Japanese/Grammar/Sentence ending particles

The sentence ending particles (終助詞, しゅうじょし) are placed, unsurprisingly, at the end of sentences and apply to it as a whole. These include for example the question marker, か, and a host of others that express the speaker's emotions. Used mostly in speech.

か [ka] (interrogative)
Question mark, used to indicate the sentence is a question. Note that か replaces だ instead of appearing after it, so you can either omit the copula at all, or use a full form (で ある).

The particle may also follow question pronouns with the meaning of some as in someone:

の [no] (emphatic interrogative)
An emphatic question mark (mostly expresses reconfirmation or surprise):

An explanation particle, often indicates that the statement is intended to explain something or to provide information:

ね [ne] (emphasis and confirmation)
Polite and expresses Often translated as "isn't it so", "don't you think so" or "don't you agree with me". Also used as a polite or friendly sentence ending. Some people end virtually every sentence with "ね". Also works as "phrase softener", i.e., it makes the phrase sound softer. Lengthening the syllable makes it more emphatic. The lengthening is usually indicated with a tilde:
 * the speaker's desire to receive confirmation (rising intonation), or
 * the speaker's agreement (falling intonation).

よ [yo] (modality)
Used when providing new information that a speaker has, or like an exclamation mark, also for commands and invitations:

ぞ [zo] (emphasis)
Similar to よ but more objective. Often used as a shout, a call and a yell (not limited to male speakers).

な [na] (admiration)
Informal, used when expressing a personal emotion or desire.

(A few speakers tend to prefer using "な" instead of "ね" but deprecated)

な [na] (prohibition)
な can indicate prohibition when placed after action-verbs(present tense). In direct speech, this sounds rude and angry.

かな [kana] (uncertainty)
Indicate that speaker is not sure about something.

ぜ [ze] (inducement)
Sometimes seen as catchphrases, but rather old-fashioned, thus used only in a sportive talking. Also sometimes used as a vulgar よ.

わ [wa] (modality)
Declares a personal thought. Almost similar to よ but expresses fewer attention:

さ [sa] (interjection, emphasis)
Filler particle, used to draw attention with a pause (unlike よ, not implying any command or new information is communicated):