Na'vi/English–Na'vi dictionary

This vocabulary is a simple list of the English glosses in the Naʼvi–English dictionary.

Multiple senses of words, which are often ambiguous in English but not in Naʼvi, may be distinguished as (n) noun, (v) verb, (adj) adjective, (adv) adverb, (trans) transitive, (intrans) intransitive. A few Terran animals are given approximate Pandoran equivalents. Exclamations which cannot be easily translated are listed at the end. Stressed syllables are bold. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z • Discourse particles

A

 * abandon: txìng
 * able: tsusun. be able: tsun
 * about: concerning: teri, -ìri. about to: ‹ìy›.
 * above: io. from above: taʼem.
 * across: ka
 * action: kem
 * add: sung
 * afar: alìm
 * afraid: be afraid: txopu si
 * after (time) maw. afterwards: mawkrr. right after: pximaw.
 * afternoon: haʼngir, (late) kaym
 * again: nìmun
 * against, counter to: wä+
 * aged: koak
 * ago: just a moment ago: pxiswawam. Thursday two weeks ago: mesrrmrrvam.
 * agree: mllte
 * agreement: come to an agreement: molte
 * aim: (v) kan. (n) tìkan.
 * air: ya
 * alala!: ìley!
 * alien: (n) ketuwong. (adj) kewong.
 * alike: teng
 * alive: rusey. be alive: rey.
 * all: all of (it, you, them): nìwotx. all the time / at all times: frakrr. not at all: ke ... kawʼit.
 * allow: tung
 * almost: stum
 * alone (of a person) nìʼawtu
 * along: ìlä+, ìlä+
 * also: kop, nìteng
 * although: hufwa
 * always: frakrr
 * am: lu
 * amazing (be amazing) wou (slang)
 * among: kip
 * amount: hìmtxan. (small) ʼit.
 * ancestor: pizayu
 * and: (between phrases) sì. (between clauses) ulte. and you?: nga tut?
 * anger: (v) steyki. (n) tìsti.
 * angry: be angry: sti. angrily: nìsti.
 * animal: ioang
 * another one: lapo
 * answer: (v) ʼeyng, ting tìʼeyngit. (n) tìʼeyng. in answer: nìʼeyng.
 * apart, divided: keʼaw
 * apologize: tsapʼalute si
 * apology: tsapʼalute
 * apparently: tatlam
 * appear: lam
 * appearance (look) tìlam
 * appetizing: pxasul
 * approach: lok
 * are: lu. aren't they?: kefya srak? kefyak?
 * arm: pxun. (pair of) arms: mepun.
 * around (spatial) pxaw
 * arrival: tìpähem
 * arrive: pähem, pate
 * arrow: swizaw
 * art: tseo. (visual) reltseo.
 * ? artifact: tìngop
 * artist (visual) reltseotu
 * as (like) na, pxel, nì-. (the same way as) tengfya. (as for) -ìri.
 * aside: step/move aside: (give way) tìng tseng. (move) rikx.
 * ask: pawm
 * ass (rear end) txìm
 * assist: srung si
 * assistance: srung
 * at: ro+
 * attack (v) ʼeko
 * attempt (v) fmi
 * attention: pay attention: eltu si
 * auspicious: etrìp
 * avatar: uniltìrantokx
 * await: pey
 * awake: txen
 * aware: be aware, be in tune: kame
 * away: (direction) neto. (position) mìso.

B

 * baby: prrnen
 * back: (of body) txal. (rear part) käpxì. (direction) neʼìm. (in response) nìʼeyng. come back, go back, return: tätxaw. move back, step aside: rikx. to back down: tìng tseng
 * bad (adj) kawng
 * badge: pätsì
 * balance of life: reyʼeng
 * ball: rum
 * banshee (flying mount) ikran
 * barricade, barrier: ekxan
 * bat (animal, approx.) riti
 * bathe (wash oneself) yäpur
 * battle group: wempongu
 * brave: tstew
 * be (am, is, are): lu. be at, occupy a space: tok.
 * beat (n) ʼekong
 * beautiful: (of people) sevin. (of things; pleasant to the senses) lor
 * beauty (of things) tìlor
 * because: (for that reason) taluna (talun), alunta. (due to that cause) taweyka (taweyk), aweykta. because of that: tafral.
 * become: slu
 * before: (time) sre+. (beforehand) srekrr. (in front of) eo. just before, right before (time) pxisre+.
 * begin: (intrans.) sngäʼi. (begin something) sngeykäʼi.
 * beginning: sngäʼikrr
 * behind: uo. leave behind: txìng.
 * believe: spaw
 * beloved (adj.) yawne. (loved one) yawnetu, yawntu
 * below: äo
 * best: (adj) swey. (adv) nìswey.
 * betray: kavuk si
 * betrayal: kavuk
 * between: mìkam
 * big (in size or stature) tsawl. get big (grow): tsawl slu.
 * bind: yìm
 * bird: yayo
 * bit: a bit: (n) ʼit. (adv) nìʼit.
 * bite: frìp
 * bitter: syäʼä
 * black: layon
 * bless: be blessed: Nawma Saʼnok lrrtok si [with dative]
 * blind: kakrel
 * blood: reypay
 * bloom, blossom (v) ʼong
 * blow, strike (n) tìtakuk
 * blue, green: ean. in blue: nìean.
 * body: tokx
 * bond: (neural connection) tsaheylu. (establish a neural connection) tsaheyl si.
 * book: puk
 * boom! (sound of thunder) kxangangang
 * border: pxawpa
 * bottom: kllpa
 * bow (weapon) tsko. bow and arrow: tsko swizaw.
 * brain: eltu
 * brainworm (hallucinogenic) eltungawng
 * branch (of a tree) vul
 * brave: tstew. brave person, hero: txantstew.
 * bread (approx.) tsyosyu
 * brief (adj) yol
 * bring: (take to a place) munge. (bring here) zamunge.
 * broken: fwel
 * brother: (sibling) tsmuk, tsmuktu. (male) tsmukan.
 * bud (n) prrnesyul
 * bug: hìʼang
 * build (v) txula
 * building (a thing built): tìtxula
 * bulk (the major part) txampxì
 * bull (approx.) talioang
 * burn (v) nekx
 * but: (basic sense) slä. (however) ngian. (except) mungwrr, -mungwrr.
 * butt (rear end) txìm
 * by, along: ìlä+, ìlä+

C

 * call (v) syaw
 * calm: mawey. calmly: nìmwey.
 * camp: (n) ʼawm. (v) tìʼawm si.
 * camping: tìʼawm
 * can, be able: tsun
 * captive: speʼetu
 * capture: speʼe
 * careful: be careful: nari si
 * carry, bring: munge
 * case: in that case: ha
 * catch (v) stäʼnì
 * cattle (approx.) talioang
 * cause: (reason, source) oeyk. (produce) sleyku.
 * ceaselessly: nìlkeftang
 * celebration: ftxozä
 * center (n) kxamtseng
 * ceremonious: ʼeoio. ceremoniously: nìʼeoio.
 * certain: law
 * challenge (ceremonial) fpeio
 * chance, opportunity: skxom
 * change (intransitive) latem. (change something) leykatem.
 * charge: (running attack) kxll. (to attack) kxll si. be in charge, be responsible: kllfroʼ.
 * chase (v) fewi
 * chat: (v) pängkxo. (n) tìpängkxo
 * check (v) steftxaw
 * child: ʼeveng. (kid) ʼevi.
 * chin: tsuksìm
 * choice: tìftxey
 * choose: ftxey
 * circumference: pxawpa
 * clan: oloʼ
 * clan leader: oloʼeyktan
 * clean: laro
 * clear, certain: law
 * clearly: nìlaw, nìfyaʼo alaw
 * clever: (person) kanu. (idea, plan) sìlronsem.
 * cliff: ʼawkx
 * close (v) tstu si
 * close (adj): (be close to) lok. (close by) asim.
 * closed: tstu
 * club (weapon) txewk
 * cold: wew. I feel cold: oe ʼefu wew.
 * colleague: lertu
 * color: ʼopin
 * come: zaʼu. come back, go back: tätxaw.
 * common: (ordinary) letrrtrr.
 * commune: tireapängkxo
 * comparatively: to
 * complete: ʼänsyem
 * completely: nìwotx
 * comprehension tìtslam
 * computer: eltu lefngap
 * concerning: teri, -ìri
 * conclude (end) ʼiʼa
 * conclusion (end) tìʼiʼa
 * congratulations!: aylrrtok ngaru
 * connect with (establish a neural connection) tsaheyl si
 * connection (neural) tsaheylu
 * constantly: nìlkeftang, nìtut
 * construct (v) txula
 * construction: tìtxula (activity or object)
 * consume: nekx
 * continually: nìtut, nìlkeftang
 * continuation: tìtut
 * conversation: tìpängkxo
 * converse: pängkxo
 * convey, take: munge
 * cook (v) ʼem
 * cord (chord? musical?) telem
 * correct (adj) eyawr
 * correctness: tìyawr
 * counter to, against: wä+
 * cover, lid: lew. to cover: lew si.
 * cow (approx.) talioang
 * crazy, insane: lekyeʼung
 * create: ngop
 * creation: tìngop
 * creator: ngopyu
 * creature: swirä
 * crossbow: tskalep
 * cry (weep) tsngawvìk
 * cup (n) tsngal
 * cut (v) munʼi

D

 * daddy: sempu
 * daily: (adv) fratrr. (adj) letrr.
 * dance (v) srew
 * danger: hrrap
 * dangerous: lehrrap
 * dark: vawm
 * darkness: tìvawm
 * daughter: ʼite
 * dawn (nautical twilight, enough light to navigate) trrʼong. (just before dawn, astronomical twilight, stars disappearing) sresrrʼong. (just after dawn, civil twilight, bright enough to work) trrʼongmaw.
 * day: trr. Good day!: trr lefpom.
 * dead (adj) kerusey
 * death: (Death, abstract) tìterkup. (of an individual) kxitx.
 * decide: peʼun
 * decision: tìpeʼun
 * deed (n) kem
 * defeat: be defeated (fall) zup
 * deer (approx.) yerik
 * defend: zong
 * delicious: lor
 * demon: vrrtep
 * depart: hum
 * descend: kllkä
 * destroy: skaʼa
 * destruction: tìskaʼa
 * die: terkup
 * difference: tìketeng
 * different: keteng
 * dig up: kllkulat
 * dim-witted: snumìna
 * dinner: wutso
 * dip into liquid: (n) yemfpay. (v) yemfpay si.
 * direhorse: paʼli
 * dirty: tsewtx
 * discover: run
 * discuss: pängkxo
 * discussion: tìpängkxo
 * distant: (be distant) lìm. (at a distance) alìm.
 * dive (v) tawng
 * divided: keʼaw
 * do: si. (suffice) tam. 'that will do': tam tam.
 * doctor (title) toktor
 * dog (approx.) nantang
 * done: hasey
 * don't!: räʼä
 * dozen: vosìng. two dozen (octal: 30) pxevol
 * down: downward: nekll. 'Get down!': ne kllte!. 'You're going down!': ngeyä kxetse lu oeru!
 * dragon (approx.) toruk
 * draw: (illustrate) weyn. (pull) zaʼärìp.
 * dream (n) unil
 * Dream Hunt: Uniltaron
 * dreamwalker: uniltìranyu
 * drink (v) näk
 * drive out: kurakx
 * drop: (v.trans) tungzup. (fall) zup.
 * drum (made of skin) au
 * dry: ukxo
 * dull (of a blade) tete
 * dunk: (n) yemfpay. (v) yemfpay si.
 * during: krr a, a krr, etc.
 * dusk (nautical twilight, enough light to navigate) txonʼong. (just before dusk, civil twilight, still enough light to work) sretonʼong. (just after dusk, astronomical twilight, stars appearing) txonʼongmaw.
 * dwell: kelku si

E

 * ear: mikyun. (pair of) ears: memikyun.
 * Earth: ʼRrta. Earth Day: Trr ʼRrtayä.
 * easily: nìftue
 * easy: ftue
 * eat: yom
 * edge (perimeter) pxawpa
 * eh?: ko
 * eight (octal: 10) vol. (human digit '8') ʼeyt.
 * eighteen (octal: 22) mevomun
 * eighteenth (number eighteen) mevomuve
 * eighth (number eight) volve
 * eighty (exact; octal: 120) zam mevol.
 * either: either A or B: A, B, ke tsranten.
 * elbow: pxuntil
 * eleven (octal: 13) vopey
 * eleventh (number eleven) vopeyve
 * else: or else: txokefyaw. someone else, something else: lapo.
 * encounter (v) ultxarun
 * end: (v) ʼiʼa. (n) tìʼiʼa.
 * ending: tìʼiʼa
 * enemy: kxutu
 * English: ʼÌnglìsì. in English: nìʼÌnglìsì.
 * enjoyable: mowan. (of an activity) prrteʼ.
 * enough: (adj) letam. (after an adjective) nìtam. (be enough) tam.
 * enter: fpxäkìm
 * equal: teng
 * erect: pxim. (sit) erectly: nìpxim.
 * error: (mistake) kxeyey. (incorrectness) tìkxey.
 * especially: nìpxi
 * even: (level) ʼengeng. (adv) keng. not even once: ke keng ʼawlo. [stress?] even so: tsalsungay.
 * evening: (dusk) txonʼong. (late afternoon) kaym.
 * every: fra-. every day: fratrr. every night: fratxon. everyone: frapo. everything: fraʼu. everywhere: fratseng. every time: fralo.
 * everyday, ordinary: letrrtrr
 * evil (adj) kawng. (n) tìkawng.
 * examine, check: steftxaw
 * example (n) tìkenong. be an example: kenong.
 * excellent: txantsan
 * except: mungwrr
 * excess (overabundance) hawng
 * excessive: lehawng. excessively: nìhawng.
 * exercise, practice (n) tskxekeng
 * explain, explain why: oeyktìng
 * explanation: tìoeyktìng
 * explode: pxor
 * expression (phrase) lìʼfyavi
 * eye: nari. eyes (2, of person) menari, (4, of horse, banshee) aynari.

F

 * face: key
 * fair: muiä
 * fall (v) zup
 * false: tsleng
 * family: soaia
 * far: (be far) lìm. (far away) alìm.
 * fascinating (be fascinating) wou (slang)
 * fast: (quick) win. (quickly) nìwin.
 * fasten: yän
 * fate: syay
 * father: sempul
 * favorable: etrìp
 * fear: (n) txopu. (v) txopu si.
 * feed: yomtìng
 * feel: ʼefu
 * feeling: tìʼefu
 * female (person) tute
 * few: hol
 * field (open terrain) txayo
 * fifteen (octal: 17) vohin
 * fifteenth (number fifteen) vohive
 * fifth (number five) mrrve
 * fifty (exact; octal: 62) puvolmune, (approx.) puvol
 * fight (n) wem
 * fill (v) teya si
 * final: syen
 * find (v) run
 * finger: zekwä
 * finished: hasey
 * fire: txep
 * first: ʼawve, nìʼawve
 * fish (n) payoang
 * five: mrr. five hundred (approx.) vozam. five thousand (approx.) zazam. [stress?]
 * flesh: vey
 * floating mountains: iknimaya
 * flour: tsyo
 * flower: syulang. (blue sp.) seze.
 * fly (v) tswayon
 * foe: kxutu
 * follow: (proceed after) nong. (track) sutx. (travel along) kä/zaʼu ìlä.
 * food: syuve. (vegetable) fkxen. (animal) vey. (meat) tsngan. (from flour) tsyosyu.
 * foot: venu. (pair of) feet: mevenu.
 * for (for the sake of) fpi+
 * forbidden: kxanì
 * forest: naʼrìng
 * forever: (until the end of time) tìʼiʼavay krrä. (incessantly) nìlkeftang.
 * forget: tswaʼ
 * forgive: forgive me: ngaytxoa
 * forgiveness: txoa
 * formal: skepek
 * former: spuwin
 * fortunate: be fortunate: Nawma Saʼnok lrrtok si [with dative]
 * fortune: aylrrtok (from Eywa)
 * forty (exact; octal: 50) mrrvol
 * foul (taste or smell) väʼ. (do wrong) tìkxey si
 * four: tsìng. four hundred (approx.) puzam. four thousand (approx.) zazam.
 * fourteen (octal: 16) vofu
 * fourteenth (number fourteen) vofuve
 * fourth (number four) tsìve
 * freckle (bioluminescent) tanhì
 * fresh (appealing as food) pxasul
 * Friday (Earth calendar) trrpuve
 * friend: ʼeylan
 * friendship: tìʼeylan
 * from: ta. (direction) ftu. from above: taʼem. from among: takip. from up among: tafkip.
 * front (part or section) zapxì. in front of: eo.
 * full: teya
 * fungus: spxam
 * funny (odd) hiyìk
 * future: zusawkrr

G

 * game: uvan
 * garbage: sngel. garbage dump: sngeltseng.
 * get: (receive) tel. (understand) tslam. Got it!: tslolam.
 * give: tìng. give way: tìng tseng.
 * glad: be glad teya si [with dative]
 * go: (move) kä. (go on, proceed) salew. go after, follow: nong. go down: kllkä. go in: fpxäkìm. go near: lok.
 * goal (target) tìkan
 * God (Gaea): Eywa, Nawma Saʼnok
 * good: sìltsan. (appealing as food) pxasul.
 * goodbye: (farewell) Eywa ngahu. (see you soon) kìyevame
 * good night (sleep well) hivahaw nìmwey.
 * Got it!: tslolam
 * grab: niä
 * grant (v) teswotìng
 * grassroots movement: ngrrpongu
 * great (noble) nawm. (in quantity) txan. great person: nawmtu.
 * Great Leonopteryx (animal like a large banshee) toruk
 * greed: tìtxanew
 * greedy: txanew
 * green, blue: ean. in green: nìean
 * grok: kame
 * ground: kllte
 * group: (of people) pongu. (battle group) wempongu.
 * grow: tsawl slu
 * guest: frrtu
 * guidance: tìfyawìntxu
 * guide: fyawìntxu
 * guideline, rule: koren
 * gunship: kunsìp

H

 * hair: nikre (aynikre ?)
 * Hallelujah Mountains: iknimaya
 * halt (v) txey
 * Hammerhead Titanothere (animal like a rhino) ʼangtsìk
 * hand: tsyokx. (pair of) hands: mesyokx.
 * happen: len
 * happiness, peace: fpom; aylrrtok (from Eywa)
 * happy (of occasions) lefpom. (of people) nitram. be happy: ʼefu nitram. happy (celebration) aylrrtok [with dative]
 * hard: txaʼ
 * harm (n) kxu
 * harmless: kxuke
 * harmonious: meʼem
 * harmony: tìmeʼem. (with nature) meoauniaea.
 * hateful: fkay
 * have: lu [with dative]
 * he: po, poan
 * head: reʼo
 * health (physical) fpomtokx
 * healthy: lefpomtokx
 * hear: stawm
 * heart: txeʼlan. with all one's heart: nìftxavang.
 * heavy (weight) kuʼup
 * heed: lek
 * Hellfire Wasp: zizeʼ
 * hello: kaltxì
 * help: (n) srung. (v) srung si.
 * her: (gen) peyä. (acc) pot, poti. (dat) por, poru. (after prep.) po.
 * here: fìtsenge, fìtseng [syll?]
 * hero: txantstew
 * Hexapede (animal like a deer) yerik
 * hey! (anger, annoyance) oìsss! (threat) saa! (warning, frustration) tsa-hey!, wiya!
 * high: kxayl
 * him: (acc) pot, poti. (dat) por, poru. (after prep.) po.
 * hinge: til
 * his: peyä
 * hit, strike (v) takuk
 * hold off (suspend action) fpak
 * home: kelku
 * Hometree: Kelutral [stress?]
 * honor (n) meuia
 * hookah gourd: txllʼu [stress?]
 * hope (v) sìlpey
 * horse (approx.) paʼli
 * hot: som. (to feel that one is hot) ʼefu som.
 * house: kelku
 * how?: pefya?, fyape?
 * how many?: polpxay?, holpxaype?
 * how much?: pìmtxan? hìmtxampe?
 * however: ngian
 * howl (n) nguway
 * human (n) tawtute
 * hundred: (exact, octal: 144) zam tsìvosìng. (approx.) zam fu mezam. two hundred (approx.) : pxezam. five hundred (approx.) vozam
 * hunger: tìohakx
 * hungry: ohakx. be hungry: ʼefu ohakx
 * hunt: (v) taron. (n) tìtaron.
 * hunter: taronyu
 * hurry (be in a hurry) win säpi
 * hurt: (be painful) tìsraw si. (hurt someone or something) tìsraw seyki.

I

 * I: oe (we- when inflected). (deferential and ceremonial form) ohe.
 * idea: säfpìl
 * idiot: skxawng
 * if: txo. if not: txokefyaw.
 * illness: (disease) säspxin. (state of being ill) tìspxin.
 * image (n) rel
 * immediately: (right now) pxiset. (very soon) pxiyeʼrìn
 * immerse: yemfpay si
 * immersion: yemfpay
 * important: letsranten. be important: tsranten.
 * impossible: keltsun
 * in: mì+
 * incessantly: nìlkeftang
 * incorrect: keyawr
 * incorrectness: tìkxey
 * individual (n) ʼawpo
 * individuality (negative connotation) tìʼawpo
 * infant: prrnen
 * inharmonious, divided: keʼaw
 * insane: lekyeʼung
 * insanity: keyeʼung
 * insect (approx.) hìʼang
 * inside: mìfa, mìfa
 * instance: alo
 * instead of: tup
 * instruct: sänume si
 * instruction: sänume
 * insult (n) zoplo
 * intelligence: tìkanu. (understanding) tìtslam.
 * intelligent: kanu. intelligently: nìkanu.
 * interesting (be interesting) eltur tìtxen si
 * interpret: ralpeng
 * into (direction) nemfa
 * intriguing (be intriguing) eltur tìtxen si
 * invention: tìngop
 * is: lu. isn't it? isn't that so?: kefya srak? kefyak?
 * it: (animate) po. (inanimate) tsaʼu ~ tsaw.
 * itch (v) fkxake
 * its: (animate) peyä. (inanimate) tseyä.

J

 * jellyfish (aerial, approx) fpxafaw
 * join two things together: ʼawstengyem
 * joint (n) til
 * journey: tìsop
 * joyous (of occassions) lefpom
 * jump (v) spä
 * just: (fair, justified) muiä. (only) nìʼaw. just before: pxisre. just after: pximaw. just now, just a moment ago: ‹ìm›, pxiswawam. in just a moment: ‹ìy›, pxiswaway.

K

 * keep up with someone: latsi
 * kid (n) ʼevi
 * kill: (v) tspang. (n) tìtspang
 * kind: (n) fnel. what kind? fnepe, pefnel
 * kiss (v) pom
 * knee: kinamtil
 * knife: tstal
 * know: omum; law lu [with dative]. as is known, as you know: nìawnomum.

L

 * lake: ʼora
 * land (n) atxkxe
 * language: lìʼfya
 * large: apxa
 * larva, larvae (sp. beetle larva used for food) teylu
 * last: (final) syen. (previous) ham. last time: alo aham. last night: txonam. last Thursday (Thursday of last week) trrmrrvam.
 * laugh (n) hangham
 * lead (v) eyk
 * leader: eyktan. leader of clan: oloʼeyktan
 * leaf: rìk
 * leafy: lerìk
 * lean (v) tuvon
 * learn: nume
 * leave: (go away) hum. (abandon) txìng.
 * left (side, direction) ftär
 * leg: kinam
 * Leonopteryx (animal like a large banshee) toruk
 * lesson: sänumvi
 * lest: fteke
 * let go: lonu
 * Let's ...!: ... ko
 * level, even: ʼengeng
 * lid: lew
 * life (abstract) tìrey. (living) tìrusey. balance of life: reyʼeng.
 * light (n) atan
 * light (adj), lightweight: syo
 * like (as) na, pxel, nì-. (the same way as) tengfya. like this: fìfya. like that: tsafya.
 * likewise: nìteng
 * lip: seyri
 * liquid: pay
 * listen: tìng mikyun (pron. "tìm mikyun")
 * little (adj) hìʼi. a little: ʼit, nìʼit.
 * live (be alive) rey. (dwell) kelku si.
 * living: (alive) rusey. (being alive) tìrusey. living thing: rusey.
 * location: klltseng
 * lock up: sutx
 * long: (length) ngim. (time) txan.
 * look (v) tìng nari (pron. "tìn nari"). look at: nìn. look for: fwew. look like: lam. (n) tìlam
 * lose: lose track of: tatep. lose oneself (spiritual sense) ʼia.
 * loud: wok
 * love: (n) tìyawn. (v) lu yawne [with dative]. I love you: nga yawne lu oer.
 * loved (adj) yawne. loved one: yawnetu, yawntu
 * low: tìm
 * lung: tsopì. (pair of) lungs: mesopì.

M

 * majority: txampxì
 * make: (do) si. (create) ngop. (build) txula.
 * male (person) tutan
 * manner: fyaʼo. in a (certain) manner: nìfyaʼo.
 * mantis (approx.) fwäkì
 * many: pxay
 * marriage: tìmuntxa
 * marry: muntxa si
 * mate (v) muntxa si
 * mated: muntxa
 * mating (n) tìmuntxa
 * matriarch: tsahìk
 * matter: (subject) txele. (be important) tsranten.
 * may, be possible: tsunslu
 * maybe: kxawm
 * me: (acc) oeti (weti). (dat) oeru, oer (weru, wer). (after prep.) oe.
 * meadow: txayo
 * meal (served) wutso
 * meaning: ral
 * meantime: in the meantime: tsakrrvay
 * meanwhile (until then) tsakrrvay
 * meat: tsngan
 * medusa (approx. a large aerial jellyfish) fpxafaw
 * meet: (by chance) ultxarun. have a meeting: ultxa si.
 * meeting: ultxa. have a meeting: ultxa si.
 * memory, remembrance: ʼok
 * mess up: tìkxey si
 * message: ʼupxare
 * metal: fngap
 * metallic: lefngap
 * midday: kxamtrr. (See 'noon'.)
 * middle, midpoint: kxam
 * midnight: kxamtxon
 * mighty: fkew
 * military squad: wempongu
 * mind (n) ronsem
 * mistake: kxeyey. make a mistake: kxeyey si.
 * model (n) kenong
 * moment: swaw. (very short time) hìkrr. just a moment ago: pxiswawam. in just a moment: pxiswaway.
 * mommy: saʼnu
 * Monday (Earth calendar) trrmuve
 * more: nìʼul. (for comparison, use: to.)
 * morning: (daylight before noon) rewon. (dawn) trrʼong. (For early morning, see 'dawn'.)
 * moron: skxawng
 * moss: prrwll
 * most: (adv: use frato). (n) txampxì.
 * mother: saʼnok
 * mountain: floating mountains: iknimaya
 * mouth: kxa
 * move: (shift position) rikx. (move something) ʼärìp.
 * movement (grassroots) ngrrpongu
 * much: (great quantity) txan. (great extent) nìtxan. so much: fìtxan.
 * mushroom (approx.) spxam
 * music: pamtseo
 * musical instrument (stringed) iʼen
 * musician: pamtseotu
 * must: zene. must not: zenke (zengke). don't need to: ke zene.
 * my: oeyä (weyä)
 * My! (encouragement) nang
 * myriad: zazam [stress?]

N

 * Naʼvi: (n) tute. (adj) leNaʼvi. in Naʼvi: nìNaʼvi.
 * name (n) tstxo. my name is: oeru syaw .... what is your name?: fyape syaw ngar?
 * near: (be near) sim. (nearby) asim.
 * neck: pewn
 * need: (v) kin. (n) tìkin. do not need to: ke zene
 * necessary: lekin
 * neural connection: tsaheylu
 * never: ke ... kawkrr
 * nevertheless: tsalsungay
 * new: mip
 * news: fmawn
 * next: hay, -ay. next time: alo ahay. next Thursday (Thursday of next week) trrmrrvay
 * night: txon. tonight: fìtxon. last night: txonam. tomorrow night: txonay. Good night!: txon lefpom, (sleep well) hivahaw nìmwey.
 * nine: (octal: 11) volaw. (human digit '9') nayn.
 * nineteen (octal: 23) mevopey
 * nineteenth (number nineteen) mevopeyve
 * ninety (approx.) zam pxevol
 * ninth (number nine) volawve
 * no: No!: kehe. (with a noun: no X) kea, ake. No?: kefya srak, kefyak. No way! (vulgar) pxasìk. No, it can't be! (consternation) au!
 * noble: nawm
 * none: ke ... keʼu, ke ... kawʼit
 * nonetheless: tsalsungay
 * noon: kxamtrr. pre-noon (sun just before zenith) srekamtrr. post-noon (sun just after zenith) kxamtrrmaw.
 * no-one: ke ... kawtu
 * nose: ontu
 * not: ke. not at all, not a bit (adv) ke ... kawʼit.
 * nothing: (pn) ke ... keʼu. nothing at all (adv) ke ... keʼu.
 * noun: tstxolìʼu
 * now: (sentence opener) tse. (at this time) set. until now: vay set. right now: pxiset. Thursday two weeks from now: mesrrmrrvay.
 * number (n) holpxay

O

 * O! (address) ma
 * oath: pänu?
 * obey: lek
 * obstruction: ekxan
 * occasion (happy) ftxozä
 * occupy (a space) tok
 * occur: len
 * ocean: txampay
 * odd, strange: hiyìk
 * of: -yä, -ä. (a clan; used in full names) te. (See also 'from'.)
 * offense: zoplo
 * often: pxìm
 * oh! (consternation) au! (poor thing!) keftxo! (exertion) sau!
 * old: (not new) spuwin. (not young) koak.
 * okay: tam, tam tam. ...okay?: ... ko
 * on: mì+. on, onto (?) sìn.
 * once: (in the past) ʼawlie. (not twice) ʼawlo.
 * one: ʼaw. one individual: ʼawpo. one time (once) ʼawlie, ʼawlo. one hundred (approx.) zam fu mezam. one thousand (approx.) mevozam. [stress?]
 * one (pronoun: 'you', 'they') fko
 * only: nìʼaw
 * oomph!: sau!
 * open: (be open) piak. (open something) piak si.
 * opinion: in my opinion: tìʼefumì oeyä
 * opportunity: skxom
 * opposed to: wä
 * optimal: swey. optimally: nìswey.
 * or: fu. or else: txokefyaw. or not: fuke.
 * order: in order to: fte [with subjunctive]
 * ordinary, everyday: letrrtrr
 * other: lahe. other one (person or thing) lapo. to the others: aylaru.
 * otherwise: txokefyaw
 * our (including your) awngeyä, (ay)oengeyä [stress?]
 * our (but not your) (ay)oeyä (weyä, ayweyä)
 * out there: käsatseng
 * outside: wrrpa
 * overabundance: hawng

P

 * pain: tìsraw
 * painful: sraw. be painful: tìsraw si
 * Pandora: Eywaʼeveng
 * panther (approx.) palulukan
 * part (n) hapxì
 * party (group of people) pongu
 * pass (a test) emzaʼu. (pass by something) ftem.
 * passionate: ftxavang
 * passionately: nìftxavang
 * past: the past: ftawnemkrr
 * pasta (approx.) tsyosyu
 * path: fyaʼo
 * patience: tìmweypey
 * patient (adj) lemweypey. be patient: maweypey. patiently: nìmweypey. a patient person: maweypeyyu.
 * pattern (n) renu
 * pay attention: eltu si
 * peace: fpom
 * peaceful: lefpom. peacefully: nìmwey.
 * peel (v) fkarut
 * people: (persons) sute. (the People) Naʼvi.
 * perceive: ʼefu
 * perhaps: kxawm
 * perimeter: pxawpa
 * person: tute
 * phrase: lìʼfyavi
 * picture (n) rel
 * place (n) tsenge, tseng. [syll?] (v) yem.
 * plain, field: txayo
 * plan: (v) hawl. (n) tìhawl.
 * plant (n) ʼewll
 * play: (play a game) uvan si
 * pleasant: (to the senses) lor. (of an activity) prrteʼ. (enjoyable, of a person or thing) mowan
 * please!: rutxe!
 * pleasing: mowan
 * pleasurable (of an activity) prrteʼ
 * pleasure: tìprrteʼ
 * practice, training tskxekeng
 * pointedly: nìpxi
 * poison (n) txum
 * poor thing!: keftxo!
 * position: klltseng
 * possible: letsunslu. be possible: tsunslu.
 * power: tìtxur
 * powerful: fkew, txantur
 * prefer: nulnew
 * preparations: tìhawl
 * prepare, plan: hawl
 * present (time) sekrr
 * pretty: sevin
 * previous: ham. previous instance: alo aham.
 * prey (n) tìtspang
 * proceed: salew
 * probable; probably: skxakep
 * produce (v) sleyku
 * proliferate: virä
 * promise: (n) pänu. (v) pänutìng.
 * propel: spule
 * proper: muiä
 * prophesize: sreseʼa
 * prophesy: tìsreseʼa
 * protect: hawnu, tìhawnu si
 * protection: tìhawnu
 * pterosaur (approx.) ikran
 * pull (v) zaʼärìp
 * purpose (goal) tìkan
 * push (v) käʼärìp
 * put: yem

Q

 * question (n) tìpawm
 * (question marker) srak(e). (with fuke) ftxey.
 * quiet: (n) tìfnu. be quiet: fnu.
 * quote ... unquote: san ... sìk
 * quotidian: letrrtrr

R

 * rain (n) tompa
 * rather: (would rather) nulnew. rather than: tup.
 * ready: alaksi. get ready: hawl.
 * rear: (part or section) käpxì. (of person) txìm.
 * reason (n) lun
 * receive: tel
 * recent: sok
 * recline: tuvon
 * refuge: zongtseng
 * refuse (v) sto
 * release: lonu
 * remain: ʼìʼawn
 * remember: zerok
 * remembrance: ʼok
 * represent: kenong
 * request: (n) ätxäle. (v) ätxäle si.
 * respond: ʼeyng
 * response: tìʼeyng. in response: nìʼeyng.
 * responsibility: have responsibility (for): kllfroʼ
 * responsible: be responsible (for): kllfroʼ
 * rest (v) tsurokx
 * restore: speng
 * return, go back: tätxaw
 * rhino (approx.) ʼangtsìk
 * rhythm: kato
 * ride (v) makto. ride out: kämakto.
 * right: (side, direction) skien. (proper) muiä. (correct) eyawr. you're right: ngaru tìyawr. Right?: kefya srak? kefyak? right now: pxiset. right before: pxisre. right after: pximaw.
 * river: kilvan. (sacred) Swotulu.
 * rock, stone: tskxe
 * root: ngrr
 * rule (n) koren
 * run (n) tul
 * rush: (v, hurry) win säpi. (rush something) win si.

S

 * sacred: swok. sacred place: swotu. Sacred River: Swotulu.
 * sad: keftxo. sadly: nìkeftxo. How sad! keftxo!
 * safe: kxuke. safe place: zongtseng.
 * safely: nìzawnong
 * sake: for the sake of: fpi+
 * same: teng
 * Saturday (Earth calendar) trrkive
 * save: zong
 * say: plltxe
 * saying ...: san ... sìk
 * school: numtseng
 * science: tìftia kifkeyä
 * scream (v) zawng
 * Screw that! (vulgar) pxasìk
 * screw up: tìkxey si
 * sea: txampay
 * second (number two) muve. (short time) hìkrr. (look also under 'moment')
 * see: (physical sense) tseʼa. See (spiritual sense) kame. see you soon: kìyevame.
 * seed: rinaʼ. (of Hometree) atokirinaʼ.
 * seek: fwew
 * seem: lam
 * selfishness: tìʼawpo
 * send: fpeʼ
 * sense (v) ʼefu
 * serve: kìteʼe si
 * service: kìteʼe
 * seven: kinä
 * seventeen (octal: 21) mevolaw
 * seventeenth (number seventeen) mevolawve
 * seventh (number seven) kive
 * seventy (approx.) zam vol
 * shaman: tsahìk
 * sharp: pxi
 * she: po, poe
 * shelter (v) hawnu
 * shoot: (intrans.) tem. (trans.) toltem.
 * short (of time) yol
 * show (v) wìntxu
 * shut: (adj) tstu. (v) tstu si.
 * sibling: tsmuk, tsmuktu
 * sick: spxin
 * sickness: (disease) säspxin. (state of being sick) tìspxin.
 * side: paʼo
 * sign, omen: aungia
 * silence: tìfnu
 * simple: ftue
 * sing: rol. singing (instance of): tìrusol. (art) tseo tìrusolä.
 * sister: tsmuke, tsmuk
 * sit: heyn
 * six: pukap
 * sixteen (octal: 20) mevol
 * sixteenth (number sixteen) mevolve
 * sixth (number six) puve
 * sixty (approx.) zam
 * size: tsawlhìʼ
 * skin (n) taʼleng
 * sky: taw
 * sleep (v) hahaw. sleep well! hivahaw nìmwey.
 * slow: kìʼong
 * slowly: nìkʼong
 * small: (little in size) hìʼi. (small in quantity) hìm. (a small amount) ʼit.
 * smart: (person) kanu. (idea, plan) sìlronsem.
 * smell (n) fahew
 * smile: (n) lrrtok. (v) lrrtok si.
 * smoke (n) kxener
 * so: (in that case) ha. even so tsalsungay. so much: fìtxan. so that: fte. so that not: fteke.
 * soft: (of an object) hewne. (of a sound) ʼango.
 * some: -o. someone: tuteo. something: ʼuo. somewhere: tsengo.
 * son: ʼitan
 * song: tìrol, way
 * songchord: waytelem
 * soon: yeʼrìn. See you soon: kìyevame.
 * sorry! ngaytxoa
 * soul: vitra
 * sound (n) pam
 * source: tsim
 * spaceship: tawsìp
 * spark (n) txepvi
 * speak: plltxe
 * spear (n) tukru
 * spin (v) kìm
 * spiral (n) ʼìheyu
 * spirit: tirea
 * spirit animal: tireaioang
 * spirit path: tireafyaʼo
 * spread, proliferate: virä
 * squad: wempongu
 * squirt (v) tsäʼ
 * Stairway to Heaven: iknimaya
 * stand (v) kllkxem
 * star: tanhì
 * start: (intrans.) sngäʼi. (start something) sngeykäʼi.
 * stay: ʼìʼawn
 * still: (yet) vay set. (as before) mi.
 * sting (v) sngap
 * stingbat (flying animal): riti
 * stomach (n) ngäng
 * stone (n) tskxe
 * stop: (v) ftang. (suspend action) fpak.
 * stopping: tìftang. without stopping: nìlkeftang.
 * story, tale: vur
 * straight: (not crooked) yey. (upright) pxim.
 * strange: (unfamiliar) stxong. (odd) hiyìk.
 * stream: payfya
 * strength: tìtxur
 * strike, blow (n) tìtakuk
 * strike, hit (v) takuk
 * stringed instrument: iʼen
 * strong: txur
 * student: numeyu
 * study: (v) ftia. (n) tìftia.
 * stupid: snumìna
 * sturmbeast (animal like cattle) talioang
 * subject (n) txele
 * succeed: flä
 * such: (adj) nafìʼu; tsafnel, fìfnel + genitive; tsafne-, fìfne- (pl. tsayfne-, fayfne-). such as: pxel.
 * suffice: tam
 * sufficient: letam
 * summary: vurvi
 * sun: tsawke. sunrise: (see dawn). sunset: (see dusk).
 * Sunday (Earth calendar) trrʼawve
 * supplies: mekre
 * sustain: fmal
 * sweet: kalin
 * swoop (v) tawng
 * synopsis: vurvi

T

 * tail: kxetse
 * take: munge. take time: krrnekx.
 * tale: vur
 * tall: tsawl
 * target (n) tìkan
 * teach: kar
 * teacher: karyu
 * teaching: sänume
 * tell: peng
 * ten (octal: 12) vomun
 * tenth (number ten) vomuve
 * territory: kllpxìltu
 * test: (v) fmetok. (n) tìfmetok.
 * than: to. than all: frato.
 * Thanator (animal like a panther): palulukan
 * thank: irayo si. Thank you!: irayo!
 * that: tsa-. (that thing) tsaʼu, tsaw. (that action) tsakem, tsakem. that one (that person) tsatu. that way: tsafya. that kind of: tsafnel + genitive, tsafne-.
 * that (conjunction) tsnì. (as for that) furia. (as object) futa. (as subject) fwa. (which, with a noun) a + N, N + a.
 * their: (animate) feyä. (inanimate) seyä.
 * them (animate): (acc) fot, foti. (dat) for, foru. (after prep.) fo.
 * them (inanimate): (acc) sat, sati. (dat) sar, saru.
 * then: tsakrr
 * there: tsatseng, tsatseng. out there: käsatseng. There there!: tam tam.
 * therefore: tafral
 * these: fay+. these kinds of: fayfnel + genitive, fayfne-.
 * they (animate): ayfo, ayfo, fo. (those two) mefo. (those three) pxefo.
 * they (inanimate): (ay)saʼu, (ay)saw. (those two) mesaʼu, mesaw. (those three) pxesaʼu, pxesaw. [stress?]
 * "they" (unspecified agent, 'one', 'you') fko.
 * thing: (object, fact, abstraction) ʼu. (action) kem.
 * think: fpìl
 * thinking (way of thinking) fpìlfya
 * third (number three) pxeyve
 * thirteen (octal: 15) vomrr
 * thirteenth (number thirteen) vomrrve
 * thirty (approx.) tsìvol
 * this: (with a noun) fì-. (action)

fìkem. (thing) fìʼu. (one) fìpo. this way: fìfya. this kind of: fìfnel + genitive, fìfne-. this morning: fìrewon. this afternoon: fìhaʼngir. this evening: fìkaym.
 * those: tsay+. (those things) saʼu. those kinds of: tsayfnel + genitive, tsayfne-. (See also 'that', 'they'.)
 * thought: säfpìl. thought pattern: fpìlfya.
 * thousand: (approx.) mevozam. four thousand (approx.) zazam
 * thread (n) kìng
 * three: pxey. three hundred (approx.) mrrzam. three thousand (approx.) puvozam. (of other nouns) pxe+.
 * through: kxamlä
 * throat: flew
 * throw: tsreʼi
 * thunder (sound of) kxangangang!
 * Thursday (Earth calendar) trrmrrve
 * thus: fìfya, tsafya
 * tie: tie down, fasten: yän. tie up, bind: yìm.
 * time (n) krr. take time: krrnekx. all the time: frakrr.
 * time (adv) alo, -lo. 5 times: alo amrr. 1 time (once): ʼawlo. 2 times (twice) melo. each/every time: fralo. at all times: frakrr. next time: alo ahay. last time: alo aham.
 * tired: ngeyn
 * to: (direction) ne. (recipient) -ur, -ru. (infinitive) fte [with subjunctive].
 * today: fìtrr
 * tonight: fìtxon
 * toe: venzek
 * together: ʼawsiteng
 * tomorrow: trray. tomorrow night: txonay. tomorrow morning: rewonay. tomorrow afternoon: haʼngiray. tomorrow evening: kaymay.
 * tongue: ftxì
 * too: (as well) nìteng. (excessively) nìhawng.
 * tooth: sreʼ
 * top (n) fäpa
 * torn apart, divided: keʼaw
 * totality: wotx
 * touch (v) ʼampi
 * track, follow: sutx
 * training: tskxekeng
 * trap (v) syep
 * travel: sop
 * treachery: kavuk
 * tree: utral. Tree of Souls: Vitrautral. Tree of Voices: Utral Aymokriyä. Hometree: Kelutral. [stress?]
 * trip (journey) tìsop
 * true: ngay
 * truly: nìngay
 * trunk (of a tree) tangek
 * truth: tìngay
 * try (v) fmi
 * Tuesday (Earth calendar) trrpxeyve
 * tune: be in tune, be aware: kame
 * turn (v) mìn
 * turn (n) alo. my turn: alo oeyä.
 * twelfth (number twelve) vosìve
 * twelve (octal: 14) vosìng
 * twentieth (number twenty) mevosìve
 * twenty: (exact, octal: 24) mevosìng. (approx.) mevol fu pxevol
 * twice: melo
 * twilight: See 'dusk', 'dawn'.
 * two: mune. two hundred (approx.) pxezam. two thousand (approx.) tsìvozam. the two of us: moe, oeng ["weng"]. the two of you: menga. [stress?] the two of them: mefo, mesa. (of other nouns) me+.
 * type, kind: fnel. what type? fnepe, pefnel

U

 * ugly (sight or sound) väʼ
 * unambiguously: nìpxi
 * understand: (a fact) tslam. (a person) kame.
 * understanding: (comprehension) tìtslam. (wise) txantslusam.
 * Understood!: tslolam
 * unequal: keteng
 * unfamiliar: stxong
 * unfold: ʼong
 * unfortunately: nìkeftxo
 * unhappy: keftxo
 * unhealthy: kelfpomtokx
 * unknown: stxong
 * unpleasant to the senses: väʼ
 * unquote: sìk
 * until: vaykrr. until now: vay set. until then: tsakrrvay
 * up: upward: nefä. up among: fkip. up to (place, time, or number): vay.
 * upright: pxim, nìpxim
 * upset (sad) keftxo
 * us (excluding you): (acc) ayoeti (ayweti). (dat) ayoeru, ayoer (ayweru, aywer). (after prep.) ayoe.
 * us (including you): multiple forms, including (acc) awngati. (dat) awngaru, awngar. (after prep.) awnga, ayoeng (ayweng).
 * use (v) sar
 * useful: lesar
 * using: fa

V

 * valid: kangay
 * vegetable (food) fkxen
 * verb: kemlìʼu
 * versus: wä
 * vertical: pxim. vertically: nìpxim.
 * very: nìtxan
 * via: ìlä+, ìlä+
 * village: tsray
 * violet (flower, approx.) seze
 * viperwolf: nantang
 * vision (spiritual) äie
 * visit (v) frrfen
 * visitor: frrtu
 * voice (n) mokri

W

 * wait, wait for: pey
 * walk (v) tìran
 * want: new
 * war: tsam. war party: tsampongu.
 * warrior: tsamsiyu
 * was: lamu, lolu. wasn't it? kefya srak? kefyak?.
 * wash: yur. (oneself) yäpur.
 * wasp (approx) zizeʼ
 * watch: (look at) nìn. watch out: nari si. watch it! oìsss!, tsa-hey!, wiya!, saa!
 * water: pay
 * way: fyaʼo. No way! (vulgar) pxasìk. give way: tìng tseng. way of thinking: fpìlfya.
 * we (but not you): ayoe. we two moe. we three pxoe.
 * we two (you and I): oeng [weng]. (formal) ohe ngengasì. we, all of us (including you) awnga, ayoeng
 * weak: meyp
 * weave: täftxu
 * weaver: täftxuyu
 * Wednesday (Earth calendar) trrtsìve
 * weep: tsngawvìk
 * well: (adv) nìltsan. as well: nìteng. (See also 'healthy'.)
 * well: (n) ramunong. Well of Souls: Ayvitrayä Ramunong. [stress?]
 * well (sentence opener) tse
 * well-being: fpom
 * were: lamu, lolu. weren't they?  kefya srak? kefyak?.
 * what?: (action) pehem?, kempe?. (thing) peu?, ʼupe?. (word, utterance) pelìʼu?, lìʼupe?. (what kind?) fnepe, pefnel. (with other nouns) pe-, -pe?. what? you call that a ...? (disparagement) pak.
 * what a ...! (praise) nang.
 * when: (not a question) a krr, krr a. (if) txo.
 * when?: pehrr?, krrpe?
 * where?: peseng?, tsengpe?
 * whether: san srake, ftxey
 * which?: pe+, -pe. which kind? fnepe, pefnel. which day (of the week, month)? trrpeve
 * which (not a question) a + N
 * while: tengkrr [with the imperfective for the -ing verb]
 * white: teyr
 * who?: pesu?, tupe?
 * whole: (n) wotx. (adj) ʼänsyem.
 * why?: pelun?, lumpe?
 * wind (n) hufwe
 * wing: tsyal
 * wise: txantslusam
 * wish (v) rangal. I wish ...: nìrangal.
 * with: (accompaniment) hu. (by means of) fa.
 * without: luke
 * wolf (approx.) nantang
 * word: lìʼu
 * work: (n) tìkangkem. (v) work: tìkangkem si.
 * world (physical) kifkey
 * worm: ngawng. (hallucinogenic) eltungawng.
 * worst: ʼeʼal
 * worthy: pxan
 * wow!: tewti!
 * write: pamrel si
 * writing: pamrel
 * wrong: (incorrect) keyawr. (an error) tìkxey. do wrong: tìkxey si. you're wrong: ngaru tìkxey

Y

 * yeah: sran
 * year: zìsìt
 * yellow: rim. in yellow: nìrim.
 * yes: srane
 * yesterday: trram. yesterday night: txonam. yesterday morning: rewonam. yesterday afternoon: haʼngiram. yesterday evening: kaymam.
 * yet: (still) mi. not yet: vay set (with negative verb).
 * you (sg.) nga. (honorific form) ngenga. you two: menga. you three: pxenga. you all: aynga. you (unspecified; 'one', 'they') fko. [stress?]
 * young: ʼewan
 * your: ngeyä. (formal) ngengeyä. [stress?]
 * yucky: väʼ

Z

 * zero: kew

Discourse particles
The following exclamations have no easy translation into English. They stand as a clause of their own:
 * of consternation (it can't be!): au
 * war cry (alala!) ìley
 * of pity (poor thing!): keftxo
 * of anger or annoyance (aargh!) oìsss
 * vulgar (screw that!) pxasìk
 * alarm cry; call to defense: rawke
 * as a threat: saa
 * upon exertion (oomph!) sau
 * soothing (there there!) tam tam
 * of surprise and pleasure (wow!) tewti
 * of warning or frustration (oy!) tsa-hey, wiya

(See also 'yes', 'no', 'yeah', 'please', 'thank you', 'sorry!', 'forgive me!', 'right?', 'okay', 'understood', 'don't!', 'down!', 'well', 'hello', 'goodbye'.)

The following emotive particles occur at the end of a clause:
 * soliciting agreement (Let's X; X, eh?) ko
 * surprise, exclamation, encouragement (Oh my! What an X!) nang
 * disparagement (Pshaw! You call that an X?) pak

Others help the grammatical flow of discourse:
 * direct address (O!) ma
 * continuation (And you?) tut