Talk:Cultural Anthropology/Globalization and Migration

Glossary Terms
Use this section to propose key terms from this chapter that can be included in the text Glossary. If you plan to implement edits associated with this key term, please claim it here with your username, or signature of four tildes ( ~ ). Paul James (discuss • contribs) 22:20, 27 October 2017 (UTC) Schaefe2 (discuss • contribs) 20:49, 12 December 2017 (UTC) Franz Boas: A German anthropologist who is known as a pioneer of modern anthropology

Enculturated: When a person learns certain requirements about their surrounding culture and acquires the values and behaviors that are a necessary part of the culture.

Dialect: Discourse between two people with differing view points who hope to reach an understanding.

Key Informant Interview: rigorous and technical interviews that help anthropologists choose an informant/informants.

Judgement Sampling: A sample that is chosen not at random but based off of an experts judgement.

Core: Regions in the core periphery model that are the main regions.

Periphery: Regions that are marginal/dependent

Semi-Periphery: Regions that are semi-marginal and dependent

Slash and burn farming: a specific form of agriculture used to clear forest land for farming where vegetation is cut down and burned off.

Displacement: When people are forcefully/unwillingly removed from their place of living, either directly or indirectly. Schaefe2 (discuss • contribs) 20:57, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

Globalization: When an organization or business starts to work internationally and/or has an impact on other countries.

World System Theory: A theory created by Immanuel Wallerstein that suggests that the whole world operates on a system that some countries gain from and others loose to.

Slash-and-Burn Horticulture: The process of clearing a portion of land by cutting away or burning the present vegetation.

Sex Tourism: When tourists chose their vacation location(s) based on the lack of restrictions on sexual activities. Birosalena (discuss • contribs) 02:11, 4 November 2017 (UTC)Birosalena

Tourist: A person who is traveling or visiting a place for pleasure.

Environmental Degradation: The affect humans have on their surrounding environment.

Americanization: Also known as westernization it is the spread of western culture.

Immanuel Kant: German philosopher who helped pave the way for philosophy.

Trans-Border States: People who are citizens of another state but claim their ancestors remain apart of said state.

Ethos: Character or credibility of a person.

Globalization: A Process in which a business starts to become recognized internationally.

Foraging: used to describe a human or animal when they are frantically looking for food.

Agriculture: the practice of farming and producing large quantities of food for many people. Also includes herding animals for the benefit of humans.

Pastoralism:To take care of animals and tend to them. This is also another branch of agriculture.

Cultural tourism: visits to experience other cultures on a general level

Historical tourism: visits historical sites or monuments

Environmental tourism: visits to experience a completely different environment than the traveler is accustomed to in their home country

Recreational tourism: visits to partake in activities unique to the destination

Ethnic tourism: This is when travelers choose to experience different cultures up front. This often includes performances and attractions that are meaningful to that particular culture. Linerun (discuss • contribs) 02:18, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

Domestic Tourism: residents of a certain country who travel within their country

Inbound Tourism: non-residents who travel within the borders of a given country

Outbound Tourism: residents of one country who travel within another country

Industrialism: a system that is built on the rise of booming companies either economic or social in origin.

Migration: When a species moves from one place to another. Usually a seasonal thing.

Refugees: When a person is forced to leave their country in order to avoid or get away from a war zone.

Long-Distance Nationalism: The feeling of pride towards one’s country from far away.

Cosmopolitanism: Being flexible, adaptive, and open-minded towards other cultures and ways of thinkingW01285340 (discuss • contribs) 21:27, 4 December 2017 (UTC).

Institutional Migrant: People who migrate to a new social institution that still practice many of their own cultural traditions.

Internal migration: the movement of people from one part of a country to another

International migration: the movement of people across international state boundaries to another continent or country

Labor Migrants: workers who move from region to region in order to find work

Refugees: migrants forced to abandon their country due to the threat of violence or disaster

Diaspora: forced or voluntary movement of any population sharing a common ethnic identity who move from their settled area and into a new territory displaced from their former home W01263148 (discuss • contribs) 00:56, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

Internally displaced persons: persons or groups of people who have been forced or pressured to leave their places of residence to avoid various forms of hardship, while staying within their home country

Rapport: a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate well

Systematic: done or acting according to a fixed plan or system

Intrinsic: belonging naturally

Cyclic: occuring in cycles

Metaphysics: a branch of philosophy exploring the fundamental questions

Synergistic: relating to the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects

Periphery: a marginal or secondary position in a group

Influx: an arrival or entry of large numbers of people

Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group

Non Refoulement: the practice of not forcing refugees to return to a country in which they are liable to be persecuted

Horticulture: a small subsistence agriculture, the cultivation of garden or small fields to meet the basic needs of a household

Homogenization: the process of making something (ideals, rituals, morals, etc.) the same or similar (VHartman17 (discuss • contribs) 22:28, 11 December 2017 (UTC))

Reflexivity: the idea that researched ideas and bias can be seen in the work

Consumer Culture - How what a collective buys and consumes eventually forges/alters their society; materialism. Colonization/Cultural Imperialism - A "stronger"/more influential culture taking control of and altering a "smaller" culture to be more like theirs; Westernization. Globalization - Melding smaller collectives into one larger one. tharvey2 Cosmopolitanism - Being able to comfortable share and talk about other cultures besides your own.

hip hop Condry was deleted possibly consolidate instead
An incredible example of globalization is the impact hip hop. − 	Hip-hop is a potent example of the capacity for popular culture to cross national boundaries. Fed by the fashion and entertainment industries and reworked by successive generations, hip-hop is more than a musical form; it is a way of life. Originating in 1970s New York City, hip-hop emerged from inner-city art expressed through graffiti, block parties, break dancing and rapping - all carried out in public areas - to an international cultural entity. Now in the twenty-first century, hip-hop is seen not only in the urban areas of the United States, but all over the world like in South Africa, Brazil, England, India, and Italy. Ian Condry, a cultural anthropologist spent a year and a half, starting in mid 1995 studying the hip-hop culture in Japanese culture. In his article "Japanese Hip-Hop and the Globalization of Culture," Condry investigated how the culture of hip-hop has been translated and adopted by Japan. Although on the surface the Japanese hip-hop culture looks quite similar to American hip-hop culture, there are major differences between the two. The two cultures share the same characteristics such as the loose baggy clothing, large amounts of jewelry or 'bling,' and the classic Nike sneakers. But unlike American hip-hop participants, Japanese hip-hop culture comes secondary to traditional Japanese customs and values. At night between the hours of 1 and 5 am in the morning, a Japanese hip-hop participant is fully indulged in the hip-hop culture. But when the next day begins, they return to their daily traditional Japanese lifestyle - living at home with their parents and being the products of the Japanese educational system. This traditional Japanese lifestyle is strangely being incorporated into hip-hop culture, as Condry's article documents: "Japanese cultural practices do not just disappear" just because people seem to conform to the style of global hip-hop. Much like American culture, Japanese cultures, both traditional and hip hop, are blending together to form a new collecting culture, thus demonstrating the globalization of hip-hop in Japan. Condry provides an excellent example of this by telling how these hip-hop participants went to one another in one of the "genbas" and in the middle of a hip-hop scene exchanging traditional New Year's blessings.

Globalization of hip-hop has reached the country of Italy. Hip-hop in Italy is taken after a type of poetry called ottava rima where stanzas have 8 lines of 11 syllables in a rhyme scheme of abababcc. Ottava rima is a very polished form of hip-hop that sounds almost sing-songy. At first rap in Italy was almost directly the same as it was in the United States, but since the 1980s, the Italians have molded it to be their own. Different dialects of Italy bring out a great variety of the music. Italians use hip-hop as a way to convey what happens in their everyday lives, very similarly to that of American hip-hop, which can be distinguished from rap. Rap generally focuses on living a rich life, partying, and putting down women. The people rap about the Mafia, government corruption, homelessness, and drug addiction. Italian hip-hop artists look at their art as a social protest. It is said that Americans do not recognize hip-hop outside the states but that hasn’t stopped other nation, such as Latin America from trying to get onto the hip-hop map. With time, reggaeton beats are being mixed with American hip-hop and have become quite popular in the clubs. Although these new artists may not be from the “streets” considered appropriate for the scene they are making an impact nonetheless. An American DJ, Wesley Pentz, stumbled across a demo tape while in Brazil finding a brand of music all its own. It consisted of hip-hop, carnival rhythms, and even a bit a samba. The image of hip-hop is no longer just the American “hood” it had begun to take on a global meaning.

Globalization of hip-hop has reached the country of Italy. Hip-hop in Italy is taken after a type of poetry called ottava rima where stanzas have 8 lines of 11 syllables in a rhyme scheme of abababcc. Ottava rima is a very polished form of hip-hop that sounds almost sing-songy. At first rap in Italy was almost directly the same as it was in the United States, but since the 1980s, the Italians have molded it to be their own. Different dialects of Italy bring out a great variety of the music. Italians use hip-hop as a way to convey what happens in their everyday lives, very similarly to that of American hip-hop, which can be distinguished from rap. Rap generally focuses on living a rich life, partying, and putting down women. The people rap about the Mafia, government corruption, homelessness, and drug addiction. Italian hip-hop artists look at their art as a social protest. − 		 − 	It is said that Americans do not recognize hip-hop outside the states but that hasn’t stopped other nation, such as Latin America from trying to get onto the hip-hop map. With time, reggaeton beats are being mixed with American hip-hop and have become quite popular in the clubs. Although these new artists may not be from the “streets” considered appropriate for the scene they are making an impact nonetheless. An American DJ, Wesley Pentz, stumbled across a demo tape while in Brazil finding a brand of music all its own. It consisted of hip-hop, carnival rhythms, and even a bit a samba. The image of hip-hop is no longer just the American “hood” it had begun to take on a global meaning.

Transnational corporations search out labor in impoverished countries like India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam, using mostly young women laborers as a means of production. These workers will work on average 14 hours a day for "sub-poverty wages under horrific conditions." Because of a lack of oversight of the corporations, the workers are allowed to work in dehumanizing, unsafe environments.

Workers are overly worked in dangerous conditions, starting at the age of sixteen. Due to the dangerous machinery, there is a loss of around 40,000 workers fingers every year. While also being exposed to dangerous chemicals, when the United States and other western civilizations won't buy the product because of the exposure to these chemicals. Aside from the dangerous working conditions, sweatshops in China are also known to pay their workers less than minimum wage while overworking them on average of sixteen hours per day.

One factor of agriculture that affects globalization is trade liberalization (the removal of restrictions on the free exchange of goods between nations). For example, small farmers in the Philippines are unable to compete with the prices of the global market controlled by countries with more advanced agricultural technologies. "Whether you look at corn, vegetables, or poultry-major sectors of the agriculture economy have been devastated by imports."  Tourism is largely beneficial to the worldwide economy, but there are also risks associated with it for both the tourists and country being toured. For tourists, issues such as security and health are present whenever they are in a country different than their own. In some cases, cruise ships have dealt with cruise ship outbreaks of contagious diseases. For the country being toured, there are many issues as a result of annually inviting millions of strangers across their borders. Inviting strangers into their country is not their only danger, though. There are a variety of things that can happen to countries who rely on tourism as their main source of economic income. Natural disasters and terrorism are both great dangers when it comes to tourism. For example, hurricane Katrina kept many people from visiting the hot tourist spot, New Orleans, which had been destroyed due to a natural occurrence. In addition, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, many people were reluctant to visit the super city of the world, New York. It is risky for countries to rely solely on tourism because there are unexpected and uncontrollable things that can happen that will keep people from traveling to certain parts of the world. − 		 − 	Tourism is a central industry to the island nation of Jamaica. It is among the leading foreign exchange earners for the nation, and draws many tourists from the English speaking nations as well as from other nations. The island is home to many luxury resorts located on the white sand beaches, and guests to these resorts are treated to many aspects of the Jamaican culture. However, these relaxing settings are far different from the environments of the majority of the inhabitants of Jamaica. The island is urbanized and many citizens earn extremely low wages; this is coupled with the problems the nation faces in the financial sector, such as extremely high inflation and a low GDP. The country of Thailand is also a tourist hotspot. It has been called the “backpacking capital of the world”, and most of its tourism expenses are directed towards those that could accommodate a backpacker. Because of this, many of Thailand’s attractions are remotely cheap, especially around the city of Bangkok. Tourism is central to Thailand, and many civilians sell their own goods in the markets located throughout the country. All across Thailand you can find amazing scenery, delicious food, and low prices, if you know where to look, and Thailand thrives on the income it receives solely from its tourists. − 		 − 	Despite its ability to create lasting economic opportunities in nations such as Thailand, tourism can also have many negative impacts. These go beyond the economic risks which accompany tourist-dependent economies and include both human rights cases of abuse in industries such as sex tourism as well as lasting environmental degradation. Such problems have become increasingly frequent with the rise of tourism as a global phenomenon. − 		 − 	In southeast Asia, specifically Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, sex tourism has become a major industry. In these countries the sex industry represents anywhere from 2 to 14 percent of the annual GDP. Sex tourism is one of the few sectors which has not slowed with economic downturns in the region as tourists are increasingly willing to travel to find prostitutes. The individuals subjected to this industry are often young women or children who have been forced to sell their bodies due to a lack of economic opportunity. This lack of opportunity comes as a result of globalization pushing down wages in poor countries as they in compete in a race to the bottom to provide the greatest access to cheap labor. Once they are forced to turn to the sex trade, workers face physical and sexual abuse from both clients and employers as well as a high rate of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. It is estimated that 0.25 to 1.5 percent of the population of Southeast Asia are currently sex workers.

Another negative consequence of tourism is environmental degradation. All around the world popular tourist destinations face problems due to pollution caused by mass tourist migrations. Tourism is responsible for roughly five percent of the world’s pollution, as cruise ships and airlines circle the globe. The Caribbean, a popular destination for cruises, alone experiences half of the waste dumped in the world’s oceans. This is due in large part to massive cruise ships and extensive beach side resorts which dominate many of the island's coastlines. − 		 − 	Becker, Elizabeth, "Don't Go There: The Whole World Has the Travel Bug. And It's Ravaging the Planet," The Washington Post National Weekly Edition (September 8-14, 2008), p.27. − 		 − 	http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_007994/lang--en/index.htm

older
I added to the tourism section about Thailand's tourism, and gave examples of inbound, outbound, and domestic tourism. Ringk2 (talk) 01:29, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

I changed the example for ethnic tourism because I felt that it didnt fully follow the definition for this type of tourism. Brunerl (talk) 03:58, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

I changed the words "A lot of the workers are illegal immigrants..." to "It is believed that some of the workers are illegal immigrants..." so that it is more respectful to the workers, and so taht this article does not convict them of anything.Marshan2 (talk) 20:27, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

I added to the tourism section of migration in order to clarify and expand the topic Kirschk4 (talk) 20:41, 29 April 2009 (UTC)]

Edited subject grammar in Trans-border States sectionclues1478

I made minor prepositional and plural changes to the Diaspora section.clues1478

Edits made to the Theories of Migration page. Fixed grammar, syntax and added to the bulk of the paragraphs. Torres7840 (talk) 02:33, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

I edited the Globalization page a bit-made a Wiki. link for Theodore Levitt and fixed a few grammatical errors. (Scar8719)

I edited the section on international migration for sentence flow/grammar. Woodworth3702 (talk)

I added an external link to the book "Economies and Cultures" in the institutional migrants section. --Twitch42 (talk) 21:29, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I added an external link to Substantive Citizenship, to help define the word citizenship. --Monroe3191 (talk) 18:03, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

In the Jewish Diaspora section, i cited Nebuchadnezzar with an external link. --Alfred8599 (talk) 08:52, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

Under the heading of Globalization and Migration I added an alternate use of the term 'migration' stating that the Holocaust was an example of forced migration for people of Jewish descent or religion. I added the term 'forced migration' because migration alone does not adequately describe the circumstance for Jewish people during the Holocaust because simply 'migration' does not show the dire necessity for Jewish people to move away.Monroa (talk) 21:39, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

I added an external link to the term UN Partition Plan Palestine, in the article Migration. --Alfred8599 (talk) 08:01, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I edited the grammar and sentence flow in the Cultural Imperialism vs. Hybridization article --Alfred8599 (talk) 07:14, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I deleted an unnecessary comma in the modes of production section --Mason8015 (talk) 05:38, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I made two links to wikipedia in the internally displaced persons sections for the UNHCR and the ICRC edit 2c --Mason8015 (talk) 05:35, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I defined internally displaced persons to fulfill requirement 2a--Mason8015 (talk) 05:29, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I wrote about the internally displaced persons in Sudan to fulfill requirement 2b--Mason8015 (talk) 05:29, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I made the paragraph about the Kayapó consistent by making sure there was an accent over each o.--Mason8015 (talk) 05:23, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I edited the tourism section, corrected grammar and helped the article flow better. --Alfred8599 (talk)

I made the heading of trans-border states under long-distance nationalism bigger so that it would be easier to read. Woodworth3702 (Woodworth3702)

I made the Cultural Imperialism vs. Cultural Hypbridization it's own section. Woodworth3702 (talk)

I made some grammatical changes to the Diaspora section. Woodworth3702 (talk)

I made the headings bold, in the Globalization's Affects on Modes of Production for uniformity. Laurenhuff (talk)

I made a few small changes (sentence flow, grammar) to the Migration section. Woodworth3702 (talk)

I added a more specific, ethnographic reference to my section on consumer culture. --Alfred8599 (talk)

I made some wording in the Globalization of Hip-Hop section more precise, and cleaned up the grammar a bit. Westa8 (talk) 03:51, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

I added a reference to my section on cosmopolitanism. Woodworth3702 (talk)

I edited the How Globalization Affects the Five Modes of Production section, I fixed some grammatical errors and moved some things around. Whitee7 (talk) 04:44, 8 March 2009

I cleaned up some grammatical errors and fixed some misspellings in the section about long distance nationalism. Laurenhuff (talk)

Thank you for adding the paragraph about the risks of tourism, that is an aspect of tourism that I would not think of off the top my head, but after reading it I can see that it is important to the section!--Brown1147 (talk) 19:12, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I clarified the section on pastoralism and added more information to it. --Brown1147 (talk) 19:04, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

In the Migrant work section, I revised the statement,"migrant workers are unskilled laborers", to 'migrant workers primarily focus on jobs that are most plentiful depending on the season'. I found the previous comment to be very general and discriminating. Monroa (talk) 04:46, 30 April 2009 (UTC) (User name: Monroa)

I edited the section about labor migrants for grammar. --Brown1147 (talk) 07:49, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I edited the section on Migration for grammar and for clarity --Brown1147 (talk) 07:41, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I edited the section on the effects of globalization on horticulture for accuracy. --Brown1147 (talk) 07:26, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

The definitions for the five modes of production did not have a lot of detail, but instead of making the definition more complicated and packed full of information, I instead just added internal links to other wikipedia pages so that someone could find more information if necessary.- Hykal0597

In the How Globalization Affects section I revised the explanation for foraging. --Brown1147 (talk) 03:23, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I added Diaspora under Migration and gave a brief description to fulfill ‘requirement 2a anthropological key term or concept’. --Thompson7425 (talk) 02:09, 1 March 2009 (UTC)Thompson7425

I added Long-Distance Nationalism under the section Migration. --Thompson7425 (talk) 02:13, 1 March 2009 (UTC)Thompson7425

Under Dispora I added an example of the Jewish Diaspora --Woolsey8578 (talk) 17:51, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I added Trans-border states under Long-Distance Nationalism--Heerdt9575 (talk) 00:06, 4 March 2009 (UTC)maggie heerdt

Under trans-border states I added more to the definition about participation rights--Heerdt9575 (talk) 00:48, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

In the Tourism section I edited the current paragraph for clarity and added further information about risks associated with tourism. --Lianalewis (talk) 10:24, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

In Trans-border states I edited the paragraph so the flow of the sentences and ideas were better.--Heerdt9575 (talk) 06:56, 6 March 2009 (UTC) I added information on how trans-border states have become more easily carried out--Heerdt9575 (talk) 17:41, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I added a reference to my Trans-border article--Heerdt9575 (talk) 18:17, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I added some more information on nations that discourage and encourage Trans-Border States and long-distance nationalism.--Heerdt9575 (talk) 19:01, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

In the trans-border state section I really liked the examples of all the different countries you used to explain this topic. It was interesting how you tied 9-11 into this topic. It would be interesting to hear more about how long distance nationalism was discouraged in the US. --Hopperm1 (talk) 19:14, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for adding the Long-Distance Tourism Bullet, I never would have thought to add such bullets. It then helped me to add Trans-Border states.--Heerdt9575 (talk) 19:19, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Thanks, and I also feel like I didn't explain 9-11 enough maybe I will do a little more research on the topic and how it relates to Long-Distance Nationalism--Heerdt9575 (talk) 19:19, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

I added an example to the labor migrants section. Kim James

I changed the number list under Different Types of Migrants to bullets because the numbers were matching up weird and not in order. --Ironside3511 (talk) 23:28, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

I made all of the sub-sections of Different Types of Migrants bold text so that the sections can be idetified clearly. --Ironside3511 (talk) 23:31, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

I linked globalization to the Wikipedia site --Mbutler07 (talk) 00:45, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I added information about the two different types of modes of exchange: reciprocity and market exchange. I also edited the section of redistrobution to added more ethnographic examples of it. I also minorly edited the section about the Diaspora, adding clarity to the date and trying to make the paragraph more fluid. -- Gonzales7312 (talk) 18:28, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Thanks, the example you added to the redistribution section is a great addition, and it ties in the more recent information we are learning in class right now to a concept that we learned about earlier this year. Anne Forman (talk) 19:38, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I added the example of the Salvation Army to my own section on Redistribution to provie a medium-scale example, in comparison with my small-scale and large-scale examples. Anne Forman (talk) 20:04, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I added a link to the Wikipedia page for the Big Man/Big Woman example under Redistribution. Anne Forman (talk) 19:57, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I also added a reference page because we didn't have one, so our reference links led to nothing, and I had to add a quote from the textbook. -- Gonzales7312 (talk) 18:28, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for adding the reference page! I was wondering why there wasn't one up earlier but I had no clue how to do it.--Ironside3511 (talk) 07:41, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I linked the Holocaust to the wikipedia site. (under the Migration section)--Ironside3511 (talk) 07:52, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I added egalitarian societies to the top description of Modes of Exchange. Anne Forman (talk) 19:49, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I edited the Modes of Production description to make it flow better. Anne Forman (talk) 20:01, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I linked tourist destinations under the tourism section. Lianalewis (talk) Lianalewis (talk) 23:48, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I improved some grammar and punctuation errors as well as how some of the sentences flow throughout the Migration section. Gill4569 (talk) 00:41, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I added some content to the refugee section and corrected some spelling and grammar mistakes throughout the chapter--Jamesk5 (talk) 01:20, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I made some grammar changes in Globalization to make it flow better. Gongorh (talk)

I changed some grammar on Tourism to make it flow better. Gongorh (talk)

I changed some of the wording in Cultural Imperialism to make it flow better. Gongorh (talk)

I changed the tense to make it all pass tense in Jewish Diaspora. Gongorh (talk)

The heading for "trans-boarder states" was almost too small to read so I made it bigger and then had to make the heading above it "long distance nationalism" bigger as well. Troeppl0637

I made a few phrasing changes to the migration section to give it a better flow --Mallahp (talk) 05:17, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I also changed the wording in the refugee section --Mallahp (talk) 05:18, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

I made some changes to globalization's effects on the modes of production. This was because the previous descriptions showed the effects to be all around positive on foraging and horticulture.--Whitcomb5739 (talk) 02:47, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

The Cosmopolitanism section had cites within the text. These are in the wrong place. I changed a couple of small grammatical errors. Eck4068 (talk) 02:37, 10 March 2009 (UTC) Eck4068

I added a small caveat to the end of the globalization section, mostly to add some balance to the proposed benefits of globalization with a sentence describing its possibility for negative outcomes.--Whitcomb5739 (talk) 03:07, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

I also added the ethnographic example of the diseases brought by Europeans in the 16th century and their devastation on native populations.--Whitcomb5739 (talk) 03:20, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

I changed the wording of the last two sentences of Market Exchange to clarify the content. Holmesa2

I added a photo and a bunch of links to the migrant worker section. I also cleaned up some of the formating issues with the sources.(talk)

I changed "mexicans" to Latin American Hispanics" because "mexicans" is a limiting inaccurate term. Not just Mexicans Come across the boarder for work. I also added more information on how immigration helps our society. Cryerd (talk) 02:35, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

I deleted some of the wordiness in the first section about migration, i then added another example with a source.Johns562 (talk) 03:19, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

I added a paragraph under globalization to clarify the origins of consumer culture and to expound further on the points brought up about corporations' role in shaping perceived social norm. ([User:Weigle8904])

I edited the 5 modes of productions so that the definitions of each were more extensive and comprehendible. Rudkoj (talk)