Quenya/Numerals

11 to 19
The numbers 11 to 19 follow the pattern of using the stem form of the numeral with the suffix –quë. There also exists other names for several of these numbers resulting from Tolkien's experimentation of the numeral system:

Note: 20 and onwards
From here, the following numbers are conjectured constructions of what these numbers would be based on the material we know, and are not attested. These are based on the earlier stages of Quenya, going back to Qenya, and our knowledge of Quenya word construction.

The multiples of 10, from 20 to 90, are constructed with either the suffixes –quëan, –quain, or "Qenya" –cain from cainen:

To make a number between the multiples of 10, the units are written first, then the tens (Similar to German and Dutch Numerals):

The numbers between 100 and 200 can be made in the same fashion:

Just as for 12, the numbers 110 and 120 can be written in two different ways:

100 to 1,000
To write the numbers 200 to 900 we use the same prefixes as the multiples of 10, but this time with the suffix –tuxa:

100 Million & Beyond:
Numbers are said to follow the noun, except for er "one, alone". Before atta "two", the noun is in "singular" form.


 * Elda atta "Two Eldar" - lit. "Elves two"


 * Eldar neldë "Three Eldar"


 * Elen atta "Two stars"


 * Eleni neldë "Three stars"

Ordinals
The first three ordinals are irregular, then from four onwards, we remove the last vowel of the cardinal number and add –ëa*

Fractions
Fractions can be made by compounding the numeral with the word asta "month; division, part (esp. one of other equal parts)":

Quotientials
There also exists quotientals that are used when something has happened a certain number of times. They are used as adverbs:


 * er "once"


 * yú twice


 * nel "thrice / three-times"


 * can "four-times"

The higher numbers are formed with the suffix –llumë:

Tengwar Numerals
Writing the numerals in Tengwar is quite different to write compared with Arabic numerals, but not too different from them to give any form of great difficulty in learning it.

As the elves originally used the duodecimal (base-12) number system, they had need for 12 single digits. Note that the letters A and B are used for the values of 10 and 11 in duodecimal.

Tengwar numerals are written from right to left, with the lowest power written first, followed by the next higher power:

Reading Decimal

 * = 01 = 0 ones / 1 ten = 10


 * = 001 = 0 ones / 0 tens / 1 hundred = 100


 * = 321 = 3 ones / 2 tens / 1 hundred = 123


 * = 0241 = 0 ones / 2 tens / 4 hundreds / 1 thousand = 1420

Writing Decimal Notations

Decimal numbers can be given a single dot above the numeral to indicate a decimal number:



Larger numbers in decimal can be given a single bar above the numerals:



Example:
 * = 6102 = 2016 or = 6102 = 2016

Reading Duodecimal
Guide to Duodecimal powers (Duodecimal = Decimal):

0 = 0 - "one", 10 = 12 - "twelve/dozen", 100 = 144 - "gross", 1,000 = 1,728 - "great-gross"


 * = 01 = 0 ones / 1 twelves = 10 = 12 in Decimal


 * = 001 = 0 ones / 0 twelves / 1 gross = 100 = 144 in Decimal


 * = 321 = 3 ones / 2 twelves / 1 gross = 123 = 167 in Decimal


 * = 4A9 = 4 ones / A:10 twelves / 9 grosses = 9A4 = 1420 in Decimal


 * = B001 = B:11 ones / 0 twelves / 0 grosses / 1 great-gross = 100B = 1739 in Decimal

Writing Duodecimal Notations

Duodecimal numbers are indicated by having single dot tehta placed below the numbers. The second digit however is given a circular tehta instead:



Like large decimal numbers, the larger duodecimal numbers can also be given a bar, but is placed below instead:



Example:
 * = 0021 = 1200 Duodecimal = 2016 Decimal


 * = 0021 = 1200 Duodecimal = 2016 Decimal

Not much is known on the names of duodecimal numbers, but a theorised construction of these names can be found at the duodecimal numerals page here.

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