IB/Group 5/Mathematics/Higher/Glossary of terminology

Definition

Example

Addition principle (OR rule)
By the addition principle, the number of ways of getting an even number on the first die or a multiple of three on the second die is 3 + 2.

Combination
There are 56 ways of choosing three people from a group of eight.

Exclusion principle
If out of 712 possible committees 16 involve both Thaïs and Gomer, by the exclusion principle 696 do not involve both Thaïs and Gomer.

Permutation
There are 24 possible permutations of the letters in the word CARS.

Product principle (AND rule)
By the product principle, the number of ways of getting an even number on the first die and a multiple of three on the second die is $$3 \times 2$$.