Radiation Oncology/Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasm

Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms (PEN)


 * Uncommon tumors, incidence ~4/1,000,000
 * Can be either functional or nonfunctional; common functional tumors include insulinoma and gastrinoma (giving rise to Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES))
 * European Neuroendocrine Society suggests TNM staging and grade are predictive of tumor behavior
 * Treatment for localized PENs is surgical resection or enucleation
 * Lymph node status important prognostic factor, so LND should be considered, especially since tumor size does not correlate with LN status
 * Low grade tumors have excellent long-term outcomes, 5-year OS >90%
 * Intermediate grade tumors with LN+ or DM+ have 5-year OS ~58%