Medical Informatics

The purpose of this work is to survey computer usage in the health sciences.

With contributions from:
 * 1) Kevin C. O'Kane

/Introduction/

Pioneering Work

 * 1) /MUMPS/ - Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming Language (R. Greenes and N. Pappalardo)
 * 2) /COSTAR/ - Computer Stored Ambulatory Record - Costar (O. Barnett)
 * 3) /University of Missouri - Columbia System (D.A. Lindberg)/
 * 4) /Technicon/ Lockheed/Technicon System
 * 5) /PROMIS/ University of Vermont PROMIS System (L. L. Weed)
 * 6) /Texas Institute for Research and Rehabilitation Information System/ (C. Valbonna & W. Spencer)
 * 7) /LDS Hospital System/ (H. Warner, et al)
 * 8) /Kaiser-Permanente/ System (M. Collen)
 * 9) /VISTA/ - Veterans Administration (DCHP)
 * 10) /Johns Hopkins Oncology/ Clinical Information System and Tedium (B. Blum)
 * 11) /Dietary Systems/

Computer Based Medical Records Systems

 * 1) /Overview of Computer Based Medical Records/
 * 2) /Case Studies of Computer Based Medical Records/

Economics of Health Care Delivery

 * 1) /Societal Factors/
 * 2) /Rising Tide of Clinical Data and Reporting Requirements/

Impact of New Technologies

 * 1) /The Structure of the Patient Encounter with the Health Care System/
 * 2) /Confidentiality and Data Security/
 * 3) /Medical Linkage, Patient Tracking and Scheduling/
 * 4) /Pharmacy Systems/
 * 5) /Utilization Review and Quality Assurance/

Clinical Decision Support Systems

 * 1) /Clinical Decision Support Overview/
 * 2) /Expert Systems/
 * 3) /MYCIN/ (E. Shortliffe)
 * 4) EMYCIN
 * 5) /Internist/ (Pople & Myers)
 * 6) Caduceus
 * 7) /QMR/ - Quick Medical Reference
 * 8) /CASNET/ Causal ASsociational NETworks (Kulikowski and Weiss)
 * 9) CASNET/Glaucoma
 * 10) /PIP/ Present Illness Program (Gorry and Parker)
 * 11) /ABEL/ Acid-Base and ELectrolyte program
 * 12) /ONCOCIN/ Oncology protocol management
 * 13) /MDX/ (Chandrasekaran and Mittal)
 * 14) /DXPlain/ (MGH Laboratory for Computer Science)
 * 15) /Probability Based Diagnostic Systems/
 * 16) /Bayesian Systems/
 * 17) /Reasoning Foundations of Medical Diagnosis/ (Ledley and Lusted)
 * 18) /Arden Syntax/

Systems of Nomenclature

 * 1) /International Classification of Diseases 9 - Clinical Modification (ICD)/
 * 2) /International Classification of Diseases 10/
 * 3) /Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations (SNDO)/
 * 4) /Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP)/
 * 5) /Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - (DSM)/
 * 6) /Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED)/
 * 7) /Current Medical Terminology (CMT)/
 * 8) /Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)/
 * 9) /NLM Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)/
 * 10) /Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC)/
 * 11) /Diagnostic Related Groups/
 * 12) /HL7/
 * 13) /HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability Act/
 * 14) /National Drug Codes/
 * 15) /Read Codes/

Other Topics

 * 1) /Automated Interviewing and Multiphasic Screening/
 * 2) /Bioinformatics/
 * 3) /Screening/ - Disease Detection and Treatment
 * 4) /Computer Aided Instruction/
 * 5) /Computed Tomography and Image Processing/
 * 6) /Online Resources/
 * 7) /Communication Networks/
 * 8) /Patient Monitoring/
 * 9) /Pharmaceutical Research Support Systems/
 * 10) /Ethics and Privacy/
 * 11) /Standards/