Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Labials

Sixth row of Gurmukhi - the Labials
You have already learnt the velars, palatals, retroflexes and dentals besides the vowel carriers and ਸ and ਹ. In this lesson we will learn the letters of the sixth row (ਪ ਵਰਗ) of Gurmukhi consisting the Labials. The Labials are articulated with lips. The Gurmukhi labials are
 * ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ

They are called ਪ - puppa, ਫ - phupha, ਬ - bubba, ਭ - bhubba and  ਮ - mumma. Their pronunciation is ਪ - /p/, ਫ - /ph/, ਬ - /b/, ਭ - /bh/ and ਮ - /m/. Each of them is explained below.
 * ਪ Puppa : This is how words peach and pass are written in Gurmukhi
 * ਪੀ + ਚ = ਪੀਚ = peach
 * ਪਾ + ਸ = ਪਾਸ = pass


 * ਫ Phupha : ਫ is equivalent to /ph/. For illustration of the use of ਫ see these example
 * ਫੋ + ਟੋ = ਫੋਟੋ = photo
 * NB : We have used /ph/ to denote that this sound which is produced by closing both lips (bilabial) is aspirated version of the plosive /p/. The English /f/ or /ph/ are in fact labio-dental fricatives. See Phonetics for more details.


 * ਬ Bubba : ਬ is equivalent to /b/. The words bus and biscuit are written in Gurmukhi as
 * ਬੱ + ਸ = ਬੱਸ = bus
 * ਬਿ + ਸ + ਕੁ + ਟ = ਬਿਸਕੁਟ = biscuit


 * ਭ Bhubba : There is no equivalent of ਭ in English. ਭ sound is produced by combining ਪ with tone in initial position of a word and a tone with ਬ sound elsewhere. Here are some Punjabi examples.
 * ਭਾ + ਰ = ਭਾਰ /bhaar/ = weight
 * ਭਾ + ਗ = ਭਾਗ /bhaag/ = part
 * ਭਾ + ਲੂ = ਭਾਲੂ /bhaloo/ = bear


 * ਮ Mumma : Let's now go to the last letter of this row which is ਮ and is equivalent to /m/. We have already seen Gurmukhi transcription of Pyjama(ਪ + ਜਾ + ਮਾ = ਪਜਾਮਾ) above which illustrates use of ਮ. Here are some examples.
 * ਮਿੰ + ਟ = ਮਿੰਟ /mint/ = minute
 * ਮੈ + ਨ = ਮੈਨ = man

Exercises
1. Use Practice module to write the letters of the fifth row many times in your note book as you did earlier. You can click one of the letters below to go to relevant page of the practice module.
 * ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ

2. Read these English words written in Gurmukhi
 * ਪਾਸ
 * ਪੀਚ
 * ਬੱਸ
 * 1) ਬੀਸਟ
 * ਬੂਮ

3. Write the following words in Gurmukhi and English.
 * ਬਜਟ
 * 1) ਮੱਟਨ
 * 2) ਪਿਕਨਿਕ
 * ਮੈਚ
 * ਬੀਕ

4. Write these English words in Gurmukhi
 * Aim
 * 1) Boot
 * 2) Peach
 * 3) Pakistan
 * 4) Bharat
 * 5) Madam
 * 6) Matter
 * 7) Bucket
 * 8) Mikhail
 * 9) Concept

Summary
In this lesson we have learnt the five letters of the second row of Gurmukhi script. These letter are ਪ puppa, ਫ phupha, ਬ bubba, ਭ bhubba and ਮ mumma. In the next lesson we will introduce the next five letters of Gurmukhi.