Talk:Debates in Digital Culture 2019/Digital Labour

This page is your Essay Discussion Page. It is where you will document planning, logistics, decision-making, delegation of tasks, reading annotations, and so on for your Collaborative Essay class project. Please think carefully about how you will manage and organise this page. Don't forget to keep logged in when contributing to the discussion, and sign each contrib with the four tildes (~) markup. This will form the basis for a good chunk of available marks for this project, so please do contribute regularly and consistently. GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 13:27, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

General Discussion
Hi folks, think we should get the ball rolling as soon as possible, let me know if anyone thinks we should start elsewhere but I'd suggest we really get comfortable with our theme which is | Digital Labour, all feedback is much appreciated. Once we a good idea of the topic we could possibly discuss a structure for our essay and divvy it up between ourselves. If anybody has a different idea of going about this pop it here. Thanks. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 12:50, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

Building on that, here's a | relevant reading, if anybody finds any more maybe reply to me here if that suits? LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 12:56, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

Now, I may be missing the mark slightly, so please let me know if this is a bit too off topic, however I feel that| this gentleman may be a point of interest for our essay. He has worked consistently for years, writing article upon article on the Wikipedia site without asking for a single penny. Maybe it's unimportant as it's less digital labour and more of a passion project? Would love to hear what you all think. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 21:26, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

Okay one last thing before I sign out for the day, upon some reading, it seems our topic is very much interlinked with | the digital economy, we need to be thinking about our essay structure and this could very well be a crucial part of it, whether it be a paragraph or a theme that we must discuss throughout. I'll start working on a draft essay plan for our team ASAP. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 21:51, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

Hay guys, here's my thoughts so far on our theme: I came into this thinking we'd be writing about how revolutionary digital labour is as it allows you to work from wherever you may choose but having looked into it I'm realising how much I was off. Digital labour takes advantage of people in desperate need of work as it targets places with loose/no legislation regarding worker's rights. This means people can be thrown into a workplace in which you sink or swim, a highly competitive market of freelancers who are constantly monitored and who can be let go on the click of a button, and even then, those who do succeed are not making as much as they would with a firm. Don't get me wrong I see the benefits and I even know some people who have high paying non-contact jobs but that is after years of office work. These people who are being brought straight into a digital workplace seem to be in a bit of a lose-lose situation, and on the other end of that these massive corporations (such as the Rockefeller foundation) are benefiting as they do not have to bring in professionals who charge highly. Thought I'd just talk about where I'm at with the theme and who I perceive it thus far. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:16, 9 March 2019 (UTC)

Okay, so having spoken to Dr. Singh, it seems we definitely do need a paragraph on the digital economy however he also mentioned that it should be woven throughout our essay, so, benefits and drawbacks people, lets all get 1, maybe 2 digital labour based points and references in our work. Also welcome new people, I talk a lot and a lot of what I say is wrong, so feel free to correct me whenever I suggest something that has no relevance :) LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:50, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

So with the new members I would suggest 2-3 readings per-individual, if we're working on small sections that are between 200 & 300 words we can easily have an essay with 20+ references. Obviously that's a lot but if we back up all of our thoughts and opinions then we'll have a really tight fact-based essay which I think Greg is looking for. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 16:21, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

Some people are saying that they have done essay contribution already in the team section, can we all put it on the book instead of on our own word documents, it will allow us to work on an essay that will flow a bit better than if we throw it all together at once. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 20:38, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

I found some points that relate to Digital Labour in my journalism reading list (how news is being handed off to online freelancers who will report quicker, and for less)this may be a long shot, but keep an eye out for readings everywhere as this touched on some issues that are prevalent within this theme LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 21:12, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Essay cooperation
The essay should be split up however we should all work off of each other, this section is for posting general knowlage surrounding our chosen points so that we can work analysis/counter analysis (eg; digital labour gives an opportunity to many who would otherwise remain unemployed, but the nature of digital labour can take full advantage of these people) LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 20:34, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

General:

Benefits:

Drawbacks: people can work for faceless bosses who do not have to sympathise with employees and therefor make purely statistical decisions that can be ruthless at times. People in a desperate situation shouldn't be thrown into a highly competitive workplace, it is unethical. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 20:34, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Economy:

Team meetups
We're all busy so it may be difficult to all get together at once, however we should at least meet up with the people who are focusing on the same paragraphs as us. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:57, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

we should try to all meetup together at least once before the due-date. We want our essay to flow well and that wont happen if we all submit our sections at the last hour, so even if the meeting based on structure of the essay more than theme, it's important that the conversation is had LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 16:24, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi everyone, we have 5 days until the hand in, are we available this week as a team meeting would be really important at his point. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 13:13, 24 March 2019 (UTC)

so here goes, I'll try to make a plan here:

Full team: ??? @ ???

Intro/conc:

Benefits: I don't stay at the uni and work at the weekends in Glasgow so I'd probs only be able to make it to a meetup during the week, Monday Tuesday or Thursday if possible :) Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 12:26, 18 March 2019 (UTC)

Drawbacks: Next Sunday (24th) @ Ground House Coffee shop. Note: If this doesn't suit, feel free to edit, we'll work something out :) LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:57, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

I think I should make it on Sunday but I will let you know for sure tomorrow if that is okay? DesFreestone (discuss • contribs) 13:41, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Absolutely, no worries LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 21:09, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Economy:

Essay plan
So far I don't feel that I have done enough reading to write an essay plan but we could maybe consider something along the lines of:

Intro-what is digital labour + the general intro structure highlighting what will be mentioned

Par 1-the benefits of digital labour (work is more accessible, more opportunities online than offline)

par 2-the drawbacks of digital labour (digital labour is often outsourced to workers in areas with poor legislation which allows businesses to underpay)

par 3-currently not sure about this one, but maybe address the digital economy?

conclusion-Good? Bad? Why? + Summary LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 17:20, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

We should discuss weather we are going to take a stance on our essay/wiki. As Dr. Singh mentioned, we can be critical and put forth an opinion as long as e are able to back it up. having looked at a few articles now, I would personally argue that there are huge flaws in digital labour which lead to inequality and unfair working standards. If you want to take an entirely unbiased approach I will happily do that, but I see a better essay coming out of a critical review of the theme which balances both merits and drawbacks and concluding which outweighs the other, and then potentially suggesting what can be done. again, I'm all ears so if you have suggestions for how to write a better essay let me know. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:05, 7 March 2019 (UTC)

I have written a few hundred characters towards my portion of the essay, any feedback would be much appreciated. I would suggest that you all draft out a rough idea of what you want to say on our essay page as it allows us to work off of each other and it willhopeflly lead to a better essay overall. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 18:04, 19 March 2019 (UTC)

I have final drafted my essay section and will post it tonight/tomorrow, I know we have an intro, a benefits paragraph and my first draft for my section in drawbacks but with days to go I think we should think about having a full essay there with time to edit LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:57, 24 March 2019 (UTC)

will I go for a more biased approach to the conclusion then? As we'll have benefits and drawbacks I don't know whether we want a more persuasive or balanced argument with digital media. I can state overall ideas and what our stance is if that sounds all right? Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 21:49, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Hey there, sorry for only getting back to you now, I have found a publication: |Digital labour platforms and the future of work: Towards decent work in the online world International Labour Office – Geneva, ILO, 2018 which I would like to use as my main reference for my drawbacks section, it focuses on crowdworkers' labour and their work being supervised by algorithms which leads to lack of precision when the quality of work is evaluated, giving the workers little to no feedback on why their work was rejected. This lack of communication between labourers and platform management is also quite problematic, which is also discussed in one of the chapters. The chapter I am focusing on is chapter 5: What are the risks and opportunities for crowdworkers? (p.73). Let me know what you think, I think that both of our research combined will provide a good overview of general problems of digital labour. I have added a screenshot of some of the data that was in the publication which might be of interest. DesFreestone (discuss • contribs) 14:35, 27 March 2019 (UTC)



Essay distribution (add yourselves)
It's great to have all of these new people on board, so far we have built an essay plan and divided it among ourselves, since there's more people we should divide it further, here's the current state of things, to avoid overcomplication lets keep groups to 3-max, possibly 4 for benefits and drawbacks as they are the two most important parts of the essay: LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:44, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

Intro 350 words: Arnaumh (discuss • contribs) 11:50, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Benefits 750 words: Alvarocarrena (discuss • contribs) 11:42, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Drawbacks 750 words: LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 6 March 2019 (UTC) & DesFreestone (discuss • contribs) 13:47, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Digital economy 700 words: Ala Venkat (discuss • contribs) 11:44, 12 March 2019 (UTC) & Digitalmediajade (discuss • contribs) 15:41, 17 March 2019 (UTC)

Conclusion 350 words: Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 16:08, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Teams/members
Sign your name here:

Member 1 drawbacks 750 words: LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Member 2 digital economy 700 words: Ala Venkat (discuss • contribs) 11:44, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Member 3 benefits 750 words: Alvarocarrena (discuss • contribs) 11:42, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Member 4 intro & conclusions 700 words (350 + 350): Arnaumh (discuss • contribs) 11:50, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

We can use this space to divide the work between ourselves and discuss how we will put this essay together LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 17:31, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Hay guys, having looked at the readings I find the downsides of digital labour to be the most interesting, so I'm going to start working on a section for our essay that focuses on that, I think since there's 4 of us we should split it up with one person covering intro & conclusions, another focusing on benefits, a third on drawbacks and then one last person talking about the digital economy and how that fits in. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 22:46, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

Guys it would be great to have all the members listed by the end of the week, would like to get this essay plan sorted and have everyone assigned to a sub theme within the topic sooner rather than later. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 15:57, 11 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi Team! I would like to work on Digital Labour benefits. I think that to distribute the work is a good idea. Alvarocarrena (discuss • contribs) 11:47, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi! I can make the introduction and conclusions. Arnaumh (discuss • contribs) 11:55, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Hey guys!! distribute the essay work it sounds good, well I can work on digital economy. Ala Venkat (discuss • contribs) 12:05, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi guys I'm from another group, sorry about our group lack of communication. We were unaware that we were contribution to the same Essay, which we have just been informed about by Greg. I like the work you have already done. Since the entire essay is meant to be 3000 words is there a way to divide the work that you have already done. Or shall we come up with an additional outline. Thanks! Digitalmediajade (discuss • contribs) 13:39, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Hello everyone, I am also in the group that Jade is in, as far as I am aware there is another seminar group besides our two groups which makes a total of 12 people working on this essay. Perhaps it would be smart to stick to your essay plan, and then divide the work of the individual points we are going to make? I would be happy to contribute to the drawbacks section of the essay, how do you feel about this? Would you like me to engage with additional sources to contribute to the points you are wanting to make or do you feel as if you already have a good overview of the topic already? DesFreestone (discuss • contribs) 13:47, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi, yes that sounds ideal, so if we have 12 people then the 5 paragraphs can be split up with 2-3 people per-subtheme, I have already started focusing on the ways that Digital labour can cheat the system in the eastern world, if you would like to focus on the west that could work? also as Greg mentioned, we should probably meet up which I know may be difficult for all 12 so we could maybe meet up in sub themes. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 14:35, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi guys, I'm also in Jade's group. I could work on the benefits section alongside the people working on that if that suits? Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 17:26, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

Yeah that sounds good, I'll add you to the section right now

Hi all! I was not aware that there were new people in the group. I have finished my part on the benefits of digital work and I have written just over 750 words. I think you could help another member with his section. Apologies for the lack of communication. I hope you find an alternative. Alvarocarrena (discuss • contribs)

You can write the conclusions of the work because I'm doing the introduction. You can easily obtain the conclusions from the work of the rest of the group members (only 350 words). Arnaumh (discuss • contribs)

yeah okay that’s fine Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 20:27, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Just read your section on the book, excellent work!

hey there, sorry for my late response, that sounds good to me! I have read the research paper that you are focusing on for the drawbacks in sub Saharan Africa and South East Asia as I thought it was really interesting, so I have a rough idea of what you will be focusing on and can structure my part on similar issues in Europe and North America. I think it would be a good idea to meet, however I believe that it might be quite tricky to try to organize a meeting since this will be quite a busy week for all of us. Have you been able to contact the other members who are also in a group with us? Either way I have added you on facebook, I plan to have my outline and an additional annotated bib for my source by Monday so I could run you through what I was thinking of doing then. Cheers! DesFreestone (discuss • contribs)

Hello, apologies for replying bit late, took a day off to focus on another assignment, glad you are happy with the layout of the paragraph and happy to meet whenever suits you as I am free most days (except Fri/Sat) it would be great to have a full team meetup however that seems unlikely at this point, I'll still push for it but at very leas we should definitely meet up to ensure our halves of the drawbacks paragraph work well together. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 21:23, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Hi guys, So after doing some research as well as looking at what you guys have already uploaded. I was afraid that there would be a lot of overlap in the sections that cover benefits and drawbacks with digital economy as they all interlink in the same thing. Therefore, myself and Alvarocarrena have discussed it would be better if I focussed on strategies and he focussed on Marx. I have uploaded my section. Youre welcome to look over it and give me some feedback and if this sits alright with you guys. thanks. Digitalmediajade (discuss • contribs) 13:15, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Something that I hadn't considered, fantastic read and fits really well into the essay. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 15:32, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

I'm worried that this conclusion is just repeating your guys work too much but I don't know what to do as I was already moved to this section, I guess that's what a conclusion is though, just don't know what else to do other than reinstate your ideas. Don't know if I'm just overthinking.Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 23:33, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

so far it seems good, I like that you plan to take a stance basted on what we're saying. I think its important to reinstate what we're saying but the final stance allows you to work with t and put in some individual research if you want. But yeah, so far, so good. I think your intro is going well LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 15:56, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

okay took that into account, reinstated your guys' sections and just concluded the main idea at the end. Due to it being so late that I got moved I've not really put my own research in like sources but I think it would be so repetitive of the rest of the groups anyway. Also I'm not in charge of the intro so can't take credit but I agree it looks good haha. Conclusion is done if it looks ok Jenniferd1205 (discuss • contribs) 22:33, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

Annotated bibliography task
Graham, M., Hjorth, I., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2017). Digital labour and development: impacts of global digital labour platforms and the gig economy on worker livelihoods. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 23(2), 135-162.

In this article written by Graham, Hjorth & Lehdonvirta, the relatively recent practice of businesses outsourcing for cheap digital labour is explored. The authors have aimed to highlight how the world of digital labour and initiatives such as Rockefeller Foundation’s 7-year Digital Jobs Africa as well as the Malaysian government’s Digital Malaysia strategy allows opportunities in low income areas. The article revolves around interviews conducted with 125 digital workers and 27 digital work stakeholders. This article is incredibly useful to my work as it allows me to better understand not only the opportunities that digital labour provides, but also the ways in which that can be taken advantage of on a largely unlegislated internet. A significant limitation of this reading is its emphasis on cheaper digital labour in Africa and Asia, digital labour is available wherever there is connectivity. The article concludes that although digital labour is growing globally, and more people are able to make a living out of it, there is still ‘uneven power relations’ which can be attributed to the aforementioned lack of regulation online. This article will be used to show the downsides of digital labour and therefor, throughout the collaborative essay. LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 17:05, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Trebor Scholz (2016). Uberworked and Underpaid: How Workers Are Disrupting the Digital Economy. Polity Press, 2016-12-05,p.23-50

The book by Trebor Scholz. Toward a typology of digital labour in a media, as per the book typology of digital labour is closely examine the practices like crowdsourcing, pain in-game labour, and content farming. The Trebor Scholz utilize the digital labour meeting as their main research focus just as investigating guidelines in different nations. According to my own research on the digital economy, which this book has much information about the digital economy. I can say this help me with my research about the digital economy. This book is more about workers are disrupting the digital economy. It also showed the digital labour platforms and “new vectors of the production of wealth”. The article spins around the digital workers likewise this article will be utilized to demonstrate the digital economy of digital labour and subsequently, all through the collaborative essay. Ala Venkat (discuss • contribs) 22:14, 21 March 2019 (UTC)

Online persona task
How I present myself online:

The online world allows us to be whoever we want to be, whether that be our true selves, or ‘create entire alternate identities nothing like their “real-life” counterpart’. (Marwick, 2005). This mini essay will look at who I am online and discuss whether I portray myself in a way that is recognisable to my offline self. It will also discuss my development online through the years and how I and other people have shaped my online identity throughout my time on social media. This essay will support the claims and reflections I make with reference to professionals in the field of social media. There will also be captioned images to reinforce the points made throughout the mini essay.

My identity online is a true reflection of me, but not all of me. I definitely try to have my posts online reflect who I truly am. Therefor I would not say that I hold any sort of persona, however, the Jacob that is presented online is a picture, or a 10 second clip, or a premeditated status post. So as much as I am the same as my online self, people who only know me online will only see posts that I put out, creating an obviously biased view of me. On top of that I only tend to post what I deem significant enough to share with the rest of the world. So, people will not see the days where I lounge about, eating pizza and talking nonsense with my flatmates. One thing that I actively avoid is saying things online that I wouldn’t in real life as there are too many people online who ‘may behave very kindly with his family or friends, but behave arrogantly with others. Here, the person’s identity is reﬂected as being kind in one situation and arrogant in another situation.’ (Kim, Zheng & Gupta, 2011). I also try to stay true to my self so that people don’t expect me to be mister extrovert should I have portrayed myself like that online.



I believe that my online identity has changed over my years on the internet as it has matured along with me, I do not partake in online debates as much as I did when I was younger. I will happily discuss and conversate as I believe remaining respectful and in my niche areas of interest has gained me unlikely friends as; the anonymity and isolation found on the internet may actually enhance group salience, as actors focus on commonalities rather than differences. (Wall, 2007). I have one identity throughout all of social media, but I believe people can portray themselves however they want as long as it’s not at the expense of others. I do believe that I have changed a bit lately, as I have become a writer for a leading MMA website, however it just further solidifies my current online identity; fact base, puppy like enthusiasm regarding fights, opinionated but always willing to discuss, and some occasional cheek that I use to wrap up my articles.



In conclusion, I do my best to remain true to myself, of course I fall short ‘Since there are fewer identity cues available online than face to face, every piece of digital information a person provides, from typing speed to nickname and email address, can and is used to make inferences about them.’ (Marwick, 2013). Therefore, what I share that creates a skewed perception of me as it is all up to how people take it, once I share something to the internet my thoughts and intentions behind it are in the court of public opinion. I believe I have developed this mindset due to my formative years on the internet in which I was a bit more out there, engaging in petty arguments about pointless topics like ‘what is the best skatepark in the UK?’. I now realise, unless I am being personal attacked, and even then, I’ll often just ignore, there is no point in hurling absurdities that I wouldn’t in real life.

References:

•	Wall, M. A. (2007). Social movements and email: Expressions of online identity in the globalization protests. New media & society, 9(2), 258-277.

•	Marwick, A. E. (2005). Selling your self: Online identity in the age of a commodified internet (Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington).

•	Marwick, A. E. (2013). Online identity. A companion to new media dynamics, 355-364.

•	Wall, M. A. (2007). Social movements and email: Expressions of online identity in the globalization protests. New media & society, 9(2), 258-277.

LateRawley (discuss • contribs) 20:41, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

Online Personal Task
I am an online person I use different social networking so, I can say that I am visible online, as I use many and different social networking. The social networking that I use Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, Snapchat, Twitter, Gmail, Google+, YouTube and Amazon Prime. These are the social networks I use. The most I use Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp. I use Instagram to share for my personal information like my photos and videos and all my updates. My Instagram account is public, so I can share my details with anyone in the world. Apart from Instagram, the most social network, I use is Facebook. I use it to chat with my family members and those who don’t use Instagram. Also, use it for my photos and videos and all my updates and I will use my Facebook for some updates about my favourite actors as well. I also believe that my online identity does not differ from my offline identity. All the content that I publish in the social networks (such as Facebook or Instagram) that I use represents me. I do not pretend to be something that I am not to be online.

I can say that my online identity has been changed over my years on the internet as it has matured along with me. Also, I took a challenge not be visible online for at least a year, but I was completely offline for 2 years which I feel very proud. Now, I was completely changed I am not addicted to any social media or mobile phones etc. I have 4 to 5 identities on social media. My current online identity to chat with my close friend and my family. Some of the friends used to lie and show their identity in social media when they need to.

When I was offline then I never used to think about any social media I just used to spend all my time with my family members and my friends also, I used to keep myself very busy so with that I can avoid being in online I can say that it was one of the quite interesting experience for me. When I started being online than slowly I used to avoid my friends and also, I used to not spend spent with my family but now I realised and again I am trying to be offline but now it’s quite difficult to buy for sure I will do that in future.

I conclude, all these are the things I have done. So, it will be quiet interesting if you are not visible online for ages and you will get to know what is the mistake we are doing by spending our whole time in social media and stuff I share something to the internet my thoughts and intentions behind it are in the court of public opinion. These all are my thoughts and I have faced with all of these.

Reference: • Wall, M. A. (2007). Social movements and email: Expressions of online identity in the globalization protests. New media & society, 9(2), 258-277.

INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK: COLLABORATIVE ESSAY
General Feedback: Essays of this standard attain the following grade descriptor for the collaborative essay. Whereas not all of the elements here will be directly relevant to your particular and individual response to the brief, this will give you a more clear idea of how the grade you have been given relates to the standards and quality expected of work at this level:
 * Satisfactory. Among other things, satisfactory standard work may try to relate an idea from the module to an original example, but might not be very convincing. It may waste space on synopsis or description, rather than making a point. It may have spelling or grammatical errors and typos. It might not demonstrate more than a single quick pass at the assignment, informed only by lecture materials and/or cursory reading. It may suggest reading but not thinking (or indeed the reverse). The wiki markup formatting will need some work. The mark given lies at the upper end of this grade band.

Specific Feedback:
 * You have submitted a fairly well written response to the brief. Here you outline a number of arguments that specifically address the theme of ˈˈDigital Labourˈˈ, and your discussion of the research evidences a fairly good working knowledge of a range of relevant scholarship on your chosen topic, in terms of theoretical concepts (such as political economy approaches) and histories (of technology, labour practices, and markets). The examples that you have chosen to discuss your theme are useful, and help establish a fairly logical argument structure.
 * There are some rather obvious points, where relatively simple fixes and processes would have improved the look and feel of this essay dramatically. For example, there tends to be an overreliance on chunks of text, which at times makes the essay a little heavy-going, and uses of wiki mark-up techniques and formatting would have helped. In addition, there are one or two indicators which evidence that some members of the page have taken their eye off the ball – a clear indicator here is that there are signatures and timestamps on the page (I have stated numerous times, and in a number of places in documentation etc.) that signatures aren’t required. I find it surprising that that no-one edited these out (not just those particular users, but in fact, anyone working on the page!).
 * The essay is written in a fairly accessible (if slightly inconsistent) style, and your argument is fairly well structured, is (at times) critically engaged, and you have demonstrated at least a working awareness of some of the contradictions inherent in the theme itself. I would have liked a little less emphasis on the pros/cons structure of the argument, as these tend to read as rather superficial, and as you become locked-in to this “positive vs. negative” approach, it becomes difficult for you to then establish thicker relationships to extrapolate the contradictions to their fullest. It also means that some of the sections repeat previous material without fully exploring the links between sections, which leads to the essay reading a little unevenly. Having said all of this, the essay generally reflects some good work here!

N.B.: Feedback for your discussion, and individual contribs elements for the assessment will be given on your individual User Discussion Pages. Grades for all work will communicated confidentially via Canvas. GregXenon01 (discuss • contribs) 15:02, 1 May 2019 (UTC)