Mirad Grammar/Greetings and Euphemisms

Exclamations Using the H-words

 * Many common exclamatory expressions in Mirad use words that begin with the letter h:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;"

! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! EMOJI
 * + Common Exclamatories
 * Hay! || Hello!|| 🙋
 * Hey! || Hey!, Oh...!, Yahoo!||
 * Hoy! || Bye!|| 🙋
 * Hiy... || Here is / Here comes... / Voici||
 * Huy... || There's... / There goes... / Voil&agrave;||
 * Hway!* || Great! / Good for you! / Congratulations!, wow! / hurray!||
 * Hwey! || Oh my! / Goodness gracious! / Well! ||
 * Hwoy! || Too bad! / What a shame! / Sorry!/ oy!||
 * Hyay! || Thanks!|| 🙏
 * Hyey! || Your're welcome! / That's ok. ||
 * Hyoy! || Sorry! || 😢
 * Hihi! || Ha ha! / That's funny! ||
 * Huhu! || Boo hoo! ||
 * }
 * * Pronounced like English why.
 * The above h-exclamations can be made into verbs by suffixing forms of -der....to utter, eg.:
 * hyay....thanks ⇒ hyayder....to thank
 * At fu hyayder et av hos et xa.....I'd like to thank you for what you did.
 * hihi....ha ha ⇒ hihider....to laugh  ⇒ hihiduer....to make laugh
 * Et hihidua.....You made me laugh.
 * Hyoy! || Sorry! || 😢
 * Hihi! || Ha ha! / That's funny! ||
 * Huhu! || Boo hoo! ||
 * }
 * * Pronounced like English why.
 * The above h-exclamations can be made into verbs by suffixing forms of -der....to utter, eg.:
 * hyay....thanks ⇒ hyayder....to thank
 * At fu hyayder et av hos et xa.....I'd like to thank you for what you did.
 * hihi....ha ha ⇒ hihider....to laugh  ⇒ hihiduer....to make laugh
 * Et hihidua.....You made me laugh.
 * At fu hyayder et av hos et xa.....I'd like to thank you for what you did.
 * hihi....ha ha ⇒ hihider....to laugh  ⇒ hihiduer....to make laugh
 * Et hihidua.....You made me laugh.

Offering Suggestions

 * If I were you,.......Ven at su et,...
 * In my opinion,.......Be ata texyen,...
 * Speaking personally,.......Dalea av aut,...
 * If I might suggest,.......Ven at duyafu,...
 * I would suggest that.......At duu van...
 * You would be well-advised to X.......Et su fiduwa Xer...
 * Have you thought of Xing...?....Duven et vyetexaye Xen...?
 * Why not X...?....Duhosav voy Xer...?

Asking for Suggestions

 * What would you do if...?....Duhos et xu ven...?
 * I'd like your opinion on.......At fu eta texyen vyel...
 * Please advise me on.......Diwe fyidu at vyel...

Dispensing Advice

 * I think you should X....,At texe van et yefu Xer
 * If I were you,.......,Ven at su et,...
 * You would be wrong to X.....Et su vyoa Xer.
 * It would be good if.......Et su fia ven...
 * I warn you that.......At jwatue et van...

Requests

 * Would you mind Xing...?....Duven oboxu et Xer...?
 * May I X...?....Duven at yafu Xer...?
 * I'd like to X.......At fu Xer...
 * Could you possibly X.......Duven et yafu hyeyen Xer...
 * I would be much obliged if you were to X.......At su gla yefxwa ven et Xu...
 * Please do me the favor of Xing.......Diwe xu at ha avun bi Xer...
 * Could I ask you to X?....Duven at yafu dier et Xer?

Asking for Opinions

 * I'd like to know you opinion on.......At fu ter eta texyen vyel...
 * Tell me what you think about.......Du at hos et texe vyel...

Offering Opinions

 * It seems to me that.......Tease at van...
 * I believe that.......At vatexe van...
 * I don't think that.......At votexe van...
 * We don't feel that.......Wat voy tose van...
 * I must say.......At dyefe...
 * As far as I'm concerned.......Auta texyen se van...
 * Personally, .......Aotay, ...
 * I am convinced that.......At se vatexuwa van...

Expressing Preferences

 * Which do you prefer, X or Y?....Duhaas et gaife, X ey Y?
 * Would you like to X...?....Duven et fu Xer...
 * I would prefer to X... ....At gaifu Xer...
 * It doesn't matter to me whether.......Av at, getese ven...
 * I don't mind if.......Av at glotese ven...

Expressing Intentions

 * Do you intend to X?....Duven et ojtexe Xer?
 * What are you going to do?....Duhos et xo?
 * He is determined to X.......It vafe Xer...
 * I would like to X.....At fu Xer.
 * We would like you to X.....Wat fu van et Xu.

Permission and Prohibition

 * May I come in?....Duven at afe yeper?
 * Is that permitted?....Duven hus afwe?
 * Parking is prohibited.....Purkoxwen ofwe.
 * Do not walk on the grass.....Von tyope ab ha vab.
 * You are authorized to X.....Et se afdwa Xer.
 * No entry.....Von yepu. ~ Yepen ofwe.
 * You must not cry.....Et yofe huhuder.
 * Permit me to say.......Afxu at der...

Obligation and Necessity

 * You must pay attention.....Et yefe tepzexer.
 * You should leave.....At yefu ~ yeyfu iper.
 * I have to go.....At yefe per.
 * You are obliged to X.....Yet yefxwe Xer.
 * We need your help.....Yat efe yeta yux.
 * It is urgent that you respond.....Igefwe van et dudu.
 * I am asking you to X.....At dieye et Xer.
 * He demands that you X.....Wit dire van et Xu.
 * It is required that you stay longer.....Dirwe van et besu gaj.

Agreement

 * Yes, I agree with you.....Va, at yantexe et.
 * He disagreed with me.....It yontexa at.
 * My opinion differs from yours.....At texyen ogelse etas.
 * This book will concur with me.....Hia dyes geltexo at.
 * I don't accept your view.....At voy vabie eta texgun.
 * I reject the concept that.......At vobie ha tyun van...
 * What you said is entirely true.....Hos et da se aynay vyaa.
 * What a great idea!....Huu agala teyen!
 * Your application has been approved.....Eta didras fivadawe.
 * Blessed be this food.....Van hia tel fyadwu.
 * We are glad that you came.....Yat se iva van et upa.

Disagreement

 * No, that's wrong.....Vo, hus se vyoa.
 * You are lying.....Et vyodeye.
 * I disagree with your opinion.....At yontexe eta texyen.
 * We don't approve of you actions.....Yat voy fivade eta axleni.
 * I cannot accept the fact that.......At vabiyofe van...
 * Do you refuse to answer?....Duven et vobie duder?
 * That's out of the question.....Hus se vabiyofwa.
 * I must decline that suggestion.....At yefe voder hua dul.
 * We condemn your views.....Yat fuvade eta texguni.
 * I must disapprove of your actions.....At fuvadyefe eta axleni.
 * Your statement be damned!....Eta del fyodwu!
 * It's a pity (~ shame) that you don't understand.....Se yov van et voy teste.
 * I hate the fact that.......At ufe van...
 * It is sad that you have to leave now.....Se uva van et yefe pier hij.

Affirmation, Quibbling, Negation

 * Yes.....Va.
 * Yes, indeed.....Va, vay.
 * Certainly ~ Of course....Vla(y).
 * True.....Vya.
 * Truly.....Vyay.
 * Maybe.....Ve.
 * Maybe so.....Vey va.
 * Maybe not.....Vey vo.
 * Possibly.....Vey.
 * Probably.....Vle(y)
 * Hardly.....Yikay.
 * Almost.....Yubge.
 * Barely.....Haway gwe.
 * Exactly.....Gwe.
 * No.....Vo.
 * Most certainly not.....Vlo.
 * Perhaps no.....Vey vo.
 * Yes and no.....Vao.
 * False.....Vyo.
 * Absolutely not.....Abray voy.
 * In no way.....Hoyen.
 * In no way whatever.....Hyoyen.

Certainty, Probability, Possibility, and Capability

 * I'm sure she'll come.....At se vlata van iyt upo.
 * It is not certain that.......Voy se vlatwa van...
 * It is probable that.......Se vlea van...
 * You'll probably change your mind.....Et vley kyaxer eta texyen.
 * In all likelihood,.......Gwa vley,...
 * It might rain.....Vey mamilo.
 * It will definitely rain.....Vlay mamilo.
 * What is the probability that it will rain?....Duhos se ha vlean van mamilo?
 * It is conceivable that she will win.....Texiyafwe van iyt ako.
 * It would be inconceivable.....Texiyofwu.
 * I am persuaded that nothing will happen.....At se vatexuwa van hos xwo.
 * It could be true.....Has yafwu ser vyaa. ~ Has syafwu vyaa.
 * Those results are impossible.....Hua ixuni se yofwa.
 * The odds of that happening.......Ha vlean van hus xwo...
 * I can't understand you.....At yofe tester et. ~ At voy yafe tester et.
 * Could you speak a little louder?....Duven et yafu daler ga az?
 * It is not impossible that.......Voy se yofwa van...
 * I would not be surprised if.......At voy yoku ven...
 * Am I expected to be early?....Duven at yakwe ser jwaa?
 * I doubt they will survive.....At vlotexe van yit yiztejo.
 * She suspected that I'd be late.....Iyt vetexa van at so jwo.
 * She assumed that I would be.......Iyt vletexa van at so...
 * I bet you know.....At vlede van et te.
 * You can't know for sure.....Et yofe ter vlay.
 * That's impossible to predict.....Hus jadyofwa. ~ Hus se yofwa jader.
 * I will be unable to X.....At yofo Xer.

Apologies

 * I'm sorry but.......At se tipuva oy...
 * Excuse me but.......Yovobu at oy...
 * Please forgive me.....Diwe yovobu at.
 * It pains me to say.......Byokxe at der...
 * It is sad to say.......Se uva der...
 * It is regrettable that.......Se uvtexyafwa van...
 * They expressed their regrets.....Yit uvtaxde.
 * I regret my crimes.....At zoyuvtose ata doyovi.
 * I regret to inform you that.......At uvtose tuer et van...

Thanks

 * Thank-you for your kind words.....Hyay av eta tipifa duni.
 * I shall be forever grateful......At so byu hyaj ivtaxika.
 * I am much obliged for your gift.....At se gla yefxwa av eta fibun.
 * Thank-you very much!....Hyay hyay! ~ Ivtaxwo! ~ Gla yefxwa! ~ Gla naxtwe.
 * I appreciate your help.....At nazte eta yux.
 * Your words are much appreciated.....Eta duni gla naztwe.

Best Wishes

 * Congratulations!....Hyay! ~ Yanfyaztos!
 * I congratulate you!....At hyayde et! ~ At yanfyaztosde et!
 * Best wishes to you!....Fia ojfoni av et!
 * Happy birthday!....Iva tajjub!
 * May your day be blessed!....Van eta jub fyadwu! ~ Fyadwu eta jub!
 * I wish you a good trip!....At ojfe et fia pop!
 * Bon voyage!....Fia pop!
 * Season's greetings!....Iva jeb!
 * Merry Christmas!....Iva Kristtaj!
 * Happy New Year! ~ Nowruz!....Iva Ejna Jab!
 * Happy Anniversary!....Iva jabzyus!
 * Happy Hannukka!....Iva Hanuka!
 * Get well soon!....Fibaksu ig!
 * Good luck on your exams!....Fikyen be eta vyaoyeki!
 * I wish you every success!....At ojfe et hya akuj!
 * Good luck! (~ Mazel Tov!)....Fikyen!
 * Be well!....Baksu!
 * Long live the king!....Van ha edeb yagteju! ~ Yagteju ha edeb!
 * Vive la France!....Hyay Ferom!
 * Bravo! ~ Well done! ~ Congratulations!....Hyay!
 * Get better soon! ~ Speedy Recovery!....Baksu ig! ~ Byekwu ig!

Common Greetings

 * Hello!....Hay!
 * Hey!....Hey!
 * Goodbye!....Hoy!
 * Good day!....Fijub!
 * Good morning!....Fimaj!
 * Good afternoon!....Fijwomaj!
 * Good evening!....Fijwamoj!
 * Goodnight!....Fimoj!
 * How are you?....Duhoyen et se?
 * How are you doing?....Duhoyen et xeye?
 * I'm doing fine.....At xeye fi.
 * What's new?....Duhos se ejna?
 * See you later! ~ Au revoir!....Ju ha gawteat!
 * Be well!....Su baka!
 * Sleep well!....Tuju fi!
 * What's happening?....Duhos kyeseye?
 * Until then!....Ju huj!
 * Take care!....Bikiu!

Announcements

 * We are pleased to announce the birth of.......Yat ifie dotuer ha taj bi...
 * I am happy to say that.......At se iva der van...
 * I am sorry to report that.......At se uva dotuer van...
 * It is with deep sorrow that we announce the death of.......Bay gla uvan, yat dotue ha toj bi...
 * Ladies and Gentlemen, please be seated.....Duyti ay Dwuti, diwe simbiu.
 * Welcome to the stage: X!....Fiupdiu bu ha dezyem: X!
 * I would like to introduce you to our speaker, X.....At fu tyuer yet yata dalut: X.
 * Attention! ~ Hear ye, hear ye!....Tepzexu!

Regrets and Condolences

 * I'm very sorry for your loss.....At uvtose eta ok.
 * My condolences on the death of.......Ibu ata yanuvtosi av ha toj bi...
 * I am so sorry.....At se huugla uvtosika.
 * Alas!....Hyoy!
 * I share your grief.....At yantipuvie et.
 * I regret having done that.....At ajuvtose xaer hus.
 * I apologize for my actions.....At ajuvtosde (~ hyoyde) ata axleni.
 * We were terribly upset to hear the news that.......Yat gla yobaxwa teeter ha tuun van...

Invitations and Responses

 * You are hereby invited to join us.......Yet hiyen updiwe yanser yat...
 * Welcome to our home.....Fiupu yata toom.
 * Would you like to dine with us?....Duven yet fu tyaler bay yat?
 * Be my guest!....Updiwe!
 * I would be happy to come.....At su iva uper.
 * Sorry, but I am otherwise engaged then.....Hyoy, at se hyuyen yuvlaxwa huj.
 * Unfortunately, I must decline.....Fukyenay, at yefe vobier.

Establishing Parallels

 * On the one hand...,on the other.......Ayen...,hyuyen ....
 * Just as...so, too.......Gwe gel van...gey gel van...
 * What is more,.......Gayen,...
 * Furthermore,.......Gayen,...
 * Added to this,.......Gabwa bu his,...
 * By the same token,.......Geyen,...
 * As far as...is concerned,.......Vyelea...
 * As for.......Ayv...

Enumerating

 * or...or even.......ey...ey gey...ey ujay
 * but finally.......oy ujay...
 * First of all.......Ujnay...
 * Next, but not least.......Zanapay, oy voy gwo...

Favorable Comparisons

 * far superior to....gla fia vyel
 * We can't compete with....Yat yofe yanyeker bay
 * has the edge over....se gyoay fia vyel

Unfavorable Comparisons

 * was nowhere near as good as.......sa yib bi ser ge fia vyel'
 * is no match for....yofe yanyeker bay
 * is far inferior to....se gla oba vyel
 * does not measure up to....voy se be neg bi
 * bears no comparison with....voy se vyegexyafwa bay

Similar Comparison

 * is equivalent to....genaze
 * on a par with....gekyinse
 * corresponds to....vyegexe
 * can be likened to....se vyegexyafwa bu

Asking an Opinion

 * What do you thing of X?....Duhos et texe ayv X?
 * What is your opinion on X?....Duhos se eta texyen vyel X?
 * What is your attitude to X?....Duhos se eta tepkin ub X?
 * How do you see...Xing?....Be eta texyen, duhoyen...Xo?

Expressing an Opinion

 * In my opinion,....be ata texyen,
 * As I see it,....Be ata duni,
 * Personally, I believe that.......Aotay, at vatexe van...
 * It seems to me that.......Tease at van...
 * I dare say (that).......At dyife van...
 * As far as I'm concerned,....Ven et didu at,
 * It is our belief that....Se yata vatex van
 * I'm convinced that.......At se vetexuwa van...

Saying What You Like

 * I would like to X.......At fu Xer...
 * I would prefer to X.......At gaifu Xer...
 * I very much enjoy Xing.....At gla ifie Xen.
 * I have a weakness for X.....At ayse ozan av X.
 * I love chocolate.....At ifle dyofyel.
 * I adore ballet.....At ifre dyaz.
 * Do you like dogs?....Duven et iyfe yepeti?
 * I am very pleased to meet you.....At se gla ifxwa trier et.

Saying What You Don't Like

 * I am not keen on seafood.....At voy iyfe piit.
 * Do you dislike X?....Duven et uyfe X?
 * I hate X.....At ufe X.
 * I can't stand (~bear) the thought of Xing.....At yofe xorer ha tex bi Xen.
 * That is disgusting.....Hus se ufxea.
 * I despise rude people.....At ufre fubyenati.

Expressing Indifference

 * I don't care about X.....At voy bikse vyel X.
 * It doesn't matter to me.....Voy bikxe at (or: Getese bu at.)
 * That doesn't matter.....Hus voy glatese.
 * I couldn't care less about X.....X trefxe at hyohen.

Giving Reasons

 * Why did you do that?....Duhosav et xa hus?
 * I came because.......At upa hosav van...
 * Because of X...?....Be ux bi X...?
 * As a result of X...?....Gel ix bi X...?
 * In order to X.......Av Xer...
 * So that we would understand.......Av van yat testu...
 * Therefore,.......Av hus,...
 * As a result,.......Gel ix,...
 * As a consequence,.......Gel jos,...
 * As a result of X....Gel ix bi X
 * As a consequence of X....Gel jos bi X
 * I don't understand why.......At voy teste hosav van...
 * This is due to the fact that.......His se ux bi van...
 * Given that.......Twa van...
 * The child died for lack of X.....Ha tud toja bi oys bi X.
 * This happened by illegal means.....His kyesa bey odovyaba zeyeni.
 * Tell me why you did it.....Duhosav et xa has.
 * So, leave!....Av hus, ipu!
 * I think, therefore I am.....At texe, av hus, at ese.

Correspondence Greetings

 * Dear Sir....Hey Dwut
 * Dear Madam....Hey Duyt
 * Dear beloved.......Hey ifwa...
 * To Whom it May Concern:....Hey Hyet:
 * Yours truly, X....Hoy, X...

= Euphemisms =
 * Mirad sometimes offers polite ways to express certain things that might sound too direct or rude in normal conversation. Here are some examples:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;"

!POLITE !DIRECT
 * +Euphemisms
 * ujpon....final rest
 * toj ....death
 * ujponxelam....final rest ceremony house
 * tojxelam....mortuary
 * ujpondin....final rest story
 * tojdin....obituary, death notice
 * eftim....necessity room
 * fyusulsom....toilet (waste appliance)
 * pontim....rest room
 * fyusulsom....toilet
 * twoobgon....male part
 * tiyub....penis
 * ogoblawa....uncut, uncircumcized
 * otiyugoblawa....un-penis-cut
 * xer sag a....to do a number one
 * tiyabiler....to pee (lit: bladder-fluid-do)
 * xer sag e....to do a number two
 * tikyeler....to defecate, sh-t (lit: anus-fluid-do)
 * milxer....to urinate, to pee, lit. to make water
 * tiyabiler....to urinate (lit: bladder-fluid-do)
 * }
 * xer sag a....to do a number one
 * tiyabiler....to pee (lit: bladder-fluid-do)
 * xer sag e....to do a number two
 * tikyeler....to defecate, sh-t (lit: anus-fluid-do)
 * milxer....to urinate, to pee, lit. to make water
 * tiyabiler....to urinate (lit: bladder-fluid-do)
 * }
 * milxer....to urinate, to pee, lit. to make water
 * tiyabiler....to urinate (lit: bladder-fluid-do)
 * }