Latin/Lesson 1-Revision


 * 1st declension: genitive ends in -ae, nominative usually ends in -a
 * 2nd declension: genitive ends in -i, nominative usually ends in -us for masculine and -um for neut.
 * 3rd declension: genitive ends in -is, nominative varies
 * 4th declension: genitive ends in -us, nominative usually ends in -us for m/f and -u for neut.
 * 5th declension: genitive ends in -ei, nominative usually ends in -es

Notice that almost all 1st declension nouns are feminine. A mnemonic device for the common masculine ones is PAIN -- poeta (poet), agricola (farmer), incola (inhabitant), and nauta (sailor). Almost all 2nd declension nouns are either masculine or neuter.

Notice that in all cases, the accusative of neuter nouns is the same as the nominative.

1st Declension

2nd

masculine

-us  -i -i   -orum -o   -is -um  -os -o   -is

neuter

-um  -a -i   -orum -o   -is -um  -a -o   -is

3rd

m/f

-?   -es -is  -um -i   -ibus -em  -es -e   -ibus

neut.

-?   -a -is  -um -i   -ibus -?   -a -e   -ibus

4th

m/f

-us -us -us -uum -ui -ibus -um -us -u  -ibus

neut. -u  -ua -us -uum -u  -ibus -u  -ua -u  -ibus

5th -es -es -ei -erum -ei -ebus -em -es -e  -ebus

A mnemonic device for the common irregular imperatives is the rhyme: dic, duc, fac, fer: there ought to be an "e", but it isn't there. dicite, ducite, facite, ferte.

1st conjugation: amo, amare, amavi, amatus

2nd conjugation: moneo, monere, monui, monitus

3rd conjugation: ago, agere, egi, actus

3rd -io       : capio, capere, cepi, captus

4th conjugation: sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus

Indicative Active Present