Lombard/Irregular verbs

Main irregular verbs
In addition to the auxiliary verbs, there is a small series of verbs that have many irregular forms. They are fà, andà, dà, stà, trà, savé, volé, podé, dì, dové (here written in Milanese dialect, but what is said stands for all dialects). For consultation of the conjugations, see Lombard language wikitionary:

► conjugation of "fà" ► conjugation of  "andà" ► conjugation of  "dà" ► conjugation of  "trà" ► conjugation of  "stà" ► conjugation of  "savé" ► conjugation of  "podé" ► conjugation of  "dì" ► conjugation of "dové"

It should be noted that despite their irregularities, the way for conjugating "fà", "trà", "dà", "stà" is similar.

Verbs ending in -ù and in -oeu
Two series of irregular verbs should also be noted which, however, can be considered regular with small precautions, they are:
 * Verbs ending in -ù (prodù, tradù, dedù...); they can be considered regular (except for the past participles in some dialects and obviously in the infinitive, see next paragraph) by adding an "s" i.e. they are conjugated as if their infinitive were produser, traduser, or a "c" for the formation of past participles in the dialects where this is regular (for example the Bergamasque dialect in which the past participle of prodù is producid).
 * Verbs ending in -oeu (toeu, distoeu...) can be considered regular (except for the past participles in some dialects and obviously the infinitive, see next paragraph) if you add a "v" (or a "g" depending on the dialect) i.e. they are conjugated as if their infinitive were toeuver, distoeuver. ..

Verbs ending in -egnì/-egn
The verbs with this ending, in addition to the possible irregularity in the past participle (see the following paragraphs), present a small irregularity in different dialects in the voices of the present indicative without desinence, i.e. only the 3rd singular in Western Lombard and the 3rd singular, the 1st and 3rd plural in Eastern Lombard. This irregularity consists in ending with -n instead of -gn. For example: in Milanese dialect: verb "tegnì" Present indicative: mi tegni; ti te tegnet, lù el ten, num tegnom, vialter tegnii, lor (i) tegnen.

in Bergamasque dialect: verb "tegn" Present indicative: mi tegne; ti te tegnet, lù el ten, noter am ten, voter tegnii, lor ten. then for the rules of pronunciation in Bergamasque dialect the non-doubled final "n" is not pronounced.

Irregularity due to the apophony
Another predictable irregularity is the apophony, it consists in the transformation of "o" into "oeu" in Western Lombard or "u" into "oeu" in eastern Lombard for certain verb forms. Only the example of the verb "vorè" (usually written "volé" in standard NOL considering the "r" as a result of the rhotacism of the "l") in Milanese dialect is shown here although apophony is present in many disyllabic verbs that have "o" in the infinitive (or "u" in Eastern Lombard) not linked to a consonant on the penultimate syllable (before the consonant "v", "r"/"l", "g" or "d") such as "trovà", "mojà", "drovà" etc...

There is another exact opposite apophony, specular to the previous one, that of the transformation of "oeu" into "o" in Western Lombard or "oeu" into "u" in Eastern Lombard for the verbs of the third conjugation such as "moeuver", "scoeuder ", "noeuser" and also "toeu" which, as mentioned, is conjugated as if it were "toeuver"....

The apophonies are different between western Lombard (of which a representative example is the Milanese dialect) and eastern Lombard since le conjugations of verbs in eastern Lombard are different, however their collocation is intuitive, following the example of the Milanese dialect just shown.

Verbs that are irregular only in the past participle
Many verbs are regular in all forms except the past participle. Irregularities in the past participle are more prevalent in the Milanese dialect than in the other dialects, while Eastern Lombard dialects have the least amount of irregularities in the past participles. Irregular verbs in past participles can be grouped into groups with similar irregularities, so we can observe how irregular participles present a rule in their irregularity. Listed below are some irregular verbs divided into groups. The subdivision into groups based on the ending can help in understanding by analogy how a past participle of a verb not listed in the tables below can be made.

Ending in -ader
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -ader → -as ( - )

Ending in -arger
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -arger → -ars ( - )

Ending in -parì / -parè
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -arì /arè→ -ars ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -$arì con $ ≠ p
They are regular.

Disyllabic
Without a precise rule.

Plurisyllabic
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -eder → -ess ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -esger, -eger, -ensger o -iger
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: Regola frequente : -eger / -enger / -iger → -et ( - ) often in addiction to regolar form, only rarely regular Attention: Not even in Milanese dialect these verbs always have irregular forms; for example lensger → lensgiud (but not let)

Ending in -ender
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: Frequent rule: -ender → -es ( - ) sometimes in addiction to regular forms, pnore rarely only regolar

Ending in -erger o erder
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -erder / erger → -ers ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -e$$ì con $ consonante
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -e$$ì → -e$$ud ( - ) sometimes in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -meter
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -eter → -iss ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -neter
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -eter → -ess ( - )

Ending in -ider
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -ider → -is ( - ) sometimes in addictoin to regular forms

Ending in -inder
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -inder → -iss ( - ) with some exception

Ending in -$inger -$inguer -$enger con $ ≠ r
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -inger /inguer/enger → -int ( - ) with some exceptions

Ending in -rimer
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -imer → -ess ( - )

Ending in -dimer
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -imer → -ent ( - )

Ending in -ister
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -ister → -istid ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -oder
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -oder → -os ( - )

Ending in -olver
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -olver → -olt ( - )

Ending in -fonder
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -onder → -us ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -$onder con $ ≠ f
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -onder → -ost ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -order o -orer
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -order/-orer → -ors ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -oeu / -oeujer
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -oeu / oeuj → -olt ( - )

Ending in -oeuder o -oeuver
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -oeuder /oeuver → -oss ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -ofrì
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -ofrì → -ofert ( - ) sometimes in addiction to regular forms in disuse General rule : -ofrì → -oferid ( - )

Ending in -oprì
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -oprì → -opert ( - ) sometimes in addiction to regular forms in disuse

Ending in -omper
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -omper → -ot ( - ) General rule : -omper → -ot ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -onger
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -onger → -ont ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -onner
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -onner → -ost ( - )

Ending in -orger
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -orger → -ort ( - ) in addiction to regular forms

Ending in -orì
Almost all regular with some exceptions (see table below)

Ending in -ù
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -ù → -ot ( - )

Ending in -uder
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -uder → -us ( - )

Ending in -ulger
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -ulger → -ult ( - )

Ending in -umer
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -umer → -ont ( - )

Ending in -uger
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -uger → -ut ( - )

Ending in -uter
They are regular in these dialects: They are irregular in these dialects: General rule : -uter → -us ( - )

Defective verbs that have only the past participle
There are some verbs in Lombardy that exist only in the form of Past participle, most of them have been introduced only in the Dialects more italianized, especially Milanese, under the thrust of the Italian language. Therefore, it is possible to construct only the compound tenses of these verbs, while in the simple tenses it is necessary to use other verbs.

Defective verbs that do not have the past participle
Some verbs are defective due to the lack of the past participle, which is replaced by the past participle of other verbs.