Talk:Digital Media & Culture: Collaborative Essay Collection 2018/The Internet of Things/Research Question 1: Media Maidens

Hi team Media Maidens!

This is the discussion page for collaborative essay. Use this pages to edit in discussions, decision making, project planning, and information sharing. Invite other groups to add to the discussion, and contribute to others. Ask for advice from others and share your knowledge. This builds contribs considerably. Start off your discussion by recording your decision-making process re: your research question, email the lecturer to get approval/suggested amendments.Once that's done, you're away.

Also,  could you please get the others to sort out their user pages and user discussion pages as per instructions? They are still showing up as red, which means that the page hasn't been created yet (and it really should have been by now!)

You can leave notifications for other users by using the reply to template (as I've used in this notice). You can also use your own and each other's discussion pages, as well as the main discussion page on the general theme page. All of this adds to contribs, which are essential to getting a pass mark for this assessment. Don't be tempted to use social media group chat or other platforms to do this. It won't be marked and really misses the entire point of the wiki.

Don't forget to use the four tildes (~) to sign and date your contribution. Every edit you make whilst signed in is still traceable, but a signature makes it much easier to track and respond, and much less likely that the edit will be mis-recognised as spam or vandalism. However: don't sign your edits on the essay page - it looks messy and is unnecessary.

Good Luck!
 * GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 09:48, 8 March 2018 (UTC)


 * where is your discussion guys? - we need to see lots of discussion recorded here for you to amass "contribs" which are used to evaluate engagement. GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 12:53, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Group Essay Discussion
Hey guys! The topic I am researching and planning to write about is a switch in culture that results in us relying upon and being controlled by the IoT. I plan on discussing Smart Cities as well as dependency in general. Essentially, the negative effects of these things. Once I have started writing I'm hoping it will all flow together and make sense! I will tailor it to suit the rest of our group's arguments as we go on. Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 22:21, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

I will be researching the threats of insecure network services and cybersecurity attacks in relation to the IoT by investigating the consequences of these attacks and how these attacks may impact society. For this, I will be looking at previous cybersecurity attacks such as the "WannaCry" ransomware attack that negatively affected the NHS, putting thousands of people in a position where they were unable to receive medical help. Security and confidentiality are aspects of IoT that are at great risk. This is just a base for my research and will adjust it, if needed, to fit the criteria. LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 22:53, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

I have been doing some research and found that 'The Internet of Things' by Buns, M. and Meikle, G. from the reading list has been really helpful when it comes to getting a basic understanding of exactly what certain 'IoT' entail. I am waiting for another book called 'The Internet of Things' by Greengard, S. to come back into the library, I think it would be a very helpful book that covers most of the topics that we will be discussing in our group essay. I will post more links to articles that I think will be relevant as I find them! I found a helpful article on Google scholar that gave me a good idea of what life would be like in smart cities and how it is hoped they can be made. Perhaps worth a read if any of you are interested! http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6740844&tag=1 Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 18:17, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

The first source you mention ('The Internet of Things' by Buns, M. and Meikle, G.) seems like a perfect source for the intro of our collaborative essay. It sounds like it may provide us with concise definitions and information regarding the topic, that will be effective to set up the more in-depth discussion. In my own research I also encountered the work of Graham Meikle in the book 'Media Convergence: Networked Digital Media in Everyday Life', which I used for the annotated bibliography task. I certainly don't remember encountering anything directly relating to either smart cities or insecure network services/cyber security, but I did find it an easily understandable and relatable source on the subject of digital media as a whole. It may be worth taking a look at. RowanHarp1 (discuss • contribs) 16:37, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

Thanks for the suggestion I will definitely take a look! I am going to start posting things that I am thinking of including in the essay, perhaps a new topic that we can name "Essay Draft" so we can begin to see how all our information will flow together? I think it may be useful, hope you guys will feel the same! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:26, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

I am thinking of possibly altering my research into personal safety as I think there could be a lot of scope with this. Maybe even looking at how governments are taking steps to improve legislation to protect this. Or more to the point what is not being done! If anyone has any sources that appear to have information about this then feel free to let me know! Anything at all will be appreciated! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:15, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

I have found that changing my topic of research has helped greatly. It is now more precise and fits well into our essay question. The book I have been waiting on from the library turned out to be available on google scholar! I will link it below. Now that we have all decided on our area of research we can pitch ideas on here so we can look over our whole process! Here is the link for the book I thought would be useful! https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=oyyyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=samuel+greengard+internet+of+things&ots=ImPwfBLDMT&sig=8BLIrVDLvIXheMfCQ2dfwYWlclo#v=onepage&q=samuel%20greengard%20internet%20of%20things&f=false Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:33, 26 March 2018 (UTC) I realised last night that this is a preview of the book! I think it would still have some useful information, to get the whole book it is around £6. I decided to buy it so if anyone wants to take a look when we meet then feel free! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 10:46, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

For this essay, specifically looking at threats and issues surrounding IoT, I think it would be important to research the legitimacy of smart cities and the challenges/ issues being faced such as sensory overload, connectivity issues, and surveillance (relating to a dystopian monitored society). It would also be helpful to research digital fatigue since there is a lot of work on this. This could be linked with people's growing dependency on technology, creating an anti-social environment resulting in culture and psychological changes (negative impacts further resulting in a dystopian society). Artifical intelligence is yet another topic that could be interesting to research. LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 21:58, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

I think these are all great ideas and even if some are not going to end up being main topics, we can incorporate the ideas into our discussion anyway! I think that it is a useful thing that there are so many things to look at, it gives us a lot of room to choose what interests us most! They are also very easily linked together so our essay should flow well together! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 10:46, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi everyone- I've been looking into the smart city Songdo in South Korea, this article has a great breakdown of information on it, highlighting many of the criticisms it's drawn in, and criticisms of smart cities in general It talks a little about surveillance issues, financial and social elitism and exclusivity and the fact that Smart Cities are too generic and not adaptable to a changing population. The slight drawback though is that it does acknowledge that for their other faults, Smart Cities are environmentally efficient so I will have to look elsewhere to find evidence that suggests a negative environmental impact in the long run. Here's the link: http://www.newtowninstitute.org/spip.php?article1078 Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 08:07, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Great! Sounds like there will be a lot to discuss! If you don't find enough on how it will have a negative impact in the long run, you can acknowledge the positives but explain how as these things are not fully in place yet, we cannot know for sure whether the impact will remain positive for the environment! Sounds like it will be an interesting thing to research! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 10:46, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

I have been doing some extensive research for this project and have many subjects to look into in relation to my topic of privacy issues, such as machine learning, and privacy against the law. I have discovered a new product by Amazon similar to the Amazon Echo Dot but its main function is to take a picture of the user's style and fashion outfit. This has an overwhelming potential for invasive data collection and Amazon lacks a clear policy on how it might prevent this. This leads me to believe that this product could be a huge issue in the near future, and so I would like to try and go into detail about these threats. Cas00103 (discuss • contribs) 23:55, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Essay Draft Ideas
Section on Change in culture, Smart Cities and Dependency (hopefully will be narrowed down eventually- just what I am looking into at the moment!)

Culture has certainly shifted to one that relies heavily upon the IoT. Fundamentally in health care and travel and of course, how people communicate. However, in the future there is every chance it is going to evolve into something more. Smart Cities are something that are being debated, experimented and planned for our future. This is primarily to optimise the gadgets we have at our disposal in order to reduce costs, and help public services run smoothly. However, this can cause disruption to our everyday lives. It is arguably, an invasion into our lives, that in order to be fully effective, controls our aspects of our lives that have not yet been deemed possible. Mercedes Bunz and Graham Meikle discuss this in their book ‘The Internet of Things’. Although these systems are put in place to adapt to our culture and lifestyle, we also have to adapt to these ‘things’. In fact, our culture is changing greatly because of these. Even the ways we speak and behave are changing in order for us to engage with these devices. A simple shift that can be noted is that when Siri was first established, it was a notion that as a culture, simultaneously amazed and confused us. Now however, it is something we rely upon to give us information quickly, or to do things without us touching our devices. Although this is one rather simple example, when we put it into this context it highlights what bigger changes are yet to come. Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:30, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

I have posted what my thoughts are so far on personal safety and legality on the essay page, I will continue to edit and add to this over the next few days. As you all add your things in too, I will edit my work so it fits accordingly! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 22:03, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Visitor Comments
Hello Team Media Maidens !

I just came across your discussion page. Firstly, and most importantly, I was wondering what your essay question is as I cannot find it on this discussion page or your book.

you mention that you will be looking at the controlling consequences of the Internet of Things, focussing on Smart Cities. I was wondering how you will approach this as the increase in Smart Cities is generally seen as a positive improvement of society. However, you might consider the reading by Moscow on the drawbacks of cloud computing, that is definitely part of the Internet of Things? (Here is the link for the full citation: Mosco, V. (2014). To the cloud: Big data in a turbulent world. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.)

your approach with the real life example of the NHS sounds very interesting and definitely tapping into contemporary struggles. I too would suggest you follow up on the Moscow reading, that I linked to in the previous paragraph. Additionally, Zuboff’s article on surveillance capitalism might be very useful too. (Here is the full citation for that: Zubhoff, S. (2015). Big other: Surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilisation. Journal of Information Technology, 30(1), 75-89.) I was wondering if there is any academic reading or studies on the NHS case in particular that will support your argument?

Good luck with your essay. My group, NeverOff and I would be delighted if you would visit and contribute to our discussion page too. Accessible at Always-on Culture: Research Question 2: Discussion.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:57, 23 March 2018 (UTC) Our question has now been confirmed and is shown below. I have also chosen to alter my research as what I was looking into was too broad. I am now focusing on issues of personal safety with the internet of things! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:36, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Thank you for your reply. Your essay question sounds very interesting. You say that you are focussing on personal safety with the Internet of Things. In what way will you be defining personal safety? Are you thinking physical safety or more towards privacy issues that the connectivity of the Internet of Things entails? Good luck with your essay! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:16, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Yes I will be covering the physical aspect! Caitlin in my group is tackling the privacy aspect of this as we see this as a massive problem with the internet of things. Thank you, good luck with your essay too! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 10:30, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi     ! Looks like your discussion is starting to come together. I find your topics interesting and I think it will make for an interesting collaborative essay. Look forward to reading! Hope everything goes well! --Stirsb00027 (discuss • contribs) 10:53, 30 March 2018 (UTC)

Hello Team Media Maidens !

I have just visited your collaborative essay book page and seen that only one section has been uploaded so far. I hope you are all on your way to add the remaining sections very soon. Do not forget to leave enough time to search for multimedia, which will help to break up the denseness of a 3000 word essay. They are best found on Wiki Commons. Most of the images are free to use, however make sure that you reference them nonetheless. This shows that you are completely transparent about where not only your arguments/ knowledge comes from but you reference everything that contributes to your essay. If you want to know what that can look like why not visit our essay book page here.

Secondly, do not underestimate the time you will need to edit references either. If you are looking for a guide on how to reference with the Wiki MarkUp in combination with the APA referencing style, then I would suggest you check out our discussion page. The Helpful Tips section has a short guide on referencing and a few links for longer articles about the same topic.

I hope you found my suggestions useful. Good luck with your essay and other assignments! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:12, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Hey team just wanted to say a big well done, I think we've all done massively well. Good luck to you all!MTxPrincipessa18 (discuss • contribs) 10:55, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Essay Question
As we have discussed today, Lauren and I decided to propose the question: "Are the threats and issues surrounding the Internet of Things creating a dystopian society?" Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 14:04, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

I think that our chosen topics are all relevant to this question. There is enough scope in this for us all to demonstrate our understanding! Love the suggestion of a dystopian society, makes the question stand out. I think that we are on the right track with the areas we have chosen to research! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 22:07, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Introduction Ideas
Thought we could put all our ideas about the intro here, just if you think of something it will be quick and easy to pop in here! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:40, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Although the internet of things is full of promise- the whole idea behind it is to be more convenient and cost efficient, creating an idea of a Utopia. However, can these negative factors prove that a Dystopian society is being created instead? Through evaluating hacking, personal safety, privacy, inequality in smart cities and artificial intelligence, we aim to prove that this is the case. (Perhaps something like this could be at the end of our intro and lead us into our main concepts!) Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:07, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

”We will live in a world where many things won’t work and nobody will know how to fix them”. (Greengard,S. 2015) I thought that this would be a good quote to put somewhere in the intro or something. Perhaps not, I just liked it! Smart and to the point. It was not him that said it he quoted someone else I will find who it was! Thought it would be a good option to include! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:36, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Like I mentioned earlier I think it's key that we establish our own definition of what a dystopia is in our introduction, for example: "a modern 'dystopia' could describe a world where the majority of the population lack the ability to control their lives, a world where we are dependent on technology and rendered useless in its absence, a world where these technologies reinforce and deepen inequalities without remorse and those at the top of the chain benefit the most, even being able to manipulate the technology we rely on to invade our privacy." That means that throughout the essay whenever we bring up a point that fits in with our definition we can confirm that we're on topic and addressing the question we've set ourselves by identifying with the key word 'dystopia' Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 18:00, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

that's perfect I think we should definitely include this in our introduction! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:18, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

Hey guys! Are we still hoping to keep our intro and conclusion to around 100 words each to keep them precise and to the point? We should put up all our paragraphs as soon as possible so we can establish our conclusion as well! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:18, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

Topic: Cybersecurity Attacks & Hacking
Cybersecurity attacks are one of the biggest threats and challenges associated with IoT. This includes Ransomware, Botnets, DDoS Attacks and personal attacks. These attacks can be dangerous and daunting as they are invasions of privacy, confidentiality and security. While many argue that IoT devices do not yet have valuable data to steal, there have been many examples of how it can be life-threatening. For example, the WannaCry Attack in 2017, had a major impact on the UK's NHS. All patient data was unavailable and therefore appointments, surgeries and such had to be interrupted for a few weeks, with it taking that time for the NHS to recover. Medical devices were also put at risk, such as pacemakers, defibrillators, blood pressure movement devices and much more, and therefore put many people at risk with them. Other examples of these attacks include Stuxnet, Brickerbot, Mirai Bonet, the Botnet Barrage and the heating in Finland. As IoT technology develops and more data can be collected, the threat of cyberattacks increase and will put more and more at risk. LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 12:43, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Sources:

- https://www.csoonline.com/article/3244467/internet-of-things/2018-prediction-securing-iot-connected-devices-will-be-a-major-cybersecurity-challenge.html - https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/cyber-security/10-significant-ransomware-attacks-2017/ - https://cybersecurityventures.com/internet-of-things-hacks/ - http://www.information-age.com/internet-things-security-crisis-123470475/ - https://www.riverpublishers.com/journal/journal_articles/RP_Journal_2245-1439_414.pdf

Sounds like you have a good idea of what you are writing about already! As I am doing personal safety I have come across quite a few sources on security! I will link this ebook I found in the library catalogue, it has a section about issues of privacy and security that could potentially be useful! https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-61161-7 Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:56, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Topic: Personal Safety and Legality
At this moment I am mainly focussing on personal safety and will refer to legality where possible. As there are issues with legality there is not much concrete information out there about it. I am going to discuss this in my work as I think it is a clear sign that there are problems with this. Predominantly I am going to talk about self driving cars and it's fatalities, robot chefs (only the dangers, of course) and a small part about being safe in your own home. This is all the thoughts I have had so far! If you guys have any ideas on this then feel free to pop them here! I noticed that when searching for information on this, it tended to blend in with ideas of security. Which of course is also linked to safety. However, I found it interesting that physical safety takes a back seat in these discussions. I wonder why this is, perhaps as things such as self driving cars are not wildly popular yet. I still think that this is an important thing to discuss! Also the legal side should be addressed as governments should be doing more so that citizens feel protected by the law especially in times of change, where reliance on technology to perform everyday tasks is the norm. Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:46, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

This will be an interesting topic to explore especially with the recent news of the fatal crash caused by an Uber self driving car! I was just reading about it on: https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/26/17166326/uber-self-driving-autonomous-vehicle-ban-arizona-fatal-crash LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 13:07, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Perfect thank you! This is not something that I have mentioned thus far in my paragraph, however a recent example would help to highlight this issue! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 20:51, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

I should perhaps narrow my research slightly to mainly personal safety and responsibility when it comes to self driving cars as I have already reached 600 words with this topic which does not give me much room for the other things I had hoped to discuss! I will consider this but cannot confirm just yet! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:20, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Topic: Privacy
Peoples' privacy being invaded online and through IoT is one of the biggest challenges and threats to society. While online activity is already being monitored, it is a worrying thought that a complete stranger or group of strangers can invade your privacy and gather valuable information about yourself, as well as family and friends. Through hacking IoT devices, home intrusion is becoming a bigger threat than ever before. will be exploring the theme of privacy in relation to IoT. LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 13:02, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

This is an interesting and frightening article I read about a man hacking a baby monitor: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/baby-monitors-hacked-parents-warned-to-be-vigilant-after-voices-heard-coming-from-speakers-a6843346.html LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 13:10, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Wow, that was a very disturbing article you linked. I will definitely be looking into that in a little more depth for our research. I have also read about the dangers of smart toys which is similar to this, but somehow appears as a lot more innocent. Smart toys can recognize the voice of a child and interacts with them using external Bluetooth and and Wi-Fi connection capabilities. Although this, at first glance, can appear to be a nice aspect to a toy, it can also be a lot more terrifying than that. Because it is connected to the internet this can mean that hackers are just as capable of hacking these toys than they are hacking baby monitors, except these toys are for older children who can understand a little better. Also, they are advertised completely as child friendly given that is the intention of the toy, so this gives parents no reason to be suspicious of what their child is playing with. I have found a couple of news articles with these examples: http://www.itpro.co.uk/security/29941/hackers-can-talk-to-your-children-through-connected-toys https://www.mirror.co.uk/tech/mums-warning-parents-google-bans-11904727 The second link here is a different from the smart toys, as that itself has not been hacked. This may not be an issue of hacking and a threat to privacy, but it still highlights the dangers of having the internet so easily accesable to children. Parents may not be keeping a close eye on what their children are playing on, especially when it is disguised as an innocent children's game. This isn't necessarily part of my research but I thought it was an interesting article just the same. Cas00103 (discuss • contribs) 23:49, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Topic: Dystopian Society
Throughout this essay,    and myself, will be discussing our chosen topics in relation to how it is creating a dystopian society. By dictionary definition, a Dystopia is "relating to or denoting an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one.", however, a dystopian world is essentially when the efforts of creating a Utopia (perfect world) fail. Typically, a fictional (book, film or television program) dystopia is set in the future, with advanced technology and governed by oppression and with complete control. Media Maidens will be discussing how advanced technology that is continually growing and improving, especially IoT networks and devices, is contributing to the world becoming a digital dystopia. We will do this by investigating such things like how peoples' privacy is being compromised, how people are being monitored and recorded, and how our mental and physical health can be at stake. Here are some sources that relate to this topic and will help our research:
 * https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/06/tech-threat-moving-dystopian-future-170614121405607.html


 * https://www.theodysseyonline.com/technology-utopia-dystopia?sec=pop24&utm_expid=.53hHQ_sIS_GVYl9TPM4psw.1&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2F


 * http://blogs.iac.gatech.edu/yadystopia2017/2017/03/13/from-utopia-to-dystopia-technology-society-and-what-we-can-do-about-it/

LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 14:50, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Garza, Alejandro Garcia De La. “From Utopia to Dystopia: Technology, Society and What We Can Do About It.” OpenSecurity, 20 Dec. 2013.

Topic: Smart Cities, The Digital Divide and Elitism
This is the area I am looking to focus on for the collaborative essay- I think it will be interesting to look at the other side of the proposed 'utopia' of smart cities and examine how those who cannot afford to be 'always-on' are expected to exist within and support smart cities. This is especially important as many developing countries seem to be leaning towards smart cities as the way forward, despite the fact that they take away the necessity for many low-skilled jobs that a large percentage of the population rely upon to sustain their livelihood. Further, there are examples of those in agricultural work losing their land as a result of the expansion or creation of smart cities. I'll continue to post my research here as I work. Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 14:48, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

If you are looking for an overview of Smart Cities, I read this http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6740844&tag=1 when I was thinking about this topic. It may help to build your knowledge surrounding this topic! Dcg00003 (discuss • contribs) 20:53, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

@Dcg00003 thank you! The article gives such an excellent overview of all the ways in which a smart city can operate, which will hopefully inform my discussion about those who would be excluded from participating in smart city life Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 13:43, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

I found an interesting article, which I will link here with one paragraph in particular which seems to back up exactly some of the claims I am making about those who are disadvantaged by the development of Smart Cities:

"However, these new urban visions and development plans appear to disregard the fact that at the moment, the bulk of the population in sub-Saharan Africa cities is extremely poor and living in informal settlements. Some of these settlements are on well-located urban land that is also attractive to property developers. Attempts to implement these fantasy plans within existing cities will (and is already) having major exclusionary effects on vulnerable low-income groups through evictions and relocations. Moreover, these development interests bring with them a host of additional demands − for new and particular forms of urban infrastructure and for forms of governance and decision-making that facilitate the realization of property investment interests. Michael Goldman(5) has termed these processes “speculative urbanism”, drawing on the case of Bangalore where the main business of government has become that of land speculation and the dispossession of those living on land earmarked for private development."

This suggests that those living in areas of deprivation stand to be displaced as a result of the continuation of the development of smart cities, which then in turn do not offer them any benefits, rather excluding them further. There is definitely a sinister, dystopian element to this practice as the poor and disadvantaged are removed from their living spaces as a result of infrastructural development for an elite market, who seem to disregard the plight of those lower down on the class system.

The article also goes on to give the example of Luanda, the capital city of Angola, where people are being evicted from their homes and rehoused satellite cities, in replacement matchbox houses with no vital facilities and miles away from work opportunities. Alternatively, the government have created another satellite city with apartment blocks, creating themselves a ghost town situation as the living cost of the new accommodation is out of reach for those who have been displaced.

The full article is available here: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0956247813513705

Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 16:01, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

Reflectively looking at the research I have done so far I think it's important to make sure that I talk about how the IoT is creating these socio-economic impacts rather than discuss solely the impacts themselves- In order to do this I will need to clearly link how the digital divide affects the impoverished to why this excludes them from the benefits of a smart city. The book 'Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia' by Antony M. Townsend has a chapter called 'From Digital Divide to Digital Dilemma' and it is a fantastic source for highlighting the many complex ways in which a distance from technology can further disadvantage the impoverished. Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 19:25, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

In my research over the last few hours I've noticed an interesting pattern in some of the articles I've looked at where they explore how the digital divide is gendered - this also links in with an interesting point about displacement (which makes up a large part of my argument) in the city of Bangalore, that relates the issue of displacement to gender as well:

"In Bangalore, as elsewhere, many dispossessed landowners, especially women, found it very difficult to prove ownership, or were tenants with no claim to the land"

Combined with other articles which claim the digital divide is a gendered issue, such as "Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?" by Robert G Hollands:

"And while these economic hierarchies are not in dispute, urban feminists and multicultural theorists argue that they differentially impact on gendered and ethnic populations. For example, while the entrepreneurial smart city might cater for the small number of professional and creative females working in the IT sector, the majority of working women are left to service the largely male business city—waiting on, cleaning and servicing its dominant male make‐up."

And the article "Three big challenges for smart cities and how to solve them" from the website "The Conversation":

"The “digital divide” is also a gendered divide, and these divisions start within the home; they are the products of unequal access to education, resources, decision-making powers and technology between sons and daughters in families living in developing countries."

Offset against an article on the gendered nature of the digital divide, which can inform me more on why these issues exist and the root causes of them, "Gendering The Digital Divide" by Tracy Kennedy, Barry Wellman and Kristine Klement:

"The concentration here is on the gender divide. Internet studies need to get gendered. Female-male differences in Internet use do not just happen and they do have consequences. Understanding the gender divide should be grounded in an analysis that involves how gender is created and perpetuated"

These kinds of discussion would allow me to form an argument which places Smart Cities as a further creator of inequality, not only in wealth but in gender, and as already mentioned in the case of Western cities, in the inequality of ethnic minorities, which positions it as a true dystopia. Ahf00008 (discuss • contribs) 02:08, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Topic: Artificial Intelligence

 * https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/11/iot-wont-work-without-artificial-intelligence/


 * https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/communications/assets/pwc-ai-and-iot.pdf


 * http://www.gamingtechlaw.com/2016/11/compliance-2025-challenges.html

LaurenCC (discuss • contribs) 15:06, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/cybersecurity-ai-iot-internets/

Hi Lauren. I completely forgot to thank you for providing the links above. I actually used them during the initial stages of my research into the topic of AI, and should have posted here when I did. Two of the websites you suggested helped to form the the topic of job security, which I discussed in the final draft. Gaming Tech Law (*http://www.gamingtechlaw.com/2016/11/compliance-2025-challenges.html) and Price Waterhouse Coopers (*https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/communications/assets/pwc-ai-and-iot.pdf) both provided largely opposing points of view on the topic, which was beneficial to consider when attempting to reach a balanced conclusion. I also spent time looking into the potential cyber-security threat that AI can pose, starting with the link you suggested - Info Security Group (*https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/cybersecurity-ai-iot-internets/). Despite having enough sources to include a paragraph regarding cyber security, I unfortunately had to cut the topic in favour of another in the final draft. It's a shame, as it could have linked our individual sections together nicely. Thanks again ! RowanHarp1 (discuss • contribs) 22:49, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-05/south-korean-university-denies-killer-robots/9623874 Artificial Intelligence weaponry concerns, in the news today. The article itself emphasises that even experts in the field of AI are concerned regarding the future of the technology. RowanHarp1 (discuss • contribs) 17:57, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK
General Feedback
 * Essays of this standard attain the following grade descriptor for the collaborative essay. Whereas not all of the elements here will be directly relevant to your particular response to the brief, this will give you a clearer idea of how the grade you have been given relates to the standards and quality expected of work at this level (it’s worth noting that this work is right at the uppermost of the grade band and does not quite make it, although the potential is very clear):
 * Satisfactory. Among other things, satisfactory standard work may try to relate an idea from the module to an original example, but might not be very convincing. It may waste space on synopsis or description, rather than making a point. It may have spelling or grammatical errors and typos. It might not demonstrate more than a single quick pass at the assignment, informed only by lecture materials and/or cursory reading. It may suggest reading but not thinking (or indeed the reverse). The wiki markup formatting will need some work.

Specific Feedback:


 * You have submitted a highly original response to the brief. Here you outline a number of arguments that specifically address the theme of IoT, engaging with some of the more dystopian approaches to the phenomena. This work is, by its very nature, speculative, and in the arguments themselves you have been fairly careful in not overstating claims, and drawing from relevant research to outline the underlying issues. However, the claim for what your intentions are in the Introduction are ambitious and near-impossible to fulfil, and there are one or two points during the essay where you do come unstuck because you are making claims without really producing evidence or theory. I admire the audacity, but a simple rephrase of the parameters of the essay, as well as a moderation of some of your claims, would have fixed this problem. One example – you use Black Mirror as “a perfect example of how being completely immersed in the Internet of Things can create a dystopian society”, without fully acknowledging that this is a TV sf drama series, rather than an account of reality. The point is that it is a speculative extrapolation, rather than a representation. That said, overall the discussion of the research evidences a fairly detailed working knowledge of some relevant scholarship on your chosen topic.


 * The essay is written in a reflexive and fairly mature style. Your argument structure could do with a little work to fully integrate all of the sections, but there’s enough in here to see what you are trying to do. Some use of links and images which is useful (although there needed to be some checking for correct embedding for images). As an important note – signatures and timestamps appear on the essay page, but they do not belong there. Discussion pages fine, but it isn’t conventional for the book pages to include these, and it exacerbates the effect of having a somewhat disjointed integration between sections.


 * N.B.:Feedback for your Discussion, engagement and contribs elements for the assessment will be given on your individual User Discussion Pages. Grades for all work will communicated confidentially via Canvas.’’’

GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 11:52, 23 April 2018 (UTC)