Lower Sorbian/Grammar/1st conjugation


 * verbs with infinitives ending with -sć and -c
 * verbs with infinitives ending with -nuś
 * 1-sylable verbs ending with -ś
 * all verbs ending with -owaś
 * 'some polysylabic verbs ending with -eś ; some polysylabic verbs ending with -aś

Imperative
2. 3. sg. piš!ø, njas!ø[2]

Other forms

 * Past active participle:  pisał; njasł
 * Infinitive: pisaś; njasć
 * Supine: pisat; njast
 * Present active participle: pisajucy (pišucy); njasecy [3]
 * Past passive participle: pisany; njasony
 * Verbal noun: pisanje; njasonje

Verbs not fitting the patterns
(1) graś `play` - in compounds a prefix is generally followed by -j-, np. wujgraś `win` (2) hyś `go`, ja du, ty źoš, wón źo, ...wóni du; imperative źi, źimy, źiśo!; imperf. źěch, źěšo; initial j- appears in compounds and the negation e.g. njejś, zajś, itp.

(3) root -jěś `take` in compounds: wześ, wezmu,etc.; in infinitive compounds -jmjeś, e.g. wobojmjeś `embrace, contain`

(4) kśěś `want` partially after 3rd conjugation: ja cu, ty coš, wóni kśě; negation: ja njok, ty njocoš, wóni njekšě; imperf. kśěch, kśěšo; aor. zekśech, zekśe; past active part. kśěł; impersonal-reflexive use: mě se co `I want`

(5) łdgaś `lie`, łdžu, łdžoš, wóni łdžu (łdgaju), imperative. ''łdžy! łdgaj!''

(6) mjasć `sweep` i wjasć `lead` - in the present stem have ablaut a:e - mjetu, mjeśoš; wjedu, wjeźoš

(7) mlaś `mill`, mjelu, mjeloš, imperative mjel, mlej!; part active part. mleł; past passive part. mlety (8) móc `can` - negation njamóc, njamógu, etc.; imperf. možach; past active part. mógł (mógał)

(9) mrěś `die`, mrěju, mrějoš; in compounds the older conjugation: wumru, wumrjoš (10) pałkaś `wash` i płakaś `weep` form 1. sg. i 3. pl. followingly: pałku, płaku, alternatively to the older pałcu, płacu

(11) -pěś `strain`, only in compounds: pśipeś `conjoin`, se napjeś `get tight`; pres.: pśipnu, pśipnjoš, resp. pśipjeju; aor. pśipjech; past active part. pśipjeł

(12) rjac `speak` - only in present tense: ''rjacom, rjacoš, wóni rjaku, imperative rjac!; other forms are formed supletively of a verb rjaknuś''

(13) rość `grow` - in imperative and past active participle without -t-: ros!, rosł (14) słaś `make the bed`, sćelu; imperf. sćelech

(15) směś `can, be allowed to`, ja směju

smjaś se `laugh`, ja se smjeju (16) staś `stay` - appears only in compounds, except from the imperative stań! `stay!`; compounds form present tense after  wuknuś, e.g. dostać, dostanu, dostanjoš

(17) źaś `say` - only in present tense, imperfect and present participle; present tense: źěju, źejoš..., imperf.: źach, źašo, present part.: źějucy

źaś `make, act` have all forms regularly: źaju, źajoš, etc.

-źěś appears only in regular compounds, e.g. woźeś `cover`