Quenya/Locative

Usage
The locative corresponds to the prepositions "in", "on" and "upon".

It is always used for places:
 * ëan coassë  "I am in a house"


 * i ciryamo ëa i ciryassë  "the sailor is on the ship"


 * i aiwe háma olwassë  "the bird sits upon a branch"

or for a moment or period in time when something happens:


 * utúlien i lómissë  "I have come in the night"

There are two situations in which we don't use the locative:
 * The preposition "into" is translated by mir followed by a nominative:


 * nér vantanë mir i mallë  "a man walked into the street"


 * The preposition "in" can also be used to denote a condition or feeling someone has, in that case we use the preposition mi (or  mí, this is short for  mi +  i):


 * nér vantanë mi mornië  "a man walked in darkness"


 * nér vantanë mí ringa  "a man walked in the cold"

Singular
The basic ending is -ssë after vowels and  -essë after consonants.

Most words simply add this ending:
 * aran "king" &rarr; aranessë


 * tári "queen" &rarr; tárissë


 * vendë "girl" &rarr; vendessë


 * háno "brother" &rarr; hánossë

Words that have a stem-form use this stem-form:
 * sar "pebble" &rarr; sardessë (stem-form  sard-)


 * curo "device" &rarr; curussë (stem-form  curu-)


 * lómë "night" &rarr; lómissë (stem-form  lómi-)

Singular Exceptions
Words ending in -s contract with the ending:


 * arquilis "desert" &rarr; arquilissë

Words ending in -t only get  -së as ending to make  -tsë:


 * ecet "short sword" &rarr; ecetsë

Words ending in -l change  l +  ssë into =  -ldë:


 * menel "heaven" &rarr; meneldë

Words ending in -n change  n +  ssë into =  -ndë:


 * cemen "earth, soil" &rarr; cemendë

Words that in the nominative end on -ssë don't have a locative case, when a locative would be needed they use the preposition  mi:
 * Víressë "April" &rarr; mi Víressë

Stem-forms show quite a lot of exceptions in this case (see ../Stem-forms/):
 * The locative of contracted stems doesn't use the stem-form but the nominative singular:


 * haran "leader" &rarr; harandë (stem-form  harn-)


 * Doubled S-stems simply add -ë to the stem-form:


 * falas "beach" &rarr; falassë (stem-form  falas-)


 * T-stems that add -s also follow this rule:


 * henet "window" &rarr; henetsë (stem-form  henets-)


 * C-stems are changed as follows:


 * quesset "pillow" &rarr; quessexë (stem-form  quessec-)


 * But nelet uses the rule of the T-stems in this case:


 * nelet "tooth" &rarr; neletsë (stem-form  nelc-)


 * M-stems use the nominative instead of the stem-form:


 * talan "floor" &rarr; talandë (stem-form  talam-)

Plural
The ending is -ssen after vowels and  -issen after consonants.


 * macil "sword" &rarr; macilissen


 * elda "elf" &rarr; eldassen

Plural Exceptions
In the plural the different exceptions generally aren't used, only when a word would end on -sissen (or  -cissen) is the ending shortened: Words ending in -s:


 * arquilis "desert" &rarr; arquilissen

Doubled S-stems:


 * falas "beach" &rarr; falassen (stem-form  falas-)

T-stems that add -s:


 * henet "window" &rarr; henetsen (stem-form  henets-)

C-stems:


 * quesset "pillow" &rarr; quessexen (stem-form  quessec-)


 * nelet "tooth" &rarr; neletsen (stem-form  nelc-)

Dual

 * U-duals get -ssë:


 * aldu "a pair of trees" &rarr; aldussë (nom.sing.:  alda)


 * T-duals get -së:


 * ciryat "a pair of ships" &rarr; ciryatsë (nom.sing.:  cirya)


 * aranet "a pair of kings" &rarr; aranetsë (nom.sing.:  aran)

Partitive Plural
We add -ssen or  -ssë to the nominative partitive plural:
 * ciryali "some ships" &rarr; ciryalissen/ciryalissë (nom.sing.:  cirya)

(but the ending -ssen is preferred)

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