Nanotechnology/Overview of Production methods


 * Chemical vapor deposition
 * Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE)
 * Arc discharge where an electical arc is made between rods of the precursor materials.
 * Physical vapor deposition
 * Molecular beam epitaxy using solid sources and Chemical beam epitaxy using gaseous sources.
 * Epitaxy in general.
 * Atomic layer epitaxy where only a few monolayers are deposited and bond to chemisorption sites on the surface.
 * Self-assembled monolayers
 * metal organic chemical vapor deposition abbreviation as MOCVD
 * atomic layer deposition, for depositing uniform thin films one atomic layer at a time (By [http://www.fmnt.fi/index.pl?id=2913&isa=Category&op=show Dr. Tuomo Suntola and co-workers in Finland.)

=Types of nanometal synthesis= The most common types of nanometal synthesis deal with 'wet' methods in which metal nanoparticles are produced in a colloid with an organic material of some sort.

Gold nanoparticles can be produced by either:

1) Reduction of HAuCl4 in a solution of sodium citrate, then boiling it, causing gold nanoparticles to form in a wine-red solution. 2) Mixing HAuCl4 in water, which produces a solution that is subsequently transferred into toluene using tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB), a phase transfer catalyst. Phase transfer catalysts help reactants dissolve in organic (carbon-containing) material where the reactant otherwise couldn't w/o the PTC. Afterwards, the solution is stirred with sodium borohydride, in the presence of certain alkanes, which bind to the gold in the solution, allowing for the formation of gold nanoparticles.

Synthesis of other metal nanoparticles can possibly be achieved by reducing metal salts in organic solvents such as ethanol, or by variations of the above methods which synthesize gold nanoparticles.

=References=

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