Structural Biochemistry/Ovarian Cancer

What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer which abnormal cells begin to grow in one or both of a woman's ovaries. An ovary is a small gland, located on both sides of the uterus; it is known for producing and storing eggs.

Causes of Ovarian Cancer
There is no known cause of ovarian cancer, however researchers know that DNA chances can play a factor into cancer causing cells.

Signs & Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
In several cases, ovarian cancer is not diagnosed until it is in its later stages. However, the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer are:
 * Frequent bloating
 * Pelvic or abdominal pain
 * Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
 * Bloating or swollen belly area

If these symptoms persist daily for more than 2 to 3 weeks, it is best to consult a doctor.

There are other symptoms that occur with ovarian cancer, but are not necessarily a sign of cancer. They consist of:
 * Fatigue
 * Indigestion
 * Back pain
 * Pain with intercourse
 * Constipation
 * Menstrual cycle changes

Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer
Unfortunately, ovarian cancer is often not detected in its earlier stages. However, some tests are done if a patient is showing signs of ovarian cancer.

Some exams that are used to diagnose ovarian cancer include:
 * Biopsy
 * Physical exams, including a pelvic exam and a Pap test
 * Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) test to measure amount of protein found on cancer cell surfaces
 * Pelvic and transvaginal ultrasounds
 * Pelvic or abdominal CT scan or MRI

Treating Ovarian Cancer
At the moment, surgery is used to treat all stages of ovarian cancer. Surgery can involve either:
 * Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy)
 * Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes
 * Partial or complete removal of the omentum (the fatty later that covers and cushions the organs in the abdomen)
 * Examination, biopsy, or removal of the lymph node and other tissues in the pelvis and abdomen

Surgery in ovarian cancer has been known to show a high success rate.

Chemotherapy is also an option to treat any remaining cancerous cells after surgery.