Science: A Field Of Wonder/Integumentary System

In studying the structures of the body, it is appropriate to begin with the integument. Like wrapping around a gift, it is the first thing that you see. It is a compound organ because it is structurally double, being made up of the epidermis and dermis. It is also a versatile organ because it performs a wide range of functions, that is why it is also termed as "Jack/Jane of all trades."

Functions of the Integumentary System
The integumentary system forms a shield between the external environment and the inner tissues of the body. The organs of the integumentary system work together to provide and regulate heat, and help in removing waste from the body.

The skin, which is the largest organ of the body is also the principal organ of the integumentary system. It provides protection to the inner tissues. Besides the protection to the organs, the integumentary system has other functions as well. In the deeper layers of the skin, reserved energy in the form of fat is stored to be used in times of need.

The skin has a large number of nerve openings that help us in perceiving the sense of touch, pressure, pain, and changes in temperature.

Beneath the skin are layers that secrete an oily substance which also regulates hear and gives moisture to the skin."Melanin is a primary determinant of skin color."

The Layers of the Skin and Their Functions
The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It consists of epithelial tissues in which the cells are tightly packed together, providing a barrier from the outside of the body.

The dermis is the layer of connective tissues located below the epidermis. It provides support for the skin and it also contains nerve tissues that provide feeling the skin. It also contains muscle tissues that is responsible for giving you goose bumps when you get cold or frightened.

The subcutaneous layer or hypodermis is found beneath the dermis and consists mainly of connective tissues called adipose tissue or fats. It attaches the skin to underlying bones and muscles and also supplies it with blood vessels and nerves."The skin is the largest organ in the body. In adults, the skin covers an area of approximately 2 square meters and accounts for nearly 20% of one's body weight. Its thickness varies from 0.3 - 4.0 mm depending on the location on the body."

Common Skin Diseases
The proper functioning of the integumentary system is important for a healthy body. However, due to external factors and improper hygiene, some diseases affect the skin.

Some of the common skin diseases are as follows:


 * Athletes foot is a fungal infection that causes scaling, flaking, and itching of various areas of the skin. This condition is transmitted mostly in moist areas where people walk barefoot.
 * Eczema is an inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as rashes, severe itching, hives, and in acute cases, blisters and crusts.
 * Psoriasis is a chronic, noncontagious, autoimmune disease. Red and scaly patches or lesions can be observed on the skin.
 * Warts are characterized by tiny, round, rough, tumors found typically on hands and feet. Warts could be contagious, spreading from one person to another via physical contact.
 * Acne is a common human skin disease affecting the skin of the face, upper parts of the chest, and back.

"We lose 30 000 to 40 000 dead skin cells every minute!"

Ways to Take Care of the Skin
Taking care of your skin will benefit your overall health and help you look young.


 * Bathe every day
 * Wash your hands regularly.
 * Keep your nails and skin clean to prevent infections.
 * Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
 * Examine your entire body regularly if there are changes or an abnormal growth that looks different on your skin.