constitutional Monarchy" and not "Parliamentary Democracy"). Can someone explain?

Some sources indicate government type as "constitutional monarchy" while here it is "Parliamentary Government". Which is correct?


 * Parliamentary Government is the correct one. (Source: A Look At Canada, 2007 Edition)


 * They are both Correct. Canada is a Federal Parliamentary Democracy AND a Constitutional Monarchy.


 * ~ As the previous comment states: Canada is a STATE with a Federal SYSTEM (Federal State), as it is mentioned, it is also a Parliamentary Democracy, as it is mentione too, none the less, it is a Constitutional Monarchy, just as it is confirmed above. Google: Discover Canada.pdf, Discover Canada.epub Discover Canada.MP3 or just read on line from the web page (all the same)  here 
 * 1.) It is a FEDERAL state - since confederation - it's a system in which individual parts join together under the same banner /flag, e.g. symbol of the state /you could just say join together into a state, but not simply merge into 1 entity with no distinction from what they were before, but as states joined in a federation, multiple legal entities, that kept their Legislative Assemblies, (read: their own governments), etc, still had transferred certain rights, duties and responsibilities, jurisdictions to the highest level of government - the one that is made up of representatives of all of the joined parts, in the most representative way /meaning in the most representative numbers possible to the numbers of citizens they represent /e.g. representation should be reflected in numbers; a fair representation of the population in the Parliament. Example: smaller the population density of the given territory township or Provinces /Territories less seats in the Legislative Assembly (local, provincial, federal Legislative Assembly respectively).
 * 2.) It is Parliamentary system of government meaning Canada has a Parliament to govern it-self (Federal Ministers (MPs), First minister (PM /Prime Minister, it is copied in each of it's parts /Provinces /Territories) e.g. House of Commons; Senate (the Upper House /Upper Chamber - abolished, not working or never in an existence on Provincial /Territorial level); Governor General), complex governing body and a formal place of meeting of a Legislative Assembly.
 * 3.) It is a Democracy b/c citizens elect their representatives in a democratic way, casting a secret ballot with a vote, to government bodies (Legislative Assemblies, on federal level, and replicated in Provincial /Territorial levels, except Nunavut, b/c they are way to small so they incorporate all that and consensus /tribal traditions in a publicly held secret vote of the elected representatives, when selecting cabinet and the first Minister, also Territories have Commissioners instead of Governors, with slightly less wide scope of rights, but only slightly, there is a difference, hence the difference in the name to indicate the fact), instead of government being appointed by the Monarch, as it was in the very beginning; The Monarch granted Canada the right to govern it-self in such manner. There are still different clauses in legal documents that binds politicians to act in a certain manner through the Governor General actions, but since they do all by the books, there is no fear of those "emergency" measures, in legal books called: ‘Royal Prerogatives’ or  ‘Reserve Powers’ ; to be ever enacted, so the role of 11, Monarch (read: Queens), direct representatives, the Governor General and any of the 10 Lieutenant Governors (collective name: vice-regals /all 11 of them equally are only the Monarch representatives, not any more a 2 tier system, the difference in a name only indicates the diffrence of jurisdictions - Federal Government or Provincial Governments) seems as ceremonial, even though, after all that transpired and has been amended and changed over the time in the legal frame, they ALL have more power over the Canadian government in the situation of emergency, should the situation require it, then the Monarch it-self. Emergency powers are properly known as the ‘Royal Prerogatives’ or ‘Reserve Powers’; and they include: 1.) The Prerogative to Dismiss and Appoint First Ministers (Federal and Provincial Prime Ministers); 2.) Refusal of the dissolution of parliament, and to 3.) Disallowing or Reserving legislation. Meaning, all of them could disallow or reserve legislation, if 'things go south', in their respective Legislative Assembly, also the Governor General and any of the 10 Lieutenant Governors have: 4.) The Power to Dismiss their Premier or Prime Minister; 5.) Call for an Election; 6.) Offer the Government to an opposition party or coalition and even, 7.) Veto Legislation. Even though these powers have not been in use for a long time, does not mean they are not binding by any means. Quite the contrary. So, it could only mean 1 thing: government has acted responsibly, and within a frame of good political conduct, therefor the sea was calm, the ride was easy /no ruff rides, no emergency rights to be enacted, all is great, do not rock the boot, especially for no reason. All in all, ‘Royal Prerogatives’ or ‘Reserve Powers’ so called emergency powers of the 11 vice-regals, not ceremonial at all, despite how it looks on the surface to a common person, all b/c Canada still formally is a Dominion, even though Government can change constitution without asking a Monarch, actually the British Parliament for the approval, in translation, Queen washed up her hands from us, but in a sense, Canada is not 100% trusted as an responsible /reasonable, all grown-up /adult country, so the beef-ed up role of the 11 vice-regals still stands, alive and kicking in the legislature /read 'books' (legal books /by law), all b/c of fears of secession of it's parts. In a sense it is not the worst legal "catch 22" when you get to understand it. Canada is stronger player united, in a sense even if the influence has been reduced, through the Commonwealth Realm both countries are strengthen by it - meaning alliance of any kind (be it a trade one or other) of stronger countries is always better then alliance of weaker, reduced entities /countries. There is a very strong reason of why things have been as they are. There are no missed points or misguided ones, especially from the stand point of the British, who claimed the land at the end of the colonial times - the strongest and the luckiest got to rule and make the rules.
 * 4.) Canada is also a Constitutional Monarchy - since the forming of it, read: constitution (meaning making of, constituting, establishing, founding, forming, the creation, setting up, very begging of the legal framing as a country from it's humble beginnings of tribal settlements, over companies, colonial fortifications, colonial settlements, colonial territories /different, self standing legal entities refered to as just British colonies, then colonial provinces, to finally constitution as a Dominion of Canada) - a Monarch was and still is the Head of State, and is still, currently the Queen of Canada, Her Majesty Elizabeth II.

(99.231.192.146 (discuss) 06:01, 9 April 2017 (UTC))

= Most recent province = Someone, this evening, changed the answer to the question about the most recent Candaian province. They changed the answer from 'Prince Edward Island' to 'Nunavut'. I'm not Canadian so therefore not 100% sure about the differences between province and territory but I suspect that Nunavut is only a territory so the answer to the question should be PE Island (which is a province). Can someone who knows a little more than me check this and revert the edit if necessary. Xania talk 22:43, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Nunavut is indeed a territory. PEI is not the most recent addition, however - it is NL which is the youngest province; the text is correct now. – Mike.lifeguard  &#124; talk 22:08, 9 December 2007 (UTC)


 * Newfoundland is the last Province and Nunavut is the Most recent Territory to join the Confederation.


 * (99.231.192.146 (discuss) 07:13, 9 April 2017 (UTC)) says:


 * Expansion of the Dominion by Provinces /Territories


 * (Advice: Sort the table bellow by the column 'Year of joining the Confederation' )


 * 1880 — Transfer of the Arctic Islands to N.W.T.


 * Trivia:


 * Province of New Brunswick was originally a territory included in the area that made up Nova Scotia.
 * It was later separated and established as a province of New Brunswick in 1784.


 * Then the elected representatives were elected in New Brunswick in 1785,
 * and finally in Ontario and in Québec in 1791.
 * Those were the beginnings of the democracy in Canada.


 * Rigid colonial rules and seemingly slow progress toward full democracy sparked rebellions of 1837–1838
 * in Toronto and Monteral, were extinguished in blood.
 * After the rebellions, Lord Durham was asked to undertake a study and
 * prepare a report on the matter and to offer a solution for the British Parliament to assess.
 * Following Durham's report, the British government merged the two colonial provinces
 * into a Province of Canada with the Act of Union of 1840.
 * The two colonies remained distinct in administration, election, and law.
 * The Province of Canada was formed in 1840 uniting Upper and Lower Canada.
 * First to attain full responsible government was Nova Scotia in 1847/1848.
 * In 1848/1849 the governor of United Canada, Lord Elgin, introduced the system called responsible government.
 * In 1848, Baldwin and LaFontaine, allies and leaders of the Reformist party,
 * were asked by Lord Elgin to form an administration together under the new policy of responsible government.
 * The French language subsequently regained legal status in the Legislature.
 * In 1867, with the British North America Act, 1867, also called the Constitution Act, 1867,
 * the Dominion of Canada united Nova Scotia, New Brunswick with Province of Canada, but the
 * Province of Canada was split back to two provinces, this time under new names of Ontario and Québec.
 * Dominion of Canada become a self-governing dominion with
 * two levels of government: federal & provincial.
 * It still lacked municipal /local level of government.


 * In 1896, Wilfrid Laurier became the first French Canadian to become Prime Minister of Canada.


 * Expansion of the Dominion:


 * 1867 — Ontario (ON), Québec, (QC), Nova Scotia (NS), New Brunswick (NB);


 * Québec is an Algonquin word for “narrow passage” or “strait”,
 * first used to describe the narrowing of the St. Lawrence River near what is now the City of Québec.
 * Then the fist fortified Fortress in the New world was named Québec.
 * Then part of the French Canada, that was a part of the New France, was called Québec.
 * Then nowadays Ontario and todays Québec and what remained of New France was called Québec.
 * The word "Canada" in 1600s was referred to the territory along the Saint Lawrence River,
 * then known as the Canada river, from Grosse Island in the east to a point between Quebec
 * and Three Rivers, Trois-Rivières,
 * although this territory had greatly expanded by 1600.
 * Word Canada came from word Huron-Iroquois word “kanata,” meaning “village” or “settlement, mid XVI century.


 * Then nothing, except for the capital city of Lower Canada
 * (land downstream from the St. Lawrence River) was called Québec,
 * Then Québec ceased to be a capital, by abolishing Lower Canada in favor of creation of
 * The Province of Canada, in reality just a new name for the old French Canada (Québec),
 * then only a small portion of what once was called Québec, was again renamed to Québec,
 * while mostly English speaking Loyalist settlers got the part of the territory
 * formerly called Upper Canada, nowadays Ontario.
 * (Like a dance, steps back - step forward - step on the side).


 * The earliest recording of the name Ontario was in 1641 where it was used to describe
 * a mass of land on the north shore of the easternmost part of the Great Lakes.
 * Word Ontario came from the Iroquois word which translates into “sparkling” water.


 * In 1759, the British aimed directly at the heart of New France.
 * General James Wolfe led British troops to the fortress of Québec (city).
 * Marquis Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, held the walled city of Québec
 * under Wolfe's siege for more than two months, exchanging cannon fire over the river,
 * but neither side could break the siege. Wolfe moved to force a battle,
 * the British troops crossed close to Cap-Rouge, west of the city and
 * successfully climbed the steep Cape Diamond undetected get into the Québec citadel.
 * Marquis Montcalm, did not use the protection of the fortress, 9 meter high city walls,
 * decided to lead troops in a bloody battle on the the Plains of Abraham, an open terrain,
 * both leaders died in battle, but the British won. Marquis Montcalm lived 4h after being shoot,
 * realizing the battle is lost. As the main city and capital, fell in British hands,
 * it was just the matter of time when inner cities of Trois-Rivières and Montreal
 * will meet the same fate. Marquis Pierre de Rigaud, last Royal governor of New France,
 * surrendered Montreal, in 1760, after a lost battle, exactly one year after the fall of Québec.


 * Land called Québec become a British colony, The Province of Québec (todays Ontario, Québec, part of USA).


 * The British settlers had originally called the land that covered nowadays Québec, Ontario,
 * and part of the United States as Québec. It wasn’t until the British enacted
 * the Constitutional Act in 1791 that Ontario would be known as the '''land upstream
 * from the St. Lawrence River, or Upper Canada''', and Québec considered the
 * land downstream from the St. Lawrence River, known as Lower Canada.


 * 1870 — Northwest Territories (NT);


 * (NT - aka N.W.T. - that at that time included territories of today Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon,
 * Nunavut and a part that has been redefined as a new Canadian Province of Manitoba and excluded from N.W.T.)


 * Prior to 1870, it was known as the North-Western Territory. The name has always been
 * just a description of the location of the territory.


 * 1870 — Manitoba (MB) (the first province created from part of NWT, with this act of :joining the Dominion of Canada);
 * Name of the province came from the name of the Manitoba Lake, which is a derivation of the term that
 * describes (the Great) Spirit and the strange sound of waves crashing against rocks near the narrows of the
 * lake Manitoba
 * in a term broadly translated as “the narrows of the Great Spirit”.


 * 1871 — British Columbia (BC) (completing the idea from Atlantic, Arctic, to Pacific - Sea-to-Sea-to-Sea);
 * BC got it's name “Columbia”, after the Columbia River.
 * The central region was given the name of “New Caledonia” by explorer Simon Fraser.
 * To avoid confusion with Colombia in South America and the island of New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean,
 * Queen Victoria named the area British Columbia when it became a colony in 1858.


 * 1873 — Prince Edward Island (PE) (completing the joining of Maritime colonies /provinces to the Dominion);
 * The province’s earliest documented name was given by the native Mi’kmaq, and meant “cradled in the waves”.
 * French /AcadiansIt later named it Saint-Jean island.
 * When it became British in 1763, it was renamed St. John’s Island.
 * In 1799 the English declared that the island would be renamed to Prince Edward Island
 * in honour of the Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent and Strathearn.


 * 1880 — Transfer of the Arctic Islands to N.W.T.;


 * In 1882 Alberta was established as a provisional district of the North West Territories,
 * without a name, but got a name in 1905 when Alberta officially became a province,
 * after Queen Victoria’s fourth daughter, Princess Louise Caroline Alberta.


 * 1898 — Yukon was Yukon Territory (YT) (created from part of NWT, with this act of joining the Dominion of Canada),
 * From the “Great river" for the Yukon River in Inuit. It was named “Yukon Territory” in 1898,
 * but became just “Yukon” under the Yukon Act of 2003.


 * 1905 — Alberta, Saskatchewan (AB), (SK) - created from part of NWT with this act of joining the Dominion of Canada);
 * Saskatchewan is the middle part of the Cree word describing “swift-flowing river”;
 * in a wide stroke translation it could be said it means Flow.


 * 1949 — Newfoundland (& Labrador) (NL) (with the Act of Newfoundland & Labrador 1949,
 * by the British Parliament in London, UK), until then NL operated as an separate British entity /province /colony.


 * The province was officially renamed Newfoundland & Labrador in December 2001
 * when an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada.


 * King Henry VII of England referred to the land discovered by John Cabot in 1497 as the “New Found Launde.”
 * It’s likely that name Labrador came from an explorer in 1500,
 * in broad translation farmer, agriculturalist, landowner.


 * 1999 — Nunavut (NU) (created from part of NT as it's subdivision, with this act of joining the Dominion of Canada).
 * Nunavut means “our land” in Inuit.

99.231.192.146 (discuss) 07:59, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

= Provincial Representation = what is right answer for 5. What is the name of your provincial representative (member of the Legislative Assembly, member of the provincial Parliament, member of the National Assembly or member of the House of Assembly)?

obviously not as it is, because

Gerry Sklavounos, B.C.L., LL.B., (born December 16, 1974) is a Quebec politician. He is the current Liberal Member of the National Assembly for the electoral district of Laurier-Dorion, as well as the parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Health and Social Services.

Members of Canadian Provincial and Territorial Assemblies employ the titles

e.g. Elected Provincial /Territory representatives in the Legislatures have these titles:

~ MPPs in ON, at the Provincial Parliament called Parliament of Ontario or The Legislative Assembly of Ontario;

~ MLAs in BC, AB, SK, MB, NB, NS, NU, NT, YT,

at The Legislative Assemblies at any of the Parliaments of BC, AB, SK, MB, NB, NS, NU, NT, YT;

~ MHAs in NL, at The NL House of Assembly, at The General Assembly of Newfoundland & Labrador;

~ MNAs in QC, at The National Assembly, that is the Lower House today, part of The Legislature of Québec.

(99.231.192.146 (discuss) 06:23, 9 April 2017 (UTC))

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 * [[Voiced labio-velar
 * Wh (digraph)
 * ω (omega)
 * W stands for Work in physics
 * W is the symbol for "watt" in the International System of Units (SI)