Radiation Oncology/Treatment planning/Motion

Tumor and Organ At Risk Motion

Abdominal Tumors

 * PMID 15817361, 2005 &mdash; "The correlation between internal and external markers for abdominal tumors: implications for respiratory gating." Gierga BP et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1551-8.
 * 4 pts. liver tumors.
 * PMID 15050340, 2004 &mdash; "Quantification of respiration-induced abdominal tumor motion and its impact on IMRT dose distributions." Gierga BP et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Apr 1;58(5):1584-95.
 * Used surgical clips and fluroscopy. 7 pts (6 pancreas, 1 liver).
 * Average peak-to-peak motion (i.e., twice the amplitude): LR < 2mm, CC 7.4mm, AP 3.8mm
 * IMRT plan using PTV margin of 8 mm (accounting for tumor motion only, not setup inaccuracy)

Abdominal Organs

 * Pittsburgh; 2006 PMID 16690437 -- "Abdominal organ motion measured using 4D CT." (Brandner ED, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Jun 1;65(2):554-60.)
 * 4D CT scanning, 13 patients
 * sup-inf organ motion: liver 1.3 cm, spleen 1.3 cm, left kidney 1.1 cm, right kidney 1.3 cm
 * Conclusion: 4D CT can accurately measure abdominal organ motion throughout respiration