Talk:Digital Media & Culture: Collaborative Essay Collection 2018/Always-on Culture/Research Question 2:/To what extent can we agree with dana boyd’s argument that we are always connected to the network?

Hi team Never Off!

This is the discussion page for collaborative essay. Use this pages to edit in discussions, decision making, project planning, and information sharing. Invite other groups to add to the discussion, and contribute to others. Ask for advice from others and share your knowledge. This builds contribs considerably.

You can leave notifications for other users by using the reply to template (as I've used in this notice). You can also use your own and each other's discussion pages, as well as the main discussion page on the general theme page. All of this adds to contribs, which are essential to getting a pass mark for this assessment. Don't be tempted to use social media group chat or other platforms to do this. It won't be marked and really misses the entire point of the wiki.

Don't forget to use the four tildes (~) to sign and date your contribution. Every edit you make whilst signed in is still traceable, but a signature makes it much easier to track and respond, and much less likely that the edit will be mis-recognised as spam or vandalism. However: don't sign your edits on the essay page - it looks messy and is unnecessary.

Good Luck!
 * GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 11:05, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Computer Lab 1: Group Never Off - Discussion Section
This is the discussion section for the collaborative essay of the group Never Off, consisting of the users: jfm00011, kab00094 kgr00003, Lauraf303, MaryCastoridae56. We will plan, organise, write, edit and finalise our essay here before we publish it in the Digital Media & Culture Collaborative Essay Collection 2018. Insert your content in the relevant section or create new and more adequate ones. Contributions by anyone are more than welcome. If you are amending someone’s post or make suggestions please use the Reply to Template to notify the author about your post. Please always sign your contributions. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:34, 5 March 2018 (UTC) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:02, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Please note that all contributions to the discussion section that state a date prior to the 8th of March 2018 were made on the main discussion page for the Digital Media & Culture: Collaborative Essay Collection 2018. To keep things organised the content has been copied and incorporated into this discussion page. All changes, additions, discussion and contributions relating directly to the collaborative essay made on and after the 8th of March 2018 are solely to be found and made on this discussion page. We apologise for any confusion or inconveniences and are looking forward to all contributions.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:02, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Topic and Essay Question
“It’s no longer about on or off really. It’s about living in a world where being networked to people and information wherever and whenever you need is just assumed. I may not be always-on the Internet as we think of it colloquially, but I am always connected to the network. And that’s what it means to be always-on.” dana boyd, 2012, pp. 71-72. To what extent do you agree with dana boyd’s argument that we are always connected to the network?

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:04, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Brain Storming
We will use this section to discuss arguments, content and pitch ideas to each other.

After getting feedback about our essay outline yesterday, it was suggested that we connect each paragraph well to each other. And (maybe in the conclusion), bring together how the topics converge? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:26, 10 March 2018 (UTC)


 * This is a great start. Keep it going guys - we need to see lots of discussion recorded here for you to amass "contribs" which are used to evaluate engagement.
 * also, you might want to look at tidying things up on this discussion page, and also, to start thinking about populating your essay page.GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 13:03, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Thank you for your comments and suggestions.

Do you have any ideas how we can reorganise our discussion page for it to be less cluttered?

I know that I have uploaded quite much content about the topic I am focussing on (disconnectivity). However, I thought it would be helpful to give you all of the (summarised) notes on the readings I did, as some information/ arguments might also be very useful for your topics as well.

Do you think we should maybe move the section of ‘unorganised reading notes’ to the end of the discussion page? (I do not want to make such a large edit to the layout without your consent as it might be confusing). If we do this we could use the ‘essay outline’ section purely for a bullet point type summary of each topic/ future paragraph. What are your thoughts?

Additionally, we should schedule a group meeting for next week with all members physically present. I would suggest Tuesday during the lab session in the computer lab room.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 16:47, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Thank you for helping us out, the amount youve managed to gather is impressive! That seems like it would make sense so it's not so busy at the top of the page and a bullet point system would be an easier way to be able to understand at first glance. I agree we should meet on Tuesday in the lab room just to make sure everyone is on the same page and if there is any confusion we can discuss and bounce ideas off each other. Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:46, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Thank you. I hope that some of the information I have put up will be helpful for you too. Especially as some of it is quite important and/ or interesting, however does not fit into the disconnectivity section. I will go ahead and re-edit the page, putting the unorganised bullet points of the readings at the very end of the discussion page.

Should we meet slightly earlier at 11am. Then we have two full hours to discuss the essay an possible questions or difficulties. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:05, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

I am free to meet then, however, is this not week 10 and if so how do we get access to a lab?Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 09:59, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Good question. Last time we met up the room was open. So I am assuming the room will be open tomorrow too. I tried booking a study room in the library but they are full. I would suggest meeting at the computer lab room, but bringing our own laptops just in case it is not open. Then we can try and find another quiet spot. See you tomorrow. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:41, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Cool, sounds like a good plan. See you tomorrow. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 12:05, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Suggestion about the layout - sorry this is a little late, just wanted to suggest that we should combine the "Essay Outline" and "Unorganised Reading Notes" sections for a more concise discussion page. It means there will be less repetition and give the page a neater look. Also, we could move the discussion in this section to the brain storming section so the beginning is less cluttered. If everyone is okay with this I will go ahead and make these changes. Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 11:36, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Hey, I think these changes sound good, and if we decided we do not like them we could always change it to something else or back to the original. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 12:30, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

I just uploaded my (suggested) paragraph on disconnectivity. If all of you upload yours in the next couple of days we will have plenty of time to edit and discuss how we bring it all other to one piece. This is also because we have to still write the introduction and conclusion as well as incorporate multimedia. What do you think? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:44, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi, I think this sounds like a good plan. I am working on my paragraph (Internet of Things) at the moment and will probably post it later today.Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 11:56, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Awesome. I am looking forward to reading your paragraph. Be sure to maybe at the end have a sentence or two that can function as a bridge to connectivity. That is what I did with my paragraph, which is followed by Dataveillance. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:10, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

IMPORTANT! We have decided that everyone will upload their paragraph suggestion by Thursday (22nd of March 2018) evening. This enables us to read through the main body of the essay and discuss changes, updates and edits. Good luck and success with your work! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:48, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Great- I'll make sure to post my paragraph up by then, shall we all read through each others by perhaps Friday evening and post suggestions over the weekend? This means we can use the first few days of the week to refine and work on our intro and conclusion before the due date on Thursday! Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 12:51, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

I am looking forward to your paragraph. Friday evening gives each of us a day to read over and make suggestions. How should we organise the comments? should each sub-section of the main body get a comment-section or should we just make ONE comment section for the entire 'Paragraph Suggestions' sections?

Additionally should we set a date a couple of days before the main deadline for our essay to be ready? This gives us some time to make last changes and add multimedia to the essay. Also the edit of the references/ bibliography might take some time. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 13:08, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

I think Friday evening sounds like a good time frame. If our essay is due on the Thursday, we should maybe try and have it finished for the Tuesday to give a day or so to refine and ensure that it's all a-ok. 80.44.127.114 (discuss) 15:20, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Tuesday sounds like a good day to get everything up and done. Are you maybe available on the Tuesday to meet up again? I believe the final touches might be easier discussed in person (and then documented here on the discussion page). MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 18:50, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

CHANGES Hi everyone, I have made the following changes to the layout of the page. As you will see, there is no longer a "Unorganised Reading Notes" section, instead please post any notes in the "Essay Outline" section. This change means you no longer have to jump around the page for all of the notes, and they are all under the one heading. In addition to this, all references will go in the "Academic Reading" section under the appropriate subheading. We can create a final bibliography for the official page, but for the mean time it seemed unnecessary to have two sections just for references. Any reference that was in the bibliography section but not the academic reading section I have copied over, so there is no need to worry that anything has been lost. The "Paragraph Suggestions" section remains the same, and "Multimedia Suggestions" has been moved to the first section along with any discussion. I understand that these changes may have effected some notes, however it streamlines the page and gets rid of any unnecessary clutter and confusion. I hope you are happy with the changes I have made, if not I have a copy of the original page and we can revert to that. Suggestions for any other changes are welcome, thanks! Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 14:16, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

All the changes look good to me! I like that it seems more streamlined now in terms of where everything is, I think it makes the page look slightly less cluttered so thanks for doing this for us! Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 14:34, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

} Thank you for re-organising our discussion page. I believe it is much more organised now. As far as I can see none of my notes have been lost either. Thank you. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 18:50, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Hey, I know it's maybe not 100% linked to the paragraphs everyone is doing but I found it quite interesting nonetheless, its about the whole thing that has come about with facebook over the past few days. I thought it was pretty interesting to see the campaign that and hashtag going about '#deletefacebook' but I don't know if this is all that helpful to situations as surely facebook already have all this information captured about you already. Anyway, heres a link to the video, let me know if you guys have any thoughts on it. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/newsbeat-43501075/facebook-data-what-the-social-media-giant-knows-about-you Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 14:50, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Thanks Laura, that sounds really interesting I'll definitely check it out! I'm afraid my paragraph draft will be late, I'll put it up tomorrow afternoon. Super sorry about this, due to outside circumstances, but it'll be up tomorrow! Hope this is okay with you all. Thanks guys! Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 21:27, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Don't worry about it, I'm a little bit in the same boat- haven't managed to quite get as much done as I had perhaps wanted to so didn't want to post an unfinished paragraph. I've got a thing with my work during the day but will definitely get it posted later this evening! We're still a few days from the due date so hopefully we'll be all good! Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 05:56, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Slight amendment to my last post- I have uploaded my not quite finished paragraph for the time being. Will upload finished paragraph by later on today. It's currently sitting just under 300 words so less than half of it still to go at this stage. Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 06:37, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi everyone.

Thank you, for uploading your paragraph. I will give it a read in due course and leave my comments and suggestions beneath your paragraph.

No worries,. I will check out what you have uploaded to far and also comment. Maybe those are helpful for the second half of your paragraph. Also, the article you suggested is very interesting. We most likely cant incorporate it into the essay, but we could maybe link to it in a ‘current news’ section or something. This would show more engagement with the possibilities of the Wiki-MarkUp and provide a very contemporary example?

Do not worry either. As said we still have a few days.

Your paragraph is still missing too. Will you be able to upload by this evening?

Additionally, I am on work placement most day tomorrow so if you upload your paragraphs tomorrow, I, personally, will not be able to read through them before tomorrow evening. Apologies for that.

Lastly, how about that meeting on Tuesday? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:26, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Do we go back to normal seminars on Tuesday? Because if so a few of us won’t be available 11-1pm. Obviously then there’s the lecture straight afterwards for Understanding Audiences as well. So perhaps Tuesday isn’t all that doable after all? Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 10:14, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Oh yes good point. My workshop is Thursdays so I would have been available on Tuesday 11-1. I could meet Monday or 9-11am, 3-6pm on Tuesday. When is everyone free? ( {{reply to|jfm00011}) I think even if it is just an hour meeting up in person would be very useful for the final touches to the essay. But should not be done later than Tuesday evening. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:34, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Thanks for understanding, I'm getting on with it now! I won't be able to meet on Tuesday as I have class and working all afternoon but Monday will be fine for me as I'm free all day bar a lecture (which can be skipped if need be in order to meet). Hope you all have a lovely day today. Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 11:00, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Hey, I agree that it would be a good idea to have another meeting, I have classes on Tuesday 1 to 5, but am free the rest of the day or I am free Monday between 11 and 4, if that is easier for everyone else. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 11:03, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

I annoying would only be available between 4-6 on Monday evening. I can't be at uni any longer on Tuesday really because my regular dog walker is on holiday so I need to be at home for him. I also teach piano/guitar on a Monday during the day so can't do then! Sorry to be a huge inconvenience! Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 11:35, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Sadly I just got another appointment on Monday 4-5pm. So I cannot do then either. And Monday before 11am or Tuesday before 11 does not work for anyone? I know it is early but I am not free until Wednesday evening again which is too late for meeting. I cannot do Sunday unfortunately either. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:09, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi, sorry for the late reply! I should be able to get my paragraph up later tonight, sorry about the delay. As for meeting up, I'm completely free on Mondays and Tuesday mornings until 11 and in the afternoon after the Understanding Audiences lecture. Hope that helps. Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 14:49, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

I will be looking forward to your paragaph. Will either Monday before 11am or Tueday before 11am work for you? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 15:07, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

I have an appointment at 9 on Monday, but I could meet after that, it hopefully will not take long or I could meet before 11 on Tuesday. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 15:40, 23 March 2018 (UTC)


 * Hi everyone. We will be meeting on Tueday 27th of February at 10am in Group Study Room 10 in the Library to finalise our essay in person. See you there. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 18:03, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Important Question: Hello everyone,. I am just wondering when your finalised paragraphs will be uploaded? I am really conscious of the deadline in just  four days ! We still have to bring it all together and write and introduction and conclusion, add multi media and references. Also, be aware that I commented on all of your paragraphs! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 07:47, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi, sorry I didn't get a chance to share my updated paragraph, this weekend was busier than I expected it to be. I'll have the new version up at some point today. Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 08:46, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

IMPORTANT:    Ok I just did a quick audit of what we still have to do and what we have already done: MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:42, 26 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Content wise the following sections are done and good to go and be uploaded to the main book (I would say)
 * Definitions BUT missing the Wiki MarkUp references
 * Internet of Things BUT missingthe Wiki MarkUp references
 * Disconnectivity
 * These still have to be finalised or written:
 * Introduction (I am hoping to have a draft done of this soon)
 * Connectivity
 * Dataveillance
 * Conclusion (I am hoping to have a draft of this done soon too)
 * Other things:
 * We have a cartoon for the Internet of Things and surveillance cameras for Dataveillance as well as a switch we might use
 * We should look for multi media of Connectivity and Disconnectivity!!

UPDATE: I firstly uploaded the first few paragraphs to the book page. I am also MISSING the sources for Herman and Walker, Evans and Reynolds!!! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:49, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

hey, I have added the sources for Evans and Reynolds to the book page and the 2nd draft. I also think that the book page is looking good. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 12:02, 26 March 2018 (UTC)


 * Yes thank you I saw. I slightly amended the reference to be in line with all the other references too. Thank you.

your paragraph is still missing!! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:14, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

UPDATE: We are now only missing the Dataveillance paragraph, the Herman and Walker source and some more multimedia. AND of course we should all read through the entire book and suggest any changes here on the discussion page!! Good work guys! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs)

UPDATE: the Dataveillance section is edited and on the book. We only need to add the pictre. BUT there is one source MISSING can you comment below here the wackefield source? Thank you. See you all tomorrow. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:49, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

So it is, good spotting! This should be it here- Wakefield, J. (2018). Is leaving Facebook the only way to protect your data?. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-43469656, as I said before I definitely can't make it tomorrow but if I can make any contributions in any other way or if there is anything else needing done then let me know! Hope it goes well anyway Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 22:07, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Thanks. I have added it to your paragraph. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:25, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Visitor Comments
If you have a question or suggestion, but do not know which section to best put it under, you can use this section. Please to leave a comment, we would love some feedback and suggestions!

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:08, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi team Never Off @MaryCastoridae56: @Kab00094: @Lauraf303: @Jfm00011: @Kgr00003: Hope you are doing well with your page, I see you have already posted. My group name is team 'Fact or Fiction' and @MaryCastoridae56 has already left a good luck message. Thus, we wanted to return the favour. I'll be back to hopefully give you all some ideas. However, I'm trying to find my bearings on my own group page. Speak soon! MTxPrincipessa18 (discuss • contribs) 20:50, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi team Never Off Hope you are all well! My group is VCSI and we are also focusing our essay on always on culture. I was looking at past wiki projects from this module and found this one which is very extensive and covers a lot of the topics and concepts which are probably useful for both of our groups. If you're ever stuck on what to do, this might be a good guide! Good luck!

Thank you, unknown user, from group VCSI, the source is very useful. Remember to sign your posts in the future. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 15:02, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Hi    I'm the unknown user from group VCSI. I was wondering how you insert pictures as I noticed you have done it in your essay. We're having a bit of trouble figuring it out!

Ilmurray (discuss • contribs) 17:08, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Hello

Thank you for your comment and clarifying your identity. Inserting images is quite tricky. Firstly, I would advise checking out the Using Wikibooks (tips, hints and hacks): Basics for some tips on multi-media and for more information refer to the Using Wikibooks: Inserting Images page. Secondly, my tip is to make sure that you have enough time left to search for mutli-media as finding good ones that are free to use can be very tricky. For a more detailed comment refer to the Visitors section on the discussion page of the group Digital Dancers here.

I hope you find this useful. If you need any more advice, like for example how to use the tricky Wiki MarkUp referencing system, do not hesitate to to contact us again. Make sure to use the reply to function to give everyone a notification and we will hopefully be able to answer and help quickly.

Lastly, do you have a link to your essay book and discussion page? I am very interested in checking out your question and ideas. I hope you are progressing well. Good luck with finding multi-media and the further work on your essay. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:52, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

Hello

Thank you for the tips, your help is very much appreciated. It took a lot of time but we managed to figure out how to insert images into our essay eventually!

And to answer your question, our collaborative essay can be found here. I hope your essay has gone well, I'm looking forward to reading it!

Ilmurray (discuss • contribs) 21:51, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

Hello !

Thank you for providing the link to your essay. I will go and check it out next thing. I am also very pleased to hear that you figured out how to insert pictures, I bet it was quite the relief.

Our essay is going very well thank you. We have finished it nearly a week ago now but I go back and find small things to adjust nearly every day. We would be delighted if you could give it a read, especially as you are dealing with Always-on Culture as well!

Good luck with your work! MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:03, 2 April 2018 (UTC)

Hi team Never Off! ,, , ,

I have had a quick read through your book and I must say I am quite impressed by your layout and structure of the essay. I think you expressed your views on 'Always-On' culture in some depth. I especially liked the fact that you had a specific section dedicated to the definitions of the terms that you were highlighting with relevance to your essay topic. It is good that you explored the various viewpoints in relation to Dana Boyd's argument and I believe that you create a strong response to the question that you raise. I was wondering if you could give my group Digital Dancers any tips on how to add in content such as pictures as we haven't figured this out quite yet? Thank in advance for any help you can offer to us and well done for completing your book!

Sincerely, my group Digital Dancers: @Amm00137, @JoshCoates12, @Eam00024, @Ekm00007 Amm00137 (discuss • contribs) 11:11, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

Hello and your group Digital Dancers, , !

Thank you for leaving a comment in our Visitor’s section. On behalf of my entire group I can say that we are all pleased to hear that you like our essay regarding content and layout. I have visited your discussion page and your essay is coming along very well too and looks really promising as well.

Regarding your question about inserting images and such. I have left some, hopefully useful, advice on your discussion page here. But as multi-media, especially in combination with referencing and user rights are quite tricky, feel free to give us a notice if we can help you out anymore. Make sure to use the reply to Wiki MarkUp so we all get notified.

Thank you for your visit and comment. Good luck with your essay. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:52, 1 April 2018 (UTC) on behalf of Group NeverOff, , ,

Hey , Thanks for the feedback on our collaborative essay, it's really appreciated! It's good to hear that you like the structure of it and that you find our input on dana boyd's work interesting, I think her work is really relevant and it has been interesting for me to be able to look further into through the process of this essay. I see your query about adding multimedia has already been answered so I hope that you're now able to take utilise that part of the wikibook. I'll have a look at how your essay page is coming along, thank you for providing us with the link to it, I'll leave any comments or feedback that I have somewhere on your page but I'm sure that is going to be a good essay. Good luck to yourself and the rest of your group over the next few days before the deadline for getting everything all finished up! Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 04:26, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

I have to say it is well organized, well thought out and easy to read. Job well done!!! Celine Hunt (discuss • contribs) 18:07, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Hey team just wanted to say a big well done, I think we've all done massively well. Good luck to you all!MTxPrincipessa18 (discuss • contribs) 10:57, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Helpful tips
How to reference usingthe Wiki MarkUp and the APA system.

Firstly, I have spoken to Greg and we do not need to add a separate alphabetical bibliography. The Wiki MarkUp Reference List will suffice. To keep everything the same and streamlined we will have in-text and the text of each iten of the reference in the APA referencing system however. Secondly, here is how you reference with the Wiki MarkUp: You have your in-text citation, e.g. (Miller, 2018, p. 3). Immediately behind the bracket (or full stop, if the reference is at the end of the sentence) you put < ref name= Author surname Year >. This starts the reference. You then add your APA style reference. If it is an electronic reference (ebook, ejournal, website etc.) you do not however, but the weblink at the end. Instead use the ' [ weblink ] ' option to have the book title (also the book title if you are only referencing a chapter/ section from a book) for an ebook, Doi (or if there is no doi the Journal Name) for ejournals, and the website description for websites as an hyperlink. To end the reference you put < / ref >. So as an example: < ref name=Miller2018 > to start. Your APA citation of the ebook, e.g. Miller, M. (2018). [ weblink A fictious book.] London: Publisher. And then   to end the reference. If you use the same reference again you now simply have to put name= Author surname Year between < ref and />  right behind your citation. so e.g.  

To get a reference section you simply create a new subsection and beneath it type Reflist in between  and with the wonders of the Wiki MarkUp a chronological hyperlinked reference list is created.

Note: to not accidentally create references there are way more spaces within the Wiki MarkUp for referencing. To see a real reference either go to the editing section of the paragraph suggestions

If you need more advice on how to reference with the Wiki MarkUp refer to this Wikipedia page: Referencing for Beginners

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:55, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Other useful advice on references.

If you are referencing a website that does not have an author you do it like this: Website name. (Year). [ weblink | Website description.] Retrieved day/month, year. e.g. BBC News. (2018). [ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news | BBC News ] Retrieved 26/03, 2018

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:55, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Multimedia suggestions
This section can be used to share media such as images, videos, podcasts (etc.) that could be useful for audio-visual contributions to the essay. Please do not forget to include sources here too.

This picture is a simple switch but since it has the words on and off on it, I thought it might be a good picture to break our essay up a bit. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:55, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2013/11/21/16-billion-people-on-social-networks-study/ This can be a useful image to illustrate the connectivity point of our essay as it shows that everyone all over the world is connected through their online accounts and personas, likes, shares, retweets, messaging, video etc. Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 13:29, 18 March 2018 (UTC)


 * It is a really nice image but since it is not from Wiki Commons I am not sure whether we can use it or not. I would rather play it safe and only go with Wiki Commons Multi Media. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:06, 25 March 2018 (UTC)



I found this cartoon for the Internet of Things. It might be useful to put it within the Internet of Things section of our essay. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:06, 25 March 2018 (UTC)



This could be used for the dataveillance section maybe? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:21, 25 March 2018 (UTC)



A picture of dana boyd for the top of our essay? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:44, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Essay Outline
This section is to show the structure of the essay. You should use it for any notes from readings, and anything of relevance to your chosen subject. Do not forget to reference thoughts and sections that are not your own in the APA referencing system and to include page numbers. Structure:

Definitions
Important: these are an unorganised collection of notes from the academic resources. Outline of the paragraph yet to follow.

boyd (2012): Participating in the always-on lifestyle
 * always-on: people and information are networked together: whenever and wherever p. 71

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:15, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

This section to include brief descriptions of the 4 main issues dealt with in the essay in order to establish a solid base for the essay to start off from. What Always-On culture is and how it is a meaningful topic to study. Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 11:12, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Basic Notes

Always-On

"Always-On/Always-On-Us communications devices" Turkle, The Tethered Self, (2006), p2

Communicate constantly

Public Spaces - 'tethered' to technlogies

"Train station is no longer a communal space (...) tethered selves come together but do not speak (...) each person at the station is more likely to be having an encounter with someone miles away rather than the person in the next chair." Turkle, The Tethered Self, (2006), p3

Always-On is about the amount of time spent online throughout our day-to-day lives

"The online is always just around the corner" Boyd, Participating in the Always-On lifestyle, p71

always "connected to the network" Boyd, p.72

Always-On is the study of online advances and how it is infiltrating our lives more and more in many aspects

Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 13:32, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

The quote (for the essay question) and two sections of our essay focus on connection (or lack thereof) to others via the (online) network. I think this should be reflected (more) strongly in our definition or always-on culture. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 16:31, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Of course, I was just trying to get some general definition down to kick off my section and to get used to working on this page. I aim to get a basic definition of each part of the essay myself and then link back to our quote/question. I will look at connectivity and disconnectivity and get a more indepth definition for both of them over the others if that is what you are looking for? Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:42, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

The general definitions you have up so far look really good already. Your structure of giving basic definitions that you then link back to the quote/ essay question seems like a well thought through and good approach. I have uploaded quite extensive notes summarising the readings that I did for dysconnectivity. I hope you find these, as well as the short definition I put into this section already, helpful. Albeit unorganised they contain all (and much more) of the relevant information for the paragraph on disconnectivity. If you need any help with the Wiki MarkUp or if there are other uncertainties do not hesitate to ask. Hope this clears things up? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 13:59, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Internet-of-Things

"The IoT describes many uses and processes that result from giving a network address to a thing and fitting it with sensors (...) gain new capabilities" (Bunz and Meikle, p.10)

p.11 from Bunz and Meikle

Turn on lights, count steps "controversial technology" - Siri or Alexa, conservational tech How things can be enabled to sense locations through GPS etc Sensors, lasers, cameras - identify what they're seeing, tracking things such as health

Through "addressing, seeing, tracking, IoT has become more than a simple internet - connected device" (Bunz and Meikle p.12)

How advances in technology are created to 'enhance' our lives, good or bad? Connection to Always-On culture through constant connection to technology

Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 13:57, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

 Disconnectivity 
 * Conscious disavowal/non-consumption: non-users: can often encompass more than just digital media platforms (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042/4)
 * Conscious decision to remove or not use media platform (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1171)
 * However, awareness that not all non-use is refusal: e.g. media unawareness (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042)
 * Usually of social, cultural, economic, or political nature (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042, Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10, Lovink, 2011, p.24)

Disconnectivity is the conscious non-use or non-participation of certain types of (digital) media platforms or activities. This disavowal is often politically motivated.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 16:37, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Connectivity

"For a new generation, mediated connectivity basic to their identity." James and Steger, 2016 "Interpersonal relationships conducted through digital communications" Athique, 2013

-Constantly connected to each other, not just physically and mentally, but digitally

-At events, mobiles used to share information and news that is up to date and constant content as CNN was found to be an insufficient supplier of updates, "digitally enabled citizens" (Papacharissi, 2010)

"After basic needs of survival (...) need to connect with others becomes one of primary concern." (Hermann and Walker, 2005)

-Feel the need to belong and to be constantly connected to the world through our phones, constantly connected to the network and the desire to be. Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 11:21, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

DataVeillance

To do with privacy, information collection

"Systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitering of the actions or communications of one or more persons" Roger Clarke, 1998 Automated systems which means more individuals and larger populations can be monitered

Can be used to help country protection

"Data can now be captured, stored, processed and accessed readily and economically, even when users are physically dispersed" Roger Clarke, 1998

Cheap - don't have to manually collect Issue that people may be unaware of - Always-On and always sharing through this Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 11:23, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Internet of Things
Share of new cars sold that are connected to the Internet worldwide from 2015 to 2025:
 * 35% - 2015
 * 98% - 2020
 * 100% - 2025
 * Idea behind cars with internet connection to improve driver experience through apps that help, advise and entertain.

Data sent from connected cars:
 * Experts believe in the future connected cars will send 25 GB of data every hour to cloud, 130 TB per car in a year.
 * Also this amount of data, too much for traditional approaches to data management.

Six internet of things devices that really shouldn't exist:
 * Salt shaker, bins, toaster, thermometer, fridge egg tray, mirror.

IoTList:
 * Can get a IoT enabled version of almost anything
 * Examples include smart herb garden; smart portable fish finder; Luna: smart bed. (It intelligently manages your bed temperature, tracks sleep, and makes your bed smart.); Bluetooth enabled footwear; etc.

The verge, Alexa:
 * Unprompted laughter or laughing at wrong time.
 * creepy laugh
 * Amazon changing command, different laugh Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 15:48, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

The Internet of Things, Bunz and Meikle:
 * Introduction, pp.10-13
 * some Internet of Things devices have single skills, for example, turning on or off lights, counting steps etc. Some have multiple  skills, for example, connected cars or smartphones etc. pp.10.
 * Not just about networked sensors, about how things gain new skills, shown through new types of communication, for example, conversational technology Siri and Alexa. pp.10.


 * Chapter 1, First Things, pp.14-25:
 * “Since 2008, internet-connected things have outnumbered the worlds human population (Pew Research Venter 2014:2)” pp.15.
 * “According to tech firm Gartner (2017), 8.4 billion networked things were in use by 2017, an increase of 31 per cent on the year before. The European Commission (2016:2) estimates that more than 26 billion things will be connected by 2020. A widely cited report by Cisco goes further and claims that 50 billion devices will be connected to the internet by 2020 (Evans 2011:3; also see Pew Research centre 2017:41)” pp.15. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 15:50, 16 March 2018 (UTC)


 * Smart Cities: The Internet of Things, people and systems, Dustdar S., Nastić S., Šćekić O. 2017:
 * “believe that recent technological advances will enable us to share the so-far centralised decision-making and planning responsibilities directly with various stakeholders, allowing faster and better-tailored responses of the city to various stakeholder needs.” pp.4
 * Technology and principles from IoT and social computing domains “They allow the city to interact bidirectionally with various IoT edge devices and sensors, but also to actively engage citizens and other stakeholders to preform concrete tasks in the physical world, express opinions and preferences, and take decisions.” pp.4
 * Infrastructural values, more than just technology, smart cities relies on interplay between people and IoT enabled infrastructure. pp.4
 * Involves citizens in the city, for example, in decisions about road closures, easier or cheaper tests; global warming; political decisions; empowerment through technology, citizens can be involved, “educated, consulted and ultimately incentivised or paid to perform specific tasks in both the digital and physical environment is a powerful concept bringing along a plethora of socially significant changes.” pp.5
 * Business values, “social orchestration and negotiation, and incentivisation provides a number of solutions for facilitating formation of collectives (groups/teams etc.) of citizens, provisioning of necessary software support tools and digital infrastructure, algorithms for reaching agreement and” planning tasks, compensation (money/ non-money) for people who help. pp.6
 * Citizens can have active input to infrasture as well as their physical and cognitive skills and ideas. pp.6
 * Argues positives to smart cities based on architecture of values involved city services, stakeholders and their smart devices. Puts citizens first and promotes citizens active involvement. pp.14. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 13:18, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 13:11, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Disconnectivity
IMPORTANT: These notes have been transferred from the Essay Outline section to this section to keep the discussion page better organised. The transfer did not include changes to the notes (up until and including 18th of March 2018). A detailed outline for the disconnectivity paragraph can be found in the Essay Outline Section. Thanks. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:25, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Important: these are an unorganised collection of notes from the academic resources. Outline of the paragraph yet to follow.

Turkle (2011): Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other
 * Technology becomes substitution for the real p. 1
 * Face to face conversations have become impractical p. 13
 * Technology has developed into a phantom limb p. 17
 * Life and velocity of life (with the emergence of digital age) is overwhelming p. 17
 * Being online creates absence from physical surroundings p. 155
 * Multitasking, that often occurs with digital connectivity, is not efficient p. 163
 * If not online: isolation and abandonment fears p. 178
 * We rarely have others full attention p. 280

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:21, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

Hesselberth (2017): Discourses on disconnectivity and the right to disconnect
 * Reasons for disconnectivity:
 * Concerns about (unpaid) digital labour p. 2
 * Unease with constant availability in a ubiquitous environment of connected media devices p. 2
 * Desire or need to disconnect p. 2
 * Digital exclusion of non-users, might be due to cognitive or ideological reasons, technophobia or non-acceptance of media platform/device p. 3
 * Domestication of digital technology p. 3
 * Social qualities have large influences over type of disconnection: varying degrees of agency p. 4
 * Disengagement rarely total: medium, place and purpose specific p. 4
 * Self-monitoring to resist temptation of media: media resistance p. 6
 * Conscious disavowal of media: media refusal p. 8
 * Critical reception of digital technology: media disruption p. 9-10
 * Concern about implications of mass online connectivity: detrimental social political or cultural-economic p.10

James (2014): Disconnected: Youth, new media, and the ethics gap
 * Higher stakes for offenses online p. 2
 * World of fragile privacy p. 2
 * Publicity: weapon for mockery, humiliation, punishment p. 2
 * Contesting of ownership p. 2
 * Anonymity to spread cruelty p. 2
 * Consequence thinking: consideration [of] the potential consequences for oneself of a particular action p. 6
 * Moral thinking: knowing others, empathetic perspective p. 6
 * Ethical thinking: distant individuals/ integrity of entire community p. 7
 * Favouring of self-interest at expanse of others p. 9
 * Carr: digital technologies change how we think and what we think about: scattered and shallow thinking p. 12
 * Lanier: lock in of thinking and action, implications for sense of humanity p. 27
 * Gardner, Davis: Excessive dependence can undercut development of healthy identities, relationships + creativity capacity p. 12
 * Silverstone: distancing between ourselves an people online: alters/ widens sense of responsibility p. 12
 * Turkle: interactions reduced to text messages p. 13
 * Loss of ability to develop sense of autonomy p. 13
 * Blurring online and offline lives p. 14
 * Turkle: online no time for complicated problems p. 14
 * Concern about local and global consequences (often hidden) of civil, cruel + harmful conduct that is common/ routine online p. 21
 * General lack of attention to moral + ethical concerns, compared to personal safety issues p. 21

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:07, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Jenkins (2014): Foreword: What were we thinking?
 * Do new media platforms make us better or worse? P. xiii
 * Online world: neither ideal nor hell p. xiv
 * We think less than we should about consequences p. xiv
 * Disconnection forms:
 * Do not participate in online social interactions p. xiv
 * Some do not see connection between online and offline p. xiv
 * Could become instrument of tyranny p. xvi
 * Online antisocial behaviour p. xvi
 * Web has become routinized p. xxiii
 * Too few opportunities to reflect together on the world p. xxiii
 * More people use platforms: harder to communicate p. xxiii
 * Harder to rely on values that we carry in our offline lives p. xxiii
 * Online: amplifies communications: greater possibility to inflict lasting and highly visible harm p. xxiii

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:07, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Light & Cassidy (2014): Strategies for the suspension and prevention of connection: Rendering disconnection as socioeconomic lubricant with Facebook.
 * Issues for non-users: digital exclusion or divide p. 1171
 * Reason for disconnectivity sometimes simply lack of interest p. 1171
 * Digital Abstention: conscious decision to remove or not use media platform (Facebook) p. 1171
 * Sometimes also called digital suicide: complete disconnection is a necessity p. 1171
 * Disconnection due to media overload p. 1173
 * Disconnectivity enables connectivity in offline or real life settings p. 1173
 * Focus on social bonds p. 1177
 * Privacy plays into decision of disconnecting p. 1175

Lovink (2011): Networks without a cause: A critique if social media
 * Participation online: tensions and conflicts p. 1
 * Increasing violations of privacy: Google and Facebook p. 1
 * Culture as culture of detached engagement p. 2
 * (one of the) defining features of the Internet: speed p. 8
 * Carr: effect of dumbing us down p. 9
 * Amount of information is overwhelming and can dictate our world view p. 9
 * The Internet as ever changing and fluid p. 11
 * Supposed real-time (for interactions) only relative p. 12
 * Connectivity and technology have become invisible in everyday life p. 13
 * Data-mining without concern for semi-private, but mostly public self presentation p. 13
 * Machine constantly wants to know what is going on: demand for attention p. 13
 * Increased reality in virtual space p. 13
 * Dealing with increasing media influence over life: self-management and techno-sculpting p. 13
 * Online presences forces us to be ourselves: cannot have alternate identity p. 13
 * Communication and media have become not only opportunity but necessities p.24
 * Disconnection as political p. 24
 * Need to compensate online sensory overload with quality offline time p. 24
 * Must become strong enough to switch off, achievable through training, education and self-restraint p. 28
 * Disconnection is not in fashion p. 28
 * Online connectivity to take the architecture of our social networks into our own hands p. 31
 * Knowing a lot about others but nothing of self: loss of self? p. 33
 * Hyping up of individualisation p. 34

McChesney (2013): Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turning the internet against democracy
 * Importance of capitalism domestication the internet p. xii-xiii
 * Media and communication systems affect political and social power in society: forces for or against democracy and successful self-government? P. 64
 * Government policies: foundational role of establishing media systems p. 64
 * Policy issues to put the internet on a different trajectory: p. 216
 * Establishing more media literacy p. 216
 * Stricter regulation of advertisement p. 216
 * Expansion of non-profit broadcast sector p. 216
 * Regulation of digital ‘natural monopolies’ p. 216
 * Net neutrality: no censorship of or discrimination against legal digital activities p. 217
 * Online privacy regulation p. 217
 * Barriers against militarisation of the internet and use of warrantless surveillance p. 217

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:07, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Portwood-Stacer (2013): Media refusal and conspicuous non-consumption: The performative and political dimensions of Facebook abstention
 * Many sacrifice online relationship due to political reasons p. 1042
 * Facebooks as a performative act and lifestyle practice p. 1042
 * Media refusal: conscious disavowal: non-users p. 1042
 * Can but does not always encompass many types of (digital) media, i.e. television and mobile phones p. 1042
 * Tactic of critique, objection, dissatisfaction towards media platforms p. 1043
 * Consumer activism p. 1043
 * Destruction of culture/ elitism: conspicuous non-consumption p. 1044
 * Moral Values, political objections and elite taste p. 1052
 * Sometimes complete lack of communication is the consequence p. 1052

Suler (2005): The online disinhibition effect
 * Behaviour online is disinhibited, can be benign or toxic p. 184
 * Benign: to better understand ourselves p. 184
 * Toxic: explore new parts of the identity p. 184
 * Identity can be (up to completely) hidden online: Dissociative anonymity p. 184
 * Detaches action from in-person interaction p. 185
 * Less vulnerable about self-disclosure: compartmentalisation p. 185
 * Online invisibility p. 185
 * Do not need to worry about looks or sounds p. 185
 * Asynchronicity p. 185
 * Internet does not require an immediate reaction: feedback loop p. 185
 * Alteration of self-boundaries: Solipsistic Introjection p. 186
 * Merging of minds of self and person online p. 186
 * Creation of fantasy role p. 186
 * Easy to dissociate from what is happening online p. 186
 * Cyberspace in a different space p. 187
 * Separate from the demands of the physical world p. 187
 * Online: fiction, offline: fact p. 187
 * Difficulties of differences between personal fantasies and social realities p. 187
 * Reduced impact of authority and status p. 187
 * More peer like environment p. 187
 * Individual Differences shape level of disinhibition p. 188

Fuchs (2017): Social Media: A critical introduction
 * Exploitation and surveillance of digital labour p. 145
 * Forms of labour, not limited to unpaid user labour: user labour, wage labour, slave like labour p. 145
 * Global interconnected processes of exploitation p. 148
 * Importance of international organisation of the working class in struggles against exploitation p. 149
 * Racist mode of production p. 149
 * Corporate Internet requires playbour and toil for existence p. 149

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:55, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:08, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

IMPORTANT EDIT/ UDPATE: If you are looking for the unorganised notes on the reading on disconnectivity please refer to the end of the page. All (unorganised notes) content up to and including the 18th of March 2018 has been transferred (without changes) to the Unorganised Reading Notes section. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:18, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Detailed and organised outline for the paragraph on dysconnectivity to follow shortly. Thanks. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 14:26, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Disconnectivity suggested paragraph outline: MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 13:28, 19 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Differentiation between media abstention, rejection and refusal
 * Media abstention: conscious decision to remove or not use media platform (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1171)
 * Can be due to lack of interest (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1171)
 * Media rejection: rejecting media platform or brand: part of media refusal (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1402)
 * Media refusal: conscious disavowal/non-consumption: non-users: can often encompass more than just digital media platforms (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042/4)
 * However awareness that not all non-use is refusal: e.g. media unawareness (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042)
 * Reasons for media refusal:
 * Usually of social, cultural, economic, or political nature (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042, Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10, Lovink, 2011, p.24)
 * Psychological: Differences in behaviour in the online environment (Suler 2005)
 * Toxic disinhibition (Suler, 2005, p. 184)
 * Potential for anonymity (Suler, 2005, p. 184): can spread cruelty (James, 2014, p. 2)
 * Asynchronous interaction (Suler, 2005, p. 185): Turkle: online no time for complicated problems (James, 2014, p. 14)
 * Social: offline/ real life relationships suffer due to online connectivity (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1177, Turkle, 2011, p. 155)
 * Focus on real life social bonds (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1173) as we rarely have others full attention (Turkle, 2011, p. 280) and detached engagement (Lovink, 2011, p.2)
 * Turkle: interactions reduced to text messages (James, 2014, p. 13)
 * Supposed real-time (for interactions) only relative (Lovink, 2011 p. 12)
 * Cultural:
 * Privacy plays into disconnection (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1175)
 * Carr: dumbing down effect (Lovink, 2011, p. 9)
 * Favouring of self-interest at expanse of others (James, 2014, p. 9)
 * Harder to rely on values that we carry in our offline lives (Jenkins, 2014, p. xxiii)
 * Economic: Free/ unpaid labour (Fuchs, 2017)
 * Corporate Internet requires playbour and toil for existence (Fuchs, 2017, p. 149)
 * Forms of labour, not limited to unpaid user labour: user labour, wage labour, slave like labour (Fuchs, 2017, p. 145)
 * Awareness of global interconnected processes of exploitation (Fuchs, 2017, p. 148) and racist mode of production (Fuchs, 2017, p. 149)
 * Importance of capitalism domestication the internet (McChesney, 2013, p. xii-xiii)
 * Political:
 * Consumer activism (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1043)
 * Government policies: foundational role of establishing media systems (McChesney, 2013, p. 64)
 * Moral Values, political objections (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1052)
 * Concern about consequences of mass connectivity: surveillance fear (Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10, Fuchs, 2017, p. 145)
 * Exploitation and surveillance of digital labour (Fuchs, 2017, p. 145)

NOTE:     Firstly, I am not sure if these definitions (first section of my suggested paragraph) might not belong into the Definitions paragraphs of the essay. It might split up the flow of the essay though. Secondly, depending on where we will have the definitions of media abstention, rejection and refusal we probably or most likely will have to shorten this a bit or rather drastically. I think this should be a group decision what we cut and what we leave in. Thus, I am uploading the full, long version of the outline.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 13:28, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

To keep our essay concise and to the point of the question, I'm not if these definitions are entirely necessary can always just link out to their definitions as we only have so many words, and especially in my definitions paragraph I would arther keep it relevent to the main topics we are writing about. Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 15:29, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Yes I agree that it might be better to link or define the terms within the definitions section. I just thought I would leave these points in, in case they would be useful for your section. I think it is easiest to leave them in for now and then once we have all the paragraphs lined up to see where we can edit, remove or change things around. We should always double check at what word count we are though. The 10% margin leaves us at 2,700 - 3,300 words, if I did the maths right. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 19:00, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Dataveillance
Note- A very unorganised collection of notes regarding dataveillance from certain readings, full paragraph that hopefully will make a lot more sense is still to come later on.

Dataveillance is an easy method of capturing information about the public as there aren’t any huge costs other than perhaps paying for the data itself. It’s much cheaper than employing someone to manually find out all of the information that dataveillance can gather.

Conflict over whether privacy is a legal right or just a moral right- and the differences between privacy and data protection. Privacy is more about protecting the person and data protection as the name suggests is the protecting that data and information that come from a person. The term privacy was thought too broad to cover what data protection now concerns.

Clarke, R. (1997). Privacy and DV, and Org. Strategy. Rogerclarke.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018, from http://www.rogerclarke.com/DV/PStrat.html

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 15:41, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Cost efficient way to harvest information about people that can then be used or sold on to other companies, the issue is about how much people know this is happening.

Values on privacy are maybe outdated because they came before a technological era that currently exists, so these values are currently getting readdressed and amended in line with technologies

Collecting data isn’t a new concept particularly, companies used to do it in the 1950’s and 1960’s to get information about who was using their products, it’s now just more about the,

I think the data becomes a problem when you become identifiable from it- the information that you provide then puts you into different categories where you can be targeted by specific companies because of the category you are in.

Big problem being the fact that people don’t know how much of a trail they leave behind- they aren’t aware of what potential harm they are causing themselves. ‘Most individuals don’t realise they are leaving behind a data trail that amounts to a psychographic self-portrait. P4 Federal Dataveillance : Implications for Constitutional Privacy Protections

In light of the recent news stories about Facebook there have been huge concerns over the safety of our information which could possibly lead going forward to have some new legislation built around data protection and the data that we share on our social media platforms.

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 05:58, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Conclusion
MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:04, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Paragraph suggestions
Post your draft paragraphs here for peer review, proofreading etc. Indicate where it fits into the essay roughly (i.e. introduction, main body, conclusion), by referring to the essay outline. Do not forget your references in APA (including page numbers).

WORD COUNT: TOTAL: 3,178
 * Introduction: 112
 * Main Body
 * Definitions: 615
 * Internet of Things: 533
 * Connectivity: 592
 * Disconnectivity: 634
 * Dataveillance: 494
 * Conclusion: 198

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:51, 26 March 2018 (UTC) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:08, 26 March 2018 (UTC) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:20, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Introduction
Draft 1

“[We are] living in a world where [we are] networked to people and information wherever and whenever” (boyd, 2012, pp. 71-72). boyd is referring to the contemporary ubiquitous Always-on Culture. This essay shall explore to what extent being always-on is a reality and what advantages and disadvantages a pervasive connectedness might bring. To begin with the relevant terminology will be defined. Then the positive features of the Always-on Culture shall be explored through the Internet of Things and Connectivity. To challenge this, the potential drawbacks that being never off might entail will be examined through Disconnectivity and Dataveillance. Lastly, a conclusion shall be drawn that highlights the links between each analysed aspect. (112 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:02, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments

Definitions
People and information are networked together, whenever, and wherever (Dana Boyd, 2012, p.71). This is referred to as Always-On culture, a society in which citizens communicate and share information online constantly through communications devices such as mobile phones. Turkle (2006, p.3) discusses public spaces, stating that the “train station is no longer a communal space (…) each person is more likely to be having an encounter with someone miles away rather than the person in the next chair”. Online advances have began infiltrating our lives, through communicating through online mediums have become more common in so much that it decreases physical interaction. Boyd (2012, p.71) said that “the online is always just around the corner” and this agrees with her statement that we are “always connected to the network” (2012, p.71).

The Internet of Things “describes many uses and processes that result from giving a network address to a thing and fitting it with sensors (…) gain new capabilities” (Bunz and Meikle, 2018, p.10). An example of this technology is conservational tech such as Siri or Alexa. They can turn on lights, track movement and respond to discussion. Sensors and cameras can all identify what they’re seeing and can track certain aspects such as health (Bunz and Meikle, 2018, p.11). The Internet of Things has become more than simple internet, it is now one connected device. These advances in technology are created to ‘enhance’ our lives, relating to the Always-On culture as these devices mean we are constantly connected to the network.

Connectivity discusses the extent in which online communication is constantly relied upon. James and Steger (2016) state that “for a new generation, mediated connectivity is basic to their identity”. This is because, due to online communications, many are constantly connected to each other, not just physically but digitally. Papacharissi (2010) discussed that at events, mobiles are used to share information and news as CNN were found to be an insufficient supplier of updates and so results in “digitally enabled citizens” (p.3). Citizens feel the need to belong and to be constantly connected to the network, with “after the basic needs of survival (…) need to connect with others becomes one of primary concern” (Hermann and Walker, 2005, p.81).

On the contrast to Connectivity, Disconnectivity is a conscious disavowel and non-consumption (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042), to remove or not use media platforms. This desire to not be a part of the connected network can be down to social, cultural, economic, or political natures (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042), this means that it is possible for anyone to make their own conscious decisions. Disconnectivity is the conscious non-use or non-participation of digital media platforms due to many reasons of their own; meaning that they are not connected to the network.

DataVeillance is a further angle on this debate. Is it to do with privacy and information collection using digital mediums. Clarke (1998) defines it as the “systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications”. Automated data systems like these mean more individuals and larger populations can be monitored.. Location is no longer an issue for data collection thanks to the network, “data can now me captured, stored, processed and accessed readily and economically, even when users are physically dispersed” (Clarke, 1998). This method of data collection is cheap as don’t have to manually collect information, however this can be an issue that many people may not be aware of their information being collected. There will be a never-ending supply of data to collect through constantly being connected to the network; always-on and always sharing.

Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 12:22, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Updated paragaph: Update 1

People and information are networked together, whenever, and wherever (boyd, 2012, p.71). This is referred to as Always-On culture, a society in which citizens communicate and share information online constantly through communications devices such as mobile phones. Turkle (2006, p.3) discusses public spaces, stating that the “train station is no longer a communal space (…) each person is more likely to be having an encounter with someone miles away rather than the person in the next chair”. Online advances have began infiltrating our lives, as communicating through online media becomes more common; decreasing physical interaction. Boyd (2012, p.71) said that “the online is always just around the corner”; we, as a society are always connected to the network.

Due to the constant desire to be always connected to the network, this leads to advances in technology such as The Internet of Things. This is the advancing of technological items through fitting them with enhancers for them to gain new capabilities (Bunz and Meikle, 2018, p.10). An example of this technology is conservational tech such as Siri or Alexa. They can turn on lights, track movement and respond to discussion. Sensors and cameras can be used for identification and can track certain aspects such as health (Bunz and Meikle, 2018, p.11). The Internet of Things has become more than simple internet, it is now one connected device. These advances in technology are created to ‘enhance’ our lives, relating to the Always-On culture as these devices mean we are never disconnected from the network.

The Internet of Things demonstrates modern desire for constant Connectivity. James and Steger (2016, p.23) state that “for a new generation, mediated connectivity is basic to their identity”. This is because, due to online communications, many are constantly connected to each other, not just physically but digitally. Papacharissi (2010) discussed that at events, mobiles are used to share information and news as CNN were found to be an insufficient supplier of updates and so results in “digitally enabled citizens” (p.3). Citizens feel the need to belong and to be constantly connected to the network, meaning that the need to connect with others is rapidly becoming a basic need of survival (Hermann and Walker, 2005, p.81).

On the contrast to Connectivity, Disconnectivity is a conscious disavowel and non-consumption (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042), to remove or not use media platforms. This desire to not be a part of the connected network can be down to social, cultural, economic, or political natures (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042), this means that it is possible for anyone to make their own conscious decisions. Disconnectivity is the conscious non-use or non-participation of digital media platforms due to many reasons of their own; meaning that they are not connected to the network.

DataVeillance is a further angle on this debate. Is it to do with privacy and information collection using digital mediums. Clarke (1998, p. 499) defines it as the “systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications”. Automated data systems like these mean more individuals and larger populations can be monitored. Location is no longer an issue for data collection thanks to the network, no matter where users are; their information is readily accessible for collection (Clarke, 1998, p.499). There will be a never-ending supply of data to collect through constantly being connected to the network; always-on and always sharing. (562 words) Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 10:59, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

Updated paragaph: Update 2

People and information are networked together, whenever, and wherever (boyd, 2012, p.71). This is referred to as Always-On culture, a society in which citizens communicate and share information online constantly through communications devices such as mobile phones. Turkle (2006, p.3) discusses public spaces, stating that the “train station is no longer a communal space (…) each person is more likely to be having an encounter with someone miles away rather than the person in the next chair”. Online advances have begun infiltrating our lives, as communication through online media becomes more common; decreasing physical interaction. boyd (2012, p.71) argues that “the online is always just around the corner”, thus, we, as a society are always connected to the network.

Due to the constant desire to be always connected to the network, this leads to advances in technology such as The Internet of Things. Technology is enhanced by fitting devices with sensors which give them new capabilities (Bunz & Meikle, 2018, p.10). One example is conversational technology such as Siri or Alexa. They have the ability to turn on lights, track movement and respond to discussion. Sensors and cameras are increasingly used for identification and can monitor certain aspects such as health (Bunz & Meikle, 2018, p.11). The Internet of Things has become more than simple internet, it is now one connected device. These advances in technology are created to ‘enhance’ our lives, relating to the Always-On culture as these devices mean we are never disconnected from the network.

The Internet of Things demonstrates modern desire for constant Connectivity. James and Steger (2016, p.23) argue that “for a new generation, mediated connectivity is basic to their identity”. Through online communication, many are constantly connected to each other, not just physically but digitally. Papacharissi (2010) describes how mobiles are used at events to share information as news platforms like CNN were found to be an insufficient supplier of updates, which creates “digitally enabled citizens” (p.3). Citizens feel the need to belong and to be constantly tethered to the network, meaning that the need to connect with others is rapidly becoming a basic need of survival (Hermann & Walker, 2005, p.81).

On the contrast to Connectivity, Disconnectivity is a conscious disavowal and non-consumption (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042), to remove or not use media platforms, distinguishing between media abstention, rejection and refusal. Media abstention refers to the activity of not using or removing one’s presence from a media platform (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1171). Rejection, which is part of media refusal, is the denunciation of one aspect of media such as one particular service, whereas refusal can often encompass media beyond digital and is the conscious decision to not consume a media type (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042). However, it is important that all these forms of disconnectivity are deliberate. Non-use can sometimes simply be the result of the lack of knowledge of the media type (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042). Henceforth, when talking about disconnectivity this essay will only consider the conscious disavowal of media as a form of activism.

Dataveillance is a further angle on this debate. Is it to do with privacy and information collection using digital media Clarke (1998, p. 499) defines it as the “systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications”. Automated data systems like these result in an increase of individuals and larger populations that are being monitored. Location is no longer an issue for data collection due to the network, no matter where users are their information is readily accessible for accumulation (Clarke, 1998, p.499). There will be a never-ending supply of data to collect through constantly being connected to the network; always-on and always sharing.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:03, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

(615 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:34, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments

This is already a really well written paragraph that sums up all four issues that our essay will be dealing with concisely. However, here are a few things that I have noticed: Firstly, some technical things to keep in mind. When citing, you only use the surname of the author. Also, dana boyd does not use any capital letters in her name, so this should be the case for citations from her too.

Secondly, you show a great range of many sources and readings that you have done, yet I feel like you quote a bit too often. I, personally, think that one should always paraphrase unless the quote is extremely important or significant to the argument. Especially in a definitions sections that is more the reproduction of other people’s work, paraphrasing will show your engagement and that you have understood the concepts and can explain them in your own words. If you use direct quotes always give the page number. If there is none to be found use a paragraph number or simply write n.p., as this shows that you trying to give as much detail of where the quote is from as possible.

Thirdly, I really like the first sentence of the paragraph about disocnnectivity and dataveillance. It connects and streamlines the entire section. Maybe you could use similar phrasings for the other paragraphs too?

Fourthly, since medium originates from the Latin term medius, its plural form is media.

Lastly, I would suggest that you give this another read as some sentences, probably due to their complexity sound rather odd. I would quickly do so myself, but I first want to give you the opportunity to take out some of the direct quotes and replace them by indirect paraphrases.

My sincerest apologies if this seems like a long and harsh comment. This was not my intension. I believe this to be a great paragraph that only needs a few tweaks and edits here and there to be even better. Great work!

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Thank you for your comments, I don't think it is a harsh comment, you have been very fair and you're right they aren't major changes or anything, just tweaks! I'll also finish off my referencing as just did it quickly when I wrote the paragraph. Thank you!

Thank you for uploading your reworked paragraph. It is even better than it was before and the APA referencing system is on point too. I did a few minor changes to the paragraph which mostly was around altering wording or using synonyms. I did however, rework the entire definitions section of disconnectivity by including the definitions of media abstention, rejection and refusal. I will now go ahead and edit my paragraph accordingly. Please read through the paragraph again to see if all changes are ok with you.

Could you also put in the references via the reference list? Refer to my paragraph or my discussion page if you are unsure in how to do so. Or ask me if you still have any questions. Also make sure that you include online weblinks if your sources are accessible on the internet. Including the references here already will make it easier to just copy and paste each paragraph onto the book page.

Again, awesome paragraph!!

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:34, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

That's fine. I had already put my references into the reference list when doing my notes so they are hopefully there already. Thanks! Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 20:35, 25 March 2018 (UTC)


 * That the references are already in the reference list are perfect. However, if you look at my paragraph, you will see how there are hyperlinked superscripted numbers behind each in-text reference. This is the system that Wiki*edia uses for references. The Wiki MarkUp can then create a refenence list pretty much automatically for you (see at the bottom of the discussion page). So the citation within the text and the text of the each reference in the reference list has to be the APA system. But to be aligned with the Wiki*edia referencing system we have to use the Wiki MarkUp. I hope this makes sense to you. If you are having trouble with this, then give me a shout and I will do the references for you since you have provided them in the discussion page reference list. This is because we are kind of running a bit out of time. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:23, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Internet of Things
First Draft

In the current day and age, with objects that are internet connected surpassing the human population since 2008, (Pew Research Center, 2014: 2) it is increasingly difficult to disconnect from the always on culture that surrounds us. Currently, almost anything can be connected and the number of connected devices is continuously rising, this means that everyday items from salt shakers to egg trays are being connected. (Reynolds, 2017) In seconds plentiful lists of internet enabled products can be found, anything from products designed to make the everyday easier to slightly more peculiar connected objects, for example, herb gardens or smart portable fish finders. (Iotlist, n.d.) This surge in connected things raises the question of whether or not the products are being produced for the benefits of the consumer or to line the pockets of global companies.

Bunz and Meikle have argued that the internet of things is not just about networked sensors, but about how these objects gain new skills, shown through new types of communication, for instance, conversational technology like Siri or Alexa. (2018: 10) This technology has both positive and negative aspects to it, ranging from assisting people in their everyday life to being hackable or other glitches. In recent times there was an issue with Alexa which caused unprompted laughter or laughter at the wrong time, it was solved by changing the command through programming. This also changed the supposed creepiness of the Alexa laugh. (Liao, 2018) Thus showing that a lot of connected produces are not always reliable, which is concerning if society is alway connected.

There are also bigger things like cars being connected, the production of new car that are internet enabled has increased from 35% in 2015 to a predicted rate of 98% by 2020. (Accenture, n.d.) This means that it is increasingly difficult to disconnect from the internet. With the increase of connected car there is also an increase of data being collected, it is believed that new connected cars will create 25GB of data every hour. (akarshita, 2015) This raises concern on safety, as there have been multiple incidences of driverless cars crashing, killing or injuring. There are also cases involving people trusting internet enabled devices more than themselves, which can lead to accidents.

Another idea proposed for using the technology of the internet of thing is to connect whole cities, Dustdar, Nastić and Šćekić believe that this would have a positive effect on society as it puts citizens first and promotes active involvement. (2017: 14) They also argues that smart cities would allow for citizen to be involved through decision making, for example, traffic, educational or political. They think that these citizens would have “empowerment through technology”, due to the smart city. (2017: 5) In terms of always on culture this would mean being constantly connected to your city, which does have some positives but at the same time has many negatives, as technology can be unpredictable. In a society with an ever increasing abundance of internet connected devices the dependancy to be digitally connected is growing into an entity of its own. Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 17:08, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Second Draft

This essay will begin by looking at the positive aspects of Always-on Culture through the Internet of Things. In the current day and age, with objects that are internet connected surpassing the human population since 2008 (Evans, 2011, p.3), it is increasingly difficult to disconnect, but is this unfavourable? Currently, almost anything can be connected and the number of connected devices is continuously rising, this means that everyday items from salt shakers to egg trays are being connected (Reynolds, 2017). In seconds plentiful lists of internet enabled products can be found, anything from products designed to make the everyday easier to slightly more peculiar connected objects, for example, herb gardens or smart portable fish finders (Iotlist, n.d.). of Things This surge in connected things raises the question of whether or not the products are being produced to line the pockets of global companies or for the benefits of the consumer, through usefulness or entertainment.

Bunz and Meikle have argued that the Internet of Things is not just about networked sensors, but about how these objects gain new skills, shown through new types of communication, for instance, conversational technology like Siri or Alexa (2018, p.10). This technology has both positive and negative aspects to it, ranging from assisting people in their everyday life to being hackable or other glitches. In recent times there was an issue with Alexa which caused unprompted laughter or laughter at the wrong time, it was solved by changing the command through programming. This also changed the supposed creepiness of the Alexa laugh (Liao, 2018). Thus showing that although a lot of connected produces are not always reliable they can be fixed and improved upon.

There are also bigger things like cars being connected, the production of new car that are internet enabled has increased from 35% in 2015 to a predicted rate of 98% by 2020 (Accenture, n.d.). This means that it is increasingly difficult to disconnect from the internet. With the increase of connected car there is also an increase of data being collected, it is believed that new connected cars will create 25GB of data every hour (Akarshita, 2015). This raises concern on safety, as there have been multiple incidences of driverless cars crashing, killing or injuring. However, there are positives too as in accidents the car can automatically contact the emergency services with your location.

Another idea proposed for using the technology of the Internet of Thing is to connect whole cities, Dustdar, Nastić and Šćekić believe that this would have a positive effect on society as it puts citizens first and promotes active involvement (2017, p.14). They also argues that smart cities would allow for citizen to be involved through decision making, for example, traffic, educational or political. They think that these citizens would have “empowerment through technology”, due to the smart city (2017, p.5). In terms of Always-on culture this would mean being constantly connected to your city, which does have many social, economical and environmental positives. In a society with an ever increasing abundance of internet connected devices the dependency to be digitally connected is growing into an entity of its own, this results in connectivity thriving, as staying connected is faster, cheaper and easier.

Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 11:55, 26 March 2018 (UTC) Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 11:42, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:59, 26 March 2018 (UTC) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:45, 26 March 2018 (UTC) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:24, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 15:06, 25 March 2018 (UTC)
 * (533 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:43, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments

This is a really well written and thought through paragraph on the Internet of Things. I especially like the inclusion of contemporary news articles as well as a range of academic sources.

Firstly, some technicalities: you do not use the APA referencing system. For APA in-text citations look like this (Author’s surname, year, p. X). Secondly, the full stop is immediately after the end of the reference.

Content wise, underlined by the structuring of your line of argument, you take a rather negative than positive turn on the Internet of Things. I would suggest flipping your structure that you mention negative sides first and then ‘proof them wrong/ less important’ my describing the advantages of the always-on Internet of Things. This is because we wanted the first two sections (Internet of Things and Connectivity) to reflect the positive side of Always-On Culture.

Furthermore, if you start the first sentence with something like: ‘To begin with the advantages of Always-on Culture this essay will firstly, look at the Internet of Things’. Could I also suggest that you have a last sentence that is relating to the connectivity that the Internet of Things provide? This way each section will easier link to the previous one and to the following one.

All in all this is a really well written piece of work. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:14, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

P.S. Remember that the Internet of Things in itself is its own name/ term so internet and things is always capitalised at the start. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:22, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

Thank you for uploading your second paragraph draft. This is a way more positive take on the Internet of Things and also connects really well to all the other topics. Could you too include the Wiki MarkUp style references if your paragraph to make it easier to just copy everything over? Thank you MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:34, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Connectivity
Connectivity is a very broad topic, as we can relate it to many subjects to do with digital media. For instance, we could look into how cities are striving to become more connected, and how connectivity factors hugely into globalisation. Communication and the exchange of information seem are major factors in what drives connectivity in this modern age (James and Steger, 2016, p.22). In order to remain focused on Always-On Culture, this section will expand upon the definition of connectivity, and will be discussing the positives of connectivity as it has been adapted it into our everyday culture.

The general idea of being connected is a positive one. It gives us a way of keeping in touch with those we care about, no matter where in the world we might be. It also has many practical benefits, in that in case of an emergency we can get in contact with people for help. The knowledge that your loved one has a phone, and therefore a method of reaching out in times of need, can be a huge relief. In Sherry Turkle’s book Alone Together: why we expect more from technology and less from each other, she speaks of how she if comforted in the knowledge that although her daughter is studying in another country, she is grateful to have this connection. However, being connected does not only mean that we can be in contact with others.

Being connected can also refer to keeping up to date with the world. We are constantly being updated with news, whether it be a status update from someone you know or a breaking news bulletin. When before we would have to wait for newspapers or other official reports to know what was happening in the world, now you can get updates almost instantaneously. There have been circumstances in which the public has used this network of information at their disposal and the ability to connect with people outside their immediate circle to help in times of terror. After the November 2015 attacks in Paris, the public took to Twitter to offer up their homes to tourists and citizens who had nowhere else to go. In fact, the first reports of these attacks came from social media mere minutes after the first explosion.

In the quote in question, dana boyd speaks of being connected to a network, and how that is a contributing factor in what it means to be always-on. Connectivity has opened up a whole new way of living. It has positives not only in a personal sense, but also in a way that adds to globalisation and the spread of information. And this immense connectivity is even being encouraged as we can see in the previous section as more and more things are being connected to this network. Always-on culture is evident through connectivity as people strive to keep up to date with the world, and we can see how this has many positives.

NOTE: This is definitely a work in progress as I would like to reword a lot of it and I have not included several references. I'm aiming to have an updated version posted by Sunday night that will hopefully be closer to the final product. Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 20:10, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments

This is a incredibly well written and thought through paragraph on Connectivity. I especially like your first introductory paragraph that connects connectivity back to always-on culture as well as the definitions section.

Here are a few things that I have noticed though: Firstly, but you have already mentioned this in your comment, almost all academic sources are missing. Along with this I would maybe suggest just writing ‘In Turkle’s book Alone Together […]’ (also note that the book title has to be italicised).

Secondly, I would nudge and edit the wording here and there. Especially, the last sentence could be streamlined a bit. But I am sure that you will do this when you are working over your section again today and tomorrow.

This section really brings out well the advantages of connectivity and as far as I am aware the references you do have included thus far are complacent with the APA referencing system.

All in all, this is a really well written piece of work already. I am looking forward to your finalised version. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:28, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

Second Draft

There are numerous types of connectivity we could talk about within Digital Media. As we have seen through the Internet of Things, more and more technologies are joining this online network to keep connected. Communication and the exchange of information are major factors in what drives connectivity in this modern age (James and Steger, 2016, p.22). In order to remain focused on Always-On Culture, this section will expand upon the definition of connectivity, and will be discussing the positives of connectivity as it has been adapted it into our everyday culture.

To begin with, we can look at how connectivity is used as a way of bringing people together. Constant connection via Always-On culture gives us the opportunity to keep in touch with those we care about, no matter how far away they might be. This has the practical benefit that whenever there is an emergency, we know they can reach out for help. The knowledge that your loved one has a phone, and therefore a method of getting in touch in times of need, can be a huge relief. Another benefit comes from the emotional connection that can come from being able to talk to someone who is far away. In Alone Together [...], Turkle describes how she is comforted in the knowledge that, although her daughter is studying in another country, she can still remain connected with her in some way (2011, p.153). In a way, connectivity is about the ability to share information with others around the world, but this is not purely in a personal sense.

When talking about connectivity, we are also referring to the ability to keep up to date with events happening around the world. There is a new phenomenon in which we are being almost immediately updated with news as stories happen. This is not only due to news media being available online and accessible whenever we need it, but also owing to the spread of social media. Anyone can create a social media account and start posting to an audience that would have been previously unreachable of. Because of this, there have been cases in which news stories were first broken not by mainstream media, but by members of the public who were at the event (Meikle & Young, 2012, p.55). An example of this is the November 2015 attacks in Paris, in which the first reports of the attack came from Twitter mere minutes after the first explosion (BBC News, 2015). Connectivity not only aids in keeping people informed of world events, but actively plays a role in helping when there is a bad situation. After the Paris attacks, people were taking to Twitter and other social media accounts to offer up their homes to citizens and tourists who had nowhere else to go. This is just one example of the numerous times connectivity has had a positive effect.

In the quote in question, boyd speaks of always being connected to the network, and this is what becomes evident through the notion of connectivity. People now have the option to talk to others halfway across the world instantly, something that not so long ago would have seemed impossible. We are constantly seeking updates, taking in any and all information that interests us. Connectivity not only suggests that what boyd says about this constant connection to the network is true, but also that the connection can have a positive effect. Always-On culture encourages connectivity, giving people the opportunity to add to and take from this network of information in a way that benefits them.

(592 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:07, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 11:44, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Disconnectivity
Here is my suggestion for the paragraph on disconnectivity. With 789 words it is currently too long. We could maybe put the definitions of media abstention, rejection and refusal as well as the part about non-use due to lack of knowledge of the media platform into the definitions section? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:38, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

I think you're right, I think that the definitions of media abstention etc could go into the definitions paragraph, it'll help cut down this section a little bit without losing any of the research as having read through it, it is all really good and relevant to our topic. It might be useful to discuss this with however to see if this could be included into that section at all. Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 14:43, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

It is very nice to hear that you like my paragraph. But I definitely agree that in order to have each section be about the same word count we will need to cut it. So, will there be any space for the media abstension, rejection and refusal part to be included in the definitions section? If we have to cut it I would say that we at least leave the part in that clarifies that disconnectivity is a conscious decision. This might actually be very important to mention in the definitons paragaph already. What do you think? MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 18:54, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Despite all the advantages that online connectivity brings, many people make the conscious decision to disconnect. These non-participants, therefore, actively go against boyd’s hypothesis that we are always networked together (boyd, 2012, pp. 71-72). This essay shall now discuss the different kinds of disconnectivity, distinguishing between media abstention, rejection and refusal. Media abstention refers to the activity of not using or removing ones presence from a media platform, such as for example facebook (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1171). Media rejection is part of media refusal, a term coined by Portwood-Stacer (2013, p. 1042). Rejection is the denunciation of one aspect of media such as one particular platform, whereas refusal can often encompass media beyond digital and is the conscious decision to not consume a media type (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042). However, it is important that all these forms of disconnectivity are deliberate. Non-use can sometimes be simply be the result of the lack of knowledge of the media type (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p.1042). Henceforth, when talking about disconnectivity this essay will only consider the conscious disavowal of media as a form of activism.

Having differentiated the various forms of disconnectivity this essay shall now look at the reasons for media abstention or refusal and break each one down to understand how disconnectivity might be understood as a counterpoint to the networked always-on self. Most people are motivated by social, cultural, economic or political factors (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042, Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10, Lovink, 2011, p.24 ). Yet, it is also to argue that the difference in behaviour online compared to real life interactions might be a driving force behind media refusal.

Analysing the psychological aspects of behaviour, Suler (2005) identified the disinhibition effect. He is describing activities online that could be perceived as toxic. The Internet creates a great opportunity for anonymity (Suler, 2005, p. 184), which can often have the effect of unkindness (James, 2014, p.2). Another aspect of disinhibition is asynchronous interactions (Suler, 20058, p. 185). This creates the difficulties in having more advanced conversations (Turkle in James, 2014, p. 14). Thus, people might disconnect as online interactions can be cruel and feel not personal.

The notion of less fulfilling online connections is the major motive for socially driven disconnection (Turkle, 2011, p. 155). Many feel, that especially when knowing the person from their offline lives, that web-based interactions let relationships deteriorate (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1177). This is further enhanced by the difficulties of full attention on one action when being online (Turkle, 2011, p. 280) and a less focused engagement (Lovink, 2011, p. 12). Thus, people disconnect to concentrate on offline relationships (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1173), without interference from the online network.

The always-on environment has caused many concerns about cultural shifts and developments in society. Many are more concerned about issues such as privacy (see dataveillance) (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1175) and choose to disconnect to be less visible. With the possibility to have information always at hand, a trend of dumb users has been described (Carr in Lovink, 2011 p. 9). Jenkins has also noted that there is the tendency of abandonment of (core) values highly important in the offline world but insignificant online (2014, p. xxiii). Such principles might be the care for others that shifts to a “favo[uring] of our own self-interest at the expense of […] others” (Bazerman & Tenbrunsel in James, 2014, p.9). To disconnect, henceforth, means to hold on to traditional values.

When looking at economics many disconnect due to the hours of free and unpaid labour that their own online connectivity creates, as well as the exploitation of others labour (Fuchs, 2017, p. 145). The enjoyment of the digital standard in the minority world interrelates internationally with and at the expense of workers in the majority world (Fuchs, 2017, pp. 148-9). McChesney (2013, pp. xii-xiii), thus, describes how capitalism is one of the main factors that brought digital appliances into everyone’s homes. Disconnection can therefore be utilised as a form of activism against majority world exploitation.

All of these aspects feed into the political counterpoint that many take to constant connectivity by disconnecting as a form of activism through non-participation (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1043). The conscious disavowal, driven by moral principles, is to be perceived as a political statement against the drawbacks of the always-on landscape (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1052). As policies are highly influential over media systems, non-use demonstrates people’s concerns and desire for governmental shift (McChesney, 2013, p. 64). Lastly, many fear surveillance functionalities put in place by institutions that goes hand in hand with mass connectivity (Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10). To retain a more private and less observed life people, thus, disconnect (Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10). This surveillance is called dataveillance.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:53, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:38, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Updated paragraph: Update 1

Despite all the advantages that online connectivity brings, many people make the conscious decision to disconnect. These non-participants, therefore, actively go against boyd’s hypothesis that we are always networked together (boyd, 2012, pp. 71-72). This essay shall now discuss at the reasons for media abstention or refusal and break each one down to understand how disconnectivity might be understood as a counterpoint to the networked always-on self. Most people are motivated by social, cultural, economic or political factors (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1042, Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10, Lovink, 2011, p.24 ). Yet, it is also to argue that the difference in behaviour online compared to real life interactions might be a driving force behind media refusal.

Analysing the psychological aspects of behaviour, Suler (2005) identified the disinhibition effect. He is describing activities online that could be perceived as toxic. The Internet creates a great opportunity for anonymity (Suler, 2005, p. 184), which can often have the effect of unkindness (James, 2014, p.2). Another aspect of disinhibition is asynchronous interactions (Suler, 20058, p. 185). This creates the difficulties in having more advanced conversations (Turkle in James, 2014, p. 14). Thus, people might disconnect as online interactions can be cruel and feel not personal.

The notion of less fulfilling online connections is the major motive for socially driven disconnection (Turkle, 2011, p. 155). Many feel, that especially when knowing the person from their offline lives, that web-based interactions let relationships deteriorate (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1177). This is further enhanced by the difficulties of full attention on one action when being online (Turkle, 2011, p. 280) and a less focused engagement (Lovink, 2011, p. 12). Thus, people disconnect to concentrate on offline relationships (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1173), without interference from the online network.

The always-on environment has caused many concerns about cultural shifts and developments in society. Many are more concerned about issues such as privacy (see dataveillance) (Light & Cassidy, 2014, p. 1175) and choose to disconnect to be less visible. With the possibility to have information always at hand, a trend of dumb users has been described (Carr in Lovink, 2011 p. 9). Jenkins has also noted that there is the tendency of abandonment of (core) values highly important in the offline world but insignificant online (2014, p. xxiii). Such principles might be the care for others that shifts to a “favo[uring] of our own self-interest at the expense of […] others” (Bazerman & Tenbrunsel in James, 2014, p.9). To disconnect, henceforth, means to hold on to traditional values.

When looking at economics many disconnect due to the hours of free and unpaid labour that their own online connectivity creates, as well as the exploitation of others labour (Fuchs, 2017, p. 145). The enjoyment of the digital standard in the minority world interrelates internationally with and at the expense of workers in the majority world (Fuchs, 2017, pp. 148-9). McChesney (2013, pp. xii-xiii), thus, describes how capitalism is one of the main factors that brought digital appliances into everyone’s homes. Disconnection can therefore be utilised as a form of activism against majority world exploitation.

All of these aspects feed into the political counterpoint that many take to constant connectivity by disconnecting as a form of activism through non-participation (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1043). The conscious disavowal, driven by moral principles, is to be perceived as a political statement against the drawbacks of the always-on landscape (Portwood-Stacer, 2013, p. 1052). As policies are highly influential over media systems, non-use demonstrates people’s concerns and desire for governmental shift (McChesney, 2013, p. 64). Lastly, many fear surveillance functionalities put in place by institutions that goes hand in hand with mass connectivity (Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10). To retain a more private and less observed life people, thus, disconnect (Hesselberth, 2017, p. 10). This surveillance is called dataveillance.

(634 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:42, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

Dataveillance
Note. Not fully completed, will finish by Friday evening.

Dataveillance is a cost-effective way for companies in the internet age to monitor information that relates to their customers internet activity and usage. The way this information is then used is where an issue could potentially lie. There is a sense of anonymity when engaging with the internet but when you begin to become identifiable by the information that is gathered from you, then we realise that this sense of anonymity is false and we are entirely traceable.

One of the biggest concerns regarding dataveillance is that people often don’t know about it, it is done discreetly and in the background. People will agree via a clause in terms and conditions that they won’t necessarily will have read. The issue here then becomes that people aren’t aware of where and how their data is being used by companies. The recent controversy with Facebook having sold personal information about its users to governments and companies is a perfect example of how much we don’t know is going on. (Wakefield, 2018). Your data can be monitored by the digital footprint that is left behind from every activity that you complete online. Kuhn had quoted in an article about dataveillance that ‘Most individuals don’t realise they are leaving behind a data trail that amounts to a psychographic self-portrait.’ (Kuhn, 2007, p4) Despite the fact this article was written 10 years ago, this quote is still incredibly relevant in today’s society and possibly now even more present because of the increase in the time and ways we engage with the internet. Thus, relating back to the idea of being always on, as although we have the ability to come offline, there is a data trail that is a reflection of us still online.

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 06:36, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 06:38, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments

This section on Dataveillance sounds really promising already. I particularly like your first paragraph that introduces your section.

I know that you are not quite finished yet, but I thought I would tell you what I have noticed and would suggest about your section thus far.

To begin with some technicalities: Firstly, when it comes to referencing the full stop is right after the references. Additionally, even if you are paraphrasing, a page number makes it easier to identify where exactly you have found certain arguments. So, a full reference in APA would look like this: (Author’s surname, year, p. X). Secondly, you are using quite colloquial language every now and then. To remember: In academic writing ‘don’t’ for example has to be ‘do not’.

Thirdly, in some cases (either within the same sentence or in sentences that follow each other) you use the same word twice, when there are many synonyms to replace it with. So, for example the internet can be replaced by online. Instead of companies you could also say commercial sector, and so on and so forth.

All in all, this is a really well written start of a paragraph already and I am looking forward to reading the final version soon. MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:40, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

Update 1

Dataveillance is a cost-effective way for companies in the internet age to monitor information that relates to their customers online activity and usage. The way this information is then used is where an issue could potentially lie. There is a sense of anonymity when engaging with the internet (Suler, 2005, p. 185). However, when you begin to become identifiable by the information that is gathered from you, then one realises that this sense of anonymity is false, and one is entirely traceable by all of one’s online activities (Bunz & Meikle, 2018, p. 26). An issue with Dataveillance comes to light if we consider the ethics behind the way the information can be used to manipulate people’s behaviour (Bunz & Meikle, 2018, p. 31). Degli Eposti states that “the term manipulation is used intentionally” because it connotes actions that have been have been influenced by an outside source without them realising. (Degli Eposti, 2014, p. 220). The gathered information could be used as an influencer in both positive or negative ways. The potential for the information to be used to target different people based on their online activity is where the question of morality comes into the picture (Andrejevic, 2013, p. 5). Clark identifies that privacy is primarily considered a moral right and a legal right, so there is little legal jurisdiction protecting people’s information online (Clark, 1998). However, in light of the recent news stories about Facebook (Cellan-Jones, 2018), there have been huge concerns over the safety of our information which could possibly lead going forward to have some new legislation built around data protection and the data that we share on our social media platforms.

Another of the biggest concerns regarding Dataveillance is that people often do not know about it. It is done discreetly and in the background. People will agree via a clause in terms and conditions that they won’t necessarily will have read. The issue here then becomes that people aren’t aware of where and how their data is being used by companies. The recent controversy with Facebook having sold personal information about its users to governments and companies is a perfect example of how much we don’t know is going on (Wakefield, 2018). Your data can be monitored by the digital footprint that is left behind from every activity that you complete online. Kuhn had quoted in an article about Dataveillance that “[m]ost individuals don’t realise they are leaving behind a data trail that amounts to a psychographic self-portrait” (Kuhn, 2007, p. 4). Despite the fact that this article was written 10 years ago, this quote is still incredibly relevant in today’s society and possibly now even more so as the time and ways we engage with the internet increase (Turkle, 2011, p. 152). Thus, we can relate this back to boyd’s idea of being always-on. Although we have the ability to go offline, there is a data trail that is a reflection of us still online.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:22, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

(494 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 17:46, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Conclusion
Draft 1

Having analysed the advantages of the Always-on Culture through the helpful Internet of Things and rising Connectivity as well as the drawbacks of being always-on that creates the need to disconnect and the pervasive monitoring of our information through Dataveillance, the difficulty of the debate around Always-On Culture has become apparent. Furthermore, the interconnectedness of devices equipped with sensors increasingly take up tasks that humans do not need to anymore. We connect to the devices and at the same time the Internet of Things helps us to connect to others. Connectivity condenses time and space, which means that we can reach anyone and anything at any time and from any place. However, many find the Always-on Culture too intrusive and consciously disconnect from the network for social or political reasons. Additionally, Dataveillance becomes increasingly a privacy issue as more and more devices of the Internet of Things connect and gather information. All these aspects are interconnected and one cannot be understood without the other. Henceforth it is difficult to determine whether the Always-on Culture is a positive or negative development. However, it has become evident that only the conscious act of going offline, disconnects people from the network. (198 words) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:19, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments

This conclusion is really good, it really effectively sums up everything that we've been talking about and I think you've managed to conclude well that we despite all of these points and our discussions, we don't necessarily have a conclusion that it is a good or a bad thing.

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 14:31, 26 March 2018 (UTC) MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:35, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Academic Reading
This section is to share and suggest (academic) sources that could be used for the essay.

General
Accenture. (n.d.). Share of new cars sold that are connected to the Internet worldwide from 2015 to 2025. In Statista - The Statistics Portal. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

Akarshita. (2015). Every connected car will send 130tb of data per year in the future: Actifio. In Telematicswire. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

boyd, d. (2012). Participating in the always-on lifestyle. In M. Mandiberg (Ed.), The social media reader (pp. 71-76). New York: New York University Press.

Dustdar S., Nastić S., Šćekić O. (2017) Introduction to Smart Cities and a Vision of Cyber-Human Cities. In: Smart Cities. Springer, Cham. DOI https://doi-org.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/10.1007/978-3-319-60030-7_1

Iotlist. (n.d.). Iotlist Discover the internet of things. In Iotlist. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

James, P and Steger, M. (2016) Globalisation and Global Consciousness: Levels of Connectivity Retrieved 18/03/2018:

Liao, S. (2018). Amazon has a fix for Alexa’s creepy laughs. In Verge. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

Reynolds, M. (2017). Six internet of things devices that really shouldn't exist. In Wired. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

Suler, J. (2005). The online disinhibition effect. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 2(2), 184-188. Doi: 10.1002/aps.42

Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York: Basic Books.

Turkle, S. (2006). Always-On/Always-On-You: The Tethered Self. MIT Press: Cambridge

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 12:18, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:04, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Internet of Things
Alam, M.; Prasad, N. (2017). The Rise of Internet of Things (The Age of the Software Defined Vehicle Book 1). Amazon Digital.

Buns, M.; Meikle, G. (2018). Introduction. In Internet of Things. (pp.1-6). Cambridge: Polity Press.

Buns, M.; Meikle, G. (2018). First Things. In Internet of Things. (pp.7-25). Cambridge: Polity Press.

Greengard, S. (2015). The Internet of Things. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Lanier, J. (2010). Missing Person. In You Are Not A Gadget. (pp.3-23). London: Penguin Books.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:51, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 18:33, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Connectivity
Athique, A. (2013). Digital media and society: An introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press.

BBC News. (2015). How the Paris attacks unfolded on social media. Retrieved March 23, 2018, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-34836214.

Meikle, G., & Young, S. (2012). Media Convergence: networked digital media in everyday life. London: Palgrave Macmillan

Papcharissi, Z. A. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Cambridge: Polity Press.

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 13:37, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

Jfm00011 (discuss • contribs) 11:43, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Disconnectivity
Fuchs, C. (2017). Social media: A critical introduction (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

Hesselberth, P. (2017). Discourses on disconnectivity and the right to disconnect. New Media & Society, 1-17. Doi: 10.1177/1461444817711449

James, C. (2014). Disconnected: Youth, new media, and the ethics gap. London: MIT Press.

Jenkins, H. (2014). Foreword: What were we thinking? In C. James (Ed.), Disconnected: Youth, new media, and the ethics gap (pp. xiii-xxv). London: MIT Press.

Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public: Social networking on YouTube. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 361-380. Doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00400

Light, B., & Cassidy, E. (2014). Strategies for the suspension and prevention of connection: Rendering disconnection as socioeconomic lubricant with Facebook. New Media & Society, 16(7), 1169 –1184-1184. Doi: 10.1177/1461444814544002

Lovink, G. (2011). Networks without a cause: A critique if social media. Cambridge: Polity Press.

McChesney, R. W. (2013). Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turning the internet against democracy. New York: The New Press.

Portwood-Stacer, L. (2013). Media refusal and conspicuous non-consumption: The performative and political dimensions of Facebook abstention. New Media & Society, 15(7), 1041-1057. Doi: 10.1177/1461444812465139

Suler, J. (2005). The online disinhibition effect. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 2(2), 184-188. Doi: 10.1002/aps.42

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 15:49, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:53, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 15:55, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:49, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Dataveillance
Lupton, D., & Michael, M. (2017). 'Depends on who's got the data': Public Understandings of Personal Digital Dataveillance. Surveillance And Society, 15(2), 254-268. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=b5cb1248-dc37-4ad7-ad7d-693b3d84c9fd%40sessionmgr4009 Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 12:24, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Clarke, R. (1997). Privacy and DV, and Org. Strategy. Rogerclarke.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018, from http://www.rogerclarke.com/DV/PStrat.html

van Dicjk, J. (2014). Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology. Surveillance And Society, 12(2), 197-208. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/34cf7d6ca925850fb4d613ef707b0901/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=396354&login=true

Kuhn, M. (2007). Federal Dataveillance : Implications for Constitutional Privacy Protections (pp. 1-49). LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC.

Degli Eposti, S. (2014). When big data meets dataveillance: The hidden side of analytics. Surveillance & Society. Surveillance And Society, 12(2), 209-225. Retrieved from https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/analytics/analytic

http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~cs4920/resources/Roger-Clarke-Intro.pdf Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 11:28, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 14:25, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Lauraf303 (discuss • contribs) 16:05, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 16:59, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 16:57, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 16:00, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 15:54, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:54, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 13:38, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 08:55, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 09:53, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 11:04, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

MaryCastoridae56 (discuss • contribs) 10:26, 2 March 2018 (UTC)

Kgr00003 (discuss • contribs) 14:03, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Kab00094 (discuss • contribs) 13:20, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK
General Feedback
 * Essays of this standard attain the following grade descriptor for the collaborative essay. Whereas not all of the elements here will be directly relevant to your particular response to the brief, this will give you a clearer idea of how the grade you have been given relates to the standards and quality expected of work at this level:
 * Excellent. Among other things, this work will probably demonstrate a complex, critical understanding of the themes of the module. It will communicate very effectively, making excellent and creative use of the possibilities of the form (including links, as well as perhaps copyright-free videos and images, linked to from Wiki Commons), and may be written with some skill and flair. It will make insightful connections between original examples and relevant concepts. It will be informed by serious reading and reflection, is likely to demonstrate originality of thought, and will probably be rewarding and informative for the reader. The wiki markup formatting will be impeccable.

Specific Feedback:


 * You have submitted a an excellent response to the brief. Here you outline a number of arguments that specifically address the theme of always-on, and your discussion of the research evidences a                          thorough, broad and in-depth working knowledge of a wide range of scholarship on your chosen topic. The examples that you have chosen to discuss your theme is exceptionally well-chosen because you are able to address the brief fully, engaging not only with your own thematic area (in relation to a particularly well-judged research question) but also in how this relates to other areas under consideration on this module.


 * My only (very general) misgiving here is that you fdid not make the most of the linking aspects of the platform, to make explicit links with these other areas as they presented themselves in other parts of the wikibook. That said, this is not a punitive comment, merely something for the wish-list.


 * The essay is written in a mature and flowing style, and your argument is well structured, critically engaged, and sustained through appeal to secondary research and evidence from examples. You have demonstrated awareness of the contradictions inherent in the theme itself. Very good work indeed.


 * N.B.:’’’Feedback for your Discussion, engagement and contribs elements for the assessment will be given on your individual User Discussion Pages. Grades for all work will communicated confidentially via Canvas.’’’

GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 11:31, 23 April 2018 (UTC)