Stardew Valley/Farm Buildings

There are several types of buildings you can add to your farm. Some are simple quality life enhancements, others enable you to raise animals. Each building has a footprint using up area on your farm which could be used for other things.

Coop
Coops allow you to keep chickens and other small animals. The base level coop can hold 4 animals. At first, only chickens are available from Marnie, but you can unlock others by upgrading the coop.
 * Footprint: 3x6
 * Initial cost:
 * 4000g
 * Wood x400
 * Stone x100

Barn
Barns allow you to keep cows and other large animals. The base level barn can hold 4 animals. At first, only cows will be available from Marnie, but you can unlock others by upgrading the barn.
 * Footprint: 4x7
 * Initial cost:
 * 6000g
 * Wood x350
 * Stone x150

Well
This is a quality of life upgrade which allows you to fill your watering can at additional location, since at the start of the game it can only be done from a pond.
 * Footprint: 3x3
 * Cost:
 * 1000g
 * Stone x75

Silo
A Silo allows you to store animal food (in other words Hay). Animals can't graze in the winter, and prefer to stay inside in winter, so it's a good idea to keep Hay available for them, and to build a silo before getting any animals. A Silo holds up to 240 pieces of hay.
 * Footprint: 3x3
 * Cost:
 * 100g
 * Stone x100
 * Clay x10
 * Copper Bar x5

Mill
A windmill allows you to process certain foods:
 * Footprint: 2x4
 * Cost:
 * 2500g
 * Wood x150
 * Stone x50
 * Cloth x4
 * Wheat to Flour
 * Unmilled Rice to Rice
 * Beet to Sugar x3

Shed
You can use a shed to store various equipment, for example Kegs, while they are processing raw materials into other products. The interior of the Shed is 9 by 11, so it can place many more pieces of equipment inside than you'd be able to place in the 3 by 7 area of land that the shed uses up. The capacity is reduced somewhat by the need to have paths so you can reach all the equipment.
 * Footprint: 3x7
 * Initial cost:
 * 15000g
 * Wood x300

Fish Pond
Stock this with fish and you can later fish from the pond for more fish.
 * Footprint: 6x6
 * Cost:
 * 5000g
 * Stone x200
 * Seaweed x5
 * Green Algae x5

Cabin
Guest players can reside here in Co-op mode. There are three styles, each with different materials costs.
 * Footprint: 3x5
 * Initial cost:
 * 100g
 * Stone x10
 * Or:
 * 100g
 * Wood x5
 * Fiber x10
 * Or:
 * 100g
 * Wood x10

Stable
Building this will give you a horse which you can ride around the valley. This allows you to travel much faster than on foot.
 * Footprint: 2x4
 * Cost:
 * 10000g
 * Hardwood x100
 * Iron Bar x5

Slime Hutch
You can raise your own Slimes in this building, just like the game Slime Rancher. Note, just like slimes found in the mines, slimes in the Slime Hutch are hostile, though wearing a certain ring will tame them. The slime hutch contains four water buckets on the east side of the room; fill them with water to produce Slime Balls. This is an ideal place to place an egg incubator.
 * Footprint: 6x11
 * Cost:
 * 10000g
 * Stone x500
 * Refined Quartz x10
 * Iridium Bar

Shipping Bin
Place this on your farm for an additional location to place your items to be shipped. This is another shipping bin in addition to the shipping bin that's right next to your farmhouse.
 * Footprint: 1x2
 * Cost:
 * 250g
 * Wood x150