Fundamental Specifications for Steel Construction/Compression

Flexural Buckling

 * $$P_n = F_nA_e$$

For $$F_y/F_e \le 2.25$$
 * $$F_n = (0.658$$($F_y/F_e$))$$F_y$$

For $$F_y/F_e > 2.25$$
 * $$F_n = 0.877F_e$$

Sections Not Subject to Torsional or Torsional-Flexural Buckling

 * $$F_e$$ = π2E/(KL/r)2

Definitions

 * $$F_cr$$ = flexural buckling stress (ksi, MPa)
 * $$F_e$$ = elastick buckling stress (ksi, MPa)
 * $$F_y$$ = specified minimum yield stress (ksi, MPa)
 * $$F_u$$ = specified minimum tensile strength (ksi, MPa)
 * $$A_g$$ = gross area of cross section (in2, mm2)
 * $$A_e$$ = effective net area of cross section, as reduced for holes and/or local buckling effects (in2, mm2)