Hebrew/Basic/6

 Basic Lesson 6 &mdash;

Welcome to the sixth basic lesson of Hebrew! In this lesson we're going to learn the demonstrative and possessive pronouns, as well as basic syntax.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Look at the following examples.

The words highlighted are the demonstrative pronouns. In English the demonstrative pronouns are “this”, “that”, “these” and “those”.

Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Hebrew:

Notes
 * The in  is not pronounced.

Usually, Hebrew makes no distinction between “this” and “that”.

In English, when we want to demonstrate something, we add the demonstrative pronoun before it: “this house”, “that thing”, “I want these shoes”.

In Hebrew, when there are demonstrations such as these, the pronoun is after the demonstrated object and both are definite.

Too much information? Let's look at the examples.

Examples
 * This street. The word for “street” is, masculine, singular. We find the corresponding pronoun and add it after the . Then, we add the definite article to both.


 * Those houses. The word for “houses” is, masculine, plural (it is pluralized irregularly; the singular form is ).

As for the other positions, we'll get to these in the third section of this lesson.

Possessive Pronouns
Here are some more examples.

The words highlighted are the possessive pronouns. In English the possessive pronouns are “my”, “your”, “his”, “her”, “its”, “our” and “their”.

Here are the possessive pronouns in Hebrew:

Notes
 * The plural feminine pronouns ( and ) are quickly falling out of use, particularly by young people, replaced by the masculine pronouns. When talking to/about a mixed group of people from both genders use and.

In English, when we want to indicate that something belongs to someone, we add the correct possessive pronoun before it: “my house”, “his place”, “it's our world”.

In Hebrew, we put that possessive pronoun after the object, and add the definite article only to the object.

Let's look at the examples for clarification.

Examples
 * Your (m s.) house. The correct equivalent possessive pronoun is . We put it after the word for “house” and add the definite article.


 * Their (f) cities. The word for “cities” is (despite its plural form, it is feminine. The singular is ).

Grammar: Syntax
Hebrew lacks the verb “to be” in the present tense. This includes its forms “am”, “are” and “is”.


 * The boy is playing.
 * I am bored.
 * They are pretty.
 * This is a book.

It does, however, have alternatives:

If what the object it is a noun, the verb “to be” is replaced by the personal pronoun in the 3rd person. This is not true for pronouns.

If what the object it is an adjective, the verb “to be” is omitted and the definite article is added to the object.

Examples
 * Jerusalem is a city. No indefinite articles in Hebrew ( a ) as well as the verb “to be” in the present tense. “City” is a noun. “Jerusalem” is feminine, singular &mdash;.


 * The house is good. No verb “to be” in the present tense. “Good” is an adjective.


 * That is a street. No indefinite articles in Hebrew ( a ) as well as the verb “to be” in the present tense. “Street” is a noun, however, “that” is a pronoun.

Vocabulary
Transliterate and translate the following Hebrew expressions to English:

Summary
In this lesson, you have learned: Practice what you've learned in the exercises.
 * How to demonstrate something.
 * How to say something belongs to someone.
 * How to substitute the verb “to be”.

Next lesson: Basic 7 >>>