Megauniversity/Tobacco control

In this book we introduce the Tobacco control chosen from three different countries around the world. The countries include China, Northern Ireland, and Finland. We mainly focus on the restriction of smoking and health warning against cigarette. We hope you will edit our cases and add some more Tobbaco control in the other countries later.

Introduction
Smoking in the People's Republic of China is prevalent, as China is the world's largest consumer and producer of tobacco: there are 350 million Chinese smokers, and China produces 42% of the world's cigarettes. The China National Tobacco Corporation is by sales the largest single manufacturer of tobacco products in the world and boasts a virtual monopoly in Mainland China.

History

 * China Should Ban Smoking in Public Places, Official Says - November 22, 1987
 * Health Risks From Smoking More Widespread, Report Says - May 28, 2004
 * Anti-smoking laws reduce heart attacks, report finds - October 16, 2009
 * China's 300 million smokers face smoking ban in indoor...- March 24, 2011

Half die of smoking
Smoking, which is linked to the deaths of at least 1 million people in China every year, is one of the greatest health threats the country faces, government statistics show. Nearly 30 percent of adults in China smoke, about 300 million people – a number roughly equal to the entire U.S. population.

Restrictions on Smoking
The older regulations listed venues such as movie theaters, concert halls, libraries and shopping malls in which smoking was prohibited. The new list adds hotels, restaurants, cafes, bars, hair and beauty salons and other places.

New regulation to ban smoking in enclosed public places
The new regulation will come into effect on 1 May in public places including buses, restaurants and bars. Shanghai imposed similar rules a year ago, but people do not seem to take much notice of them. People commonly light up in hospital waiting rooms, video game arcades and even on domestic flights, despite set of regulations from 1991 that prohibit smoking in such places.

Introduction
Anti-tobacco laws are being tightened in what anti-smoking campaigners have called a war on the cigarette industry. In 1995, 29 % of working age men and 19 % of women smoked daily. The smoking prevalence has diminished rapidly during the last few years. Also the per capita consumption of tobacco products has declined since 1991. However, daily smoking among young people, although also declined during the last few years, was in 1994 as frequent as 25 % among 15 year old boys and 19 % among girls.

History
Smoking in Finland was first restricted in 1976 with a ban on tobacco advertising. About 20% of Finns smoke. The Government of Finland plans to completely abolish smoking by 2040. A smoking ban for all public places is already enacted, and extends to outdoor concerts and immediate areas around schools and day-care centres, and many Finnish landlords insist on non-smoking rental agreements.

Die of Smoking
The use of tobacco products causes annually about 5,100 premature deaths in Finland. The number has decreased in the last few years because smoking has decreased. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health estimates that involuntary smoking causes 50-60 lung cancer deaths and a few hundred cardiovascular deaths annually.

Restriction on smoking
The 2007 smoking ban for bars and restaurants imposed all bars, cafes and restaurants larger than 50 square meters with a proper ventilation system can, during a two-year transition period, set up special smoking sections covering half the size of premises. No customers are allowed to eat or drink in the special booths. However, this strict regulation was not accepted from the owners, because they cannot expect to pay well by setting a separate smoking space inside. As a result, most restaurant owners adopted a policy to place ashtrays on a table of outdoor section.

Introduction
An implementation of a workplace smoking ban in the Republic of Irelands entered intoa crucial step in protecting the health of those who work in the hospitality industry and the general public. The great majority of people in Northern Ireland finds cigarette smoke unpleasant and irritating and the majority of smokers and non-smokers alike would prefer public places to be smoke-free. All have a right to be free from tobacco smoke pollution.

History
Smoking in workplaces in Ireland was banned on 29 March 2004, making Ireland the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces. On 18 July 2008, Irish Fine Gael MEP Avril Doyle proposed in a committee in the European Parliament, that she would like to see an EU-wide ban on cigarettes and cigars by 2025. On 1 July 2009, Ireland banned in-store tobacco advertising and displays of tobacco products at retail outlets and new controls on tobacco vending machines (limiting them to being token-operated in registered bars and clubs only) were also introduced. Tobacco advertising had already been banned from radio, television and on billboards beforehand.

Die of smoking
Up to 13,5000 children in Northern Ireland are at risk of passive smoking as a passenger in cars. Smoking just one cigarette in a car can put their air quality into the ‘unhealthy’ category, according to a study by the Royal College of Physicians. Second hand smoke can cause lifelong health problems for children Studies have also shown that cracking open a window is not enough to eradicate the risk to child passengers. Opponents of an outright ban accuse Nanny-state Britain of interfering too far into people’s private lives and freedom.

Restriction on smoking
From 29 March 2004, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans - and within a three metre radius to the entrances of these locations. A private residence is considered a workplace when trades people, such as plumbers or electricians, are working there. €3,000 is the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time for violators.