Social and Territorial Varieties of English Pronunciation/British Dialects

Cockney is probably the second most famous British accent. Cockney English refers to the accent or dialect of English traditionally spoken by working-class Londoners.


 * Non-rhoticity
 * Raised vowel in words like trap and cat so these sounds like “trep” and “cet.”
 * Trap-bath split
 * London vowel shift
 * Glottal Stopping
 * L-vocalization
 * Th-Fronting

Estuary English is an accent derived from London English which has achieved a status slightly similar to “General American”.


 * Non-rhoticity
 * Wholly-holy split
 * T-glottalisation
 * L-vocalisation

West Country (Southwest British) refers to a large swath of accents heard in the South of England, starting about fifty miles West of London and extending to the Welsh border.


 * Rhoticity
 * /aɪ/, as in guide or life, more precisely approaches [ɒɪ] or [ɑɪ]
 * /aʊ/, as in house or cow, more precisely approaches [æy] or [ɐʏ]
 * The trap-bath split's

Midlands English divides into East Midlands and West Midlands, but there are no much differences between them.


 * The foot-strut merger
 * is firmly rhotic
 * In some areas, words like "roof" and "root" are pronounced with the FOOT vowel /ʊ/

Northern England English is a group of related dialects in cities like Manchester, Leeds, and Liverpool.


 * The foot-stut merger
 * Non-rhoticity
 * do not have the trap–bath split

Geordie refers to both the people and dialect of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, in Northeast England.


 * The foot-stut merger
 * Non-rhoticity
 * Yod-coalescence in both stressed and unstressed syllables
 * T-glottalization

Welsh English refers to the dialects of English spoken in Wales by Welsh people.


 * Usually non-rhotic.
 * In northern accents, /l/ is frequently strongly velarised [ɫː]
 * Some dialect words imported from the Welsh language.

Scottish English is spoken in the country of Scotland.


 * Rhotic, with trilled or tapped r’s.
 * Glottal stopping of the letter t when in between vowels.
 * has no /ʊ/, instead transferring Scots /u/