Proto-Germanic/Pronouns and numbers

Welcome to the first lesson of Proto-Germanic!

First and second person
Unlike almost all modern Germanic languages, Proto-Germanic personal pronouns still has dual forms (except those were non-existent for the third person). In Gothic, however, ending *-az in the genitive forms are replaced by ones ending in *-ō (yielding *mīnō, *þīnō, *unserō, *izwerō, *unkerō and *inkerō). Unstressed forms of monosyllabic personal pronouns are formed by raising *-e- to *-i-, so *ek yields unstressed *ik, *wet yields *wit, and *mek yields *mik.

Third person
The third person pronouns, however, are very diverse throughout the family (Old English he, but Gothic es). The table below, however, are extracted from the corresponding Wikipedia article about the grammar of Proto-Germanic.

Derivatives

 * Cardinal: Usually formed by the suffix *-dô, however, it instead becomes *-tô after voiceless consonants (*fimf "five" → *fimftô "fifth"). Some numbers have irregular forms:
 * *ainaz → *frumô "first"
 * *twō → *anþeraz "second"
 * *þrīz → *þridjô "third"
 * *fedwōr → *fedurþô "fourth"
 * *sehs → *sehtô "sixth"
 * *ahtōu → *ahtudô "eighth"