Radiation Oncology/Cytokine therapy


 * Cytokine therapies are designed to alter immune homeostasis with the tumor and provoke or disinhibit immune effectors


 * Often associated with severe dose-limiting toxicities that are manageable with appropriate dosing and are now better understood to induce immune-suppressive humoral factors, suppressive cells, and cellular checkpoints, without consistently inducing a tumor-specific response


 * Cytokines are being investigated clinically with new engineered cytokine mutants (superkines), chimeric antibody-cytokine fusion proteins (immunokines), anticancer vaccines, CPIs, and cancer-directed monoclonal antibodies to increase their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or sustain cellular responses and anticancer efficacy


 * Michele Ardolino et al. Oncotarget. 2015 Aug 14; 6(23): 19346–19347. Cytokine treatment in cancer immunotherapy ( 26305981)


 * Kevin C Conlon et al. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2019 Jan. Cytokines in the Treatment of Cancer ( 29889594)


 * /Interferon alpha (IFNα)
 * /High-dose interleukin-2 (HDIL-2)
 * /Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
 * /IFN gamma (IFNγ)
 * /IL-7
 * /IL-12
 * /IL-21
 * /IL-15