Talk:Transportation Deployment Casebook

Bus
The bus mode system is designed to transport many passengers on a road system. There are different types of buses, where the most common ones are single-deck rigid bus and midibuses and minibuses the variations of these vehicles depend on the type of services, demand, road conditions, and route distances which they will be used.

The technology that is developed for these transport services, depends purely on the local conditions as well as the needs attached to the service itself. The technology presented in some of these services also depend on the economic factors and the importance that local governments place or the technology that private sectors can develop to adjust the passengers’ needs.

This transport mode is highly efficient in carrying many passenger form different destinations, these allow traffic conditions to be more bearable since the level of occupancy is higher for these vehicles. This allows the condensation of more commuters in smaller areas and hence, from this perspective, an extremely effective transport system.

The market of the buses is extended sometimes to different niches, school buses are intended to transport students, for example. This market is also influenced by external factors, sometimes it is due to deficiencies in parallel transport systems, the travel time and cost may also influence the demand for such transport system and therefore the market it is extended to different needs.

First Bus Models And Services
An alternative transport mode was being developed close in the same year in which the first attempt to a bus creation was accomplished, the Autopsy (1833) was one of the first automobile models to be developed. In contrast, the steam buses make their first appearance in the same year in London.

An additional transport system had been developed in 1821 that would address carrying of coal to the coast by a tramway. However, this transport system addressed a different market at the time.

The bus evolution can be tracked all the way from the horse cars implemented in 1832, in this case, the horses became a limitation due to their physical conditions and energy required to carry in many passengers. Later, in 1873, a different technology was developed in which the cable cars were used, an innovated alternative, but they were considered unsafe, as their likelihood of cable snaps. In 1881, the street cars took over the existing rails in the streets, and make it easier for commuters to transit and reach their destinations due to the safe structure.

Finally, the system was modernized in 1896. They became one of the most commonly used transportation systems nowadays, because of their advantages in cost and efficiency in displacing more effectively commuters.

As in the first type of bus system created, the technology that has been developed over the year to achieve a greater potential of this transport system has been significant. For the outside perspective, a noticeable element that was upgraded was the animal interaction with the developed system. This allows vehicles to present a major improvement since there was no a biological limitation attached to it. This, therefore, allow the system to be more efficient and reliable. And its significant reduction in price that will allow it to generate further developments.

With the development of streetcar lines, there was a significant improvement around the integrations of this new transport technology into more demanding areas. This at the same time, expanded the market and the demand in comparison with the previous systems. This was the first public system that allows many commuters to be carried from outsider regions to the most crowded areas within the cities.

Nowadays, this public transport is widely used in many cities, because of its convenience and lower prices compared with other transport systems. However, it is seen that there are certain limitations within the system itself because of the overpopulations, although there have been certain advances in technology that might be leading to more efficient transport systems, an example of this are the new development in artificial intelligence with self-driven cars, that can change in a major way the new direction that transport system could take in general.

Policies
The policies around the transport system, it can be tracked that the policies that were used around this system in the early stages were borrowed from the previous carthorse system. This gave a framework in the early stages that could help cultivate regulation for future advancements in technology. Throughout the history of the bus services, it was experienced ups and downs regarding privatisation and public usage of this transport system. Nowadays, regulations around scheduling and establishment of a route that fix certain systems, the fare that has been developing to asses more accurate fees around the usage of the public transport. Also, it can be shown that in more developed countries, the laws around, for example, disability accessibility is fundamental, whereas I more developing countries these policies are vague or non-essential since the bus services go around different entities, and there is a lack of control in the system itself. So, the laws these are essential in progress to more accessible and efficient services. Currently, the locked policies are more relevant in terms of scheduling and timetables, that allows delivering a more effective system, generating a higher level of satisfaction and trust in the commuters. Growth development

It has been evident that the quality of the services is a major difference to consider regarding this transport system. There were differences between the public service and the privatization of it. One of these difference is around the quality of the driver, in which the public agents are supposed to more benefits, around health benefits and more, whereas in the private sector, this benefit might be non-existent, and the paying fares are more likely to be lower than in the public transport system. This can compromise the standard of the employees hired. However, the privatization of this can lead to more competent services in the long term, this is due to the constant changes requires around business to keep on top of the possible competitions and generate profits that can help in the system improvement, however, this private sector may neglect the less profitable routes to maximize profits.

In the growth of this, it can be seen in which the more the cities are developed the more technology that is necessary to cope with the demand around the transport system, the increment of the population and agglomerations in more metropolitan areas suggest development in the transportation of masses within the cities. This challenged the previous modes of the buses in which that allowed it to keep competitive among all the others transport systems.

The development of the bus system is now phasing a new growth phase, the newest technologies around electric cars, self-driven automobiles, and the technology around AI that has been developed in the past year, are suggesting major shifts in the industries, were an enormous number of industry will be forced to change to cope with competition and technologies advantages. This will potentially change the market in which it is believed to become highly efficient and safe. However, the earliest stages might suggest otherwise. When the new technology has been regulated and not enough policies have been established around these topics. A 180-degree shift in the policies around transport might be necessary. For example, if self-driven vehicles are established effectively in the market, there will be huge consequences in all the jobs around this field will be eliminated over time. Therefore, there will be some challenges in establishing new policies that protect works and more. Clearly, this is not the only industry in which this will face multiple challenges, although the payoff of new technologies that increase significantly the efficiency of the services might be more beneficial overall.

The data shown in the graph below shows passenger journeys on local bus services, from 1970 until 2017 where the city selected was London since it presented that most data among the cities presented in this database. Although the that it is not from the days of the bus birth, the passenger journey started with a decreased tendency in the early 70s. during this period parallel services in London took place, such as the light rail, which currently is the most used service in this region. This period maintains itself stable for several years, this is due to not many advantages in the technology in the transport systems. At the beginning of the century, a steadier growth started happening where all more advanced technology and advantages took place, but the latest data show that parallel system such as underground, light rails are preferred over this road systems in London.