Polish/Nominative case

The nominative case is used in the following situations:
 * 1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.
 * 2) * Gosia pisze książkę. - Gosia is writing a book. (Gosia in nominative because she is the subject of the sentence)
 * 3) Used for most lone adjectives and sentences of the type "to jest …".
 * 4) * Piotr jest przystojny. - Piotr is handsome. (przystojny is in the nominative)
 * 5) * To jest moja żona. - This is my wife. (moja żona is in the nominative)
 * 6) Out of context (such as in a dictionary)

The nominative answers the questions who? (kto?) and what? (co?).

Singular
This is the form that is found in dictionaries, so it is generally what is memorized when learning vocabulary. The greatest part of learning the cases is converting from the singular nominative to other cases.

Noun Declension
* Stems ending in -ń, -ś, -ść (particularly abstract nouns), and some ending in -sz (mysz) and -c (noc)

Plural
In the plural form, nouns in Polish are declined based on gender, either as virile (masculine personal) or nonvirile (masculine animate, masculine inanimate, feminine, and neuter).

Noun Declension
The apostrophe indicates historical softening. Before continuing, it may be helpful to reference the table of hard and soft consonants.

* Stems ending in certain hard consonants change as follows: