Foundations and Assessment of Education/Edition 1/Foundations Table of Contents/Chapter 6/Chapter FAQ/Peer Review One

What is Technology Integration?

Technology Integration is the use of technology resources, such as computers, software applications, the Internet, cameras, etc., in daily classroom practices. Technology must be routine and apparent for integration in the classroom to be achieved. Using TECHNOLOGY as A RESOURCE IN THE CLASSROOM helps the student to blend their learning techniques (Bledsoe, 2008). When integration is used, students seem to more actively engage themselves in the learning process. Technology Integration in the classroom requires reshaping, redesigning, and re-visioning traditional teaching and learning relationships (Georgina and Olson, 2008). What are some types of technology integration? Along with computers and software programs, there are several different ways that teachers integrate technology into the classroom. Below are a few examples along with a description of each.

Podcast: a program, as of music or talk, made available in digital format over the Internet (Merriam Webster, 2009).

PowerPoint Presentation or Slideshow: a display of a series of chosen words and/or pictures done for artistic or instructional purposes (Merriam Webster, 2009).

IPOD: a pocket size device used to play music files (Merriam Webster, 2009).

Instant Messaging: a means or system for transmitting electronic messages instantly (Merriam Webster, 2009).

Webcam: a camera used in transmitting live images over the World Wide Web (Merriam Webster, 2009).

To learn more about technology integration, visit the following links:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_4/Content_Articles/4.1.1

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_4/Content_Articles/4.1.2

Magnet Schools and Charter Schools
What is a magnet school and what does it offer?

A magnet school is part of the public school system and exists outside of zoned school boundaries. Instead of attending the school they are closest to, students may choose to attend a magnet school. Magnet schools attract students because they generally have something special to offer over a regular school, which makes attending them an attractive choice to many students. Most magnet schools concentrate on a particular area of study, and offer an alternative mode of instruction (Rossell, 2005).

What is a charter school and what does it offer?

A charter school is a publicly funded school that has been granted a charter (WHAT IS A CHARTER?) exempting it from selected state or local rules and regulations. It is a new, innovative public school that is accountable for student results. It delivers programs for educational excellence and the needs of the community. A school's charter is reviewed every three to five years and can be revoked if certain guidelines are not met (National Education Association, 2009).

To learn more about magnet schools and charter schools, visit the following links:

http://www.ed.gov/parents/schools/choice/definitions.html

http://www.divinecaroline.com/article/22119/40108-charter-magnet-schools-

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_4/Content_Articles/4.2.1

Vouchers
What is a voucher?

A voucher is a coupon that is issued by the government to a parent or guardian to be used to fund a child's education in either a public or private school (Merriam Webster, 2009). With a voucher, parents can pay for the education of their child at the school of their choice, rather than the public school to which they are assigned. (WHY DOES THE GOVERNMENT ISSUE VOUCHERS AND TO WHOM?)

Why is there controversy SURROUNDING vouchers?

Vouchers are a subject of heated controversy because there are many variables to be considered. The main question that arises is who should receive school vouchers? Should specific groups be targeted, or is every child eligible?

What are the supporting arguments for vouchers?

Supporters of school vouchers believe that parents should be given the right to choose the best educational environment for their children. ADVOCATES argue that vouchers would give all parents, REGARDLESS OF THEIR SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, the opportunity for their child to receive a better education (Costrell, 2009). By making the educational system a free-market enterprise, the public educational system would then be forced to provide a higher level of education to compete with other schools. Supporters also state that school vouchers would bring more diversity and equality into the schools (WHY WOULD THERE BE MORE DIVERSITY?) (Bolick, 2008). What are the opposing arguments for vouchers? ONE CENTRAL argument AGAINST vouchers is that they violate the first AMENDMENT, SPECIFICALLY the separation of church and state. PRIVATE SCHOOLS ARE PREDOMINATELY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, WHICH MAKES ANY GOVERNMENT FUNDING TO THESE SCHOOLS A VIOLATION OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT. (Bolick, 2008). Opponents also argue that there is no need for school vouchers because public schools are generally on equal footing with private schools. When completing the same coursework, opponents say that students perform equally in both institutions. Because of this, they argue that there is no need for the public to send any child to a private school. Another argument is that the voucher program will drain money from the schools that need it most, and public schools may become DUMPING SCHOOLS for the difficult to educate (THAT SOUNDS AWKWARD. IS THERE A BETTER WAY TO GET YOUR POINT ACROSS THAN CALLING STUDENTS DIFFICULT TO EDUCATE? DIFFICULT TO HANDLE MAYBE?) (Costrell, 2009).

To learn more about vouchers, visit the following links:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_4/Content_Articles/4.3.1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_voucher

http://www.edweek.org/rc/issues/vouchers/

Homeschooling
What is homeschooling?

Homeschooling IS TO teach (ONE'S children) at HOME (Merriam Webster, 2009), and also means to be taught in a particular culture. With homeschooling, the parent is the teacher and along with academics, they can teach certain philosophies to their children that they believe are valuable.

What is the GOVERNMENT'S role in homeschooling?

Virginia state law requires that a homeschooling parent meet at least one of four specific requirements. Virginia Code 22.1-254.1 outlines these four requirements: The teaching parent holds a high school diploma. The teaching parent meets the qualifications for a teacher prescribed by the Board of Education. The teaching parent provides a program of study or curriculum which may be delivered through a correspondence course or distance learning program or in any other manner. The teaching parent provides evidence that the parent is able to provide an adequate education for the child (The Virginia Department of Education, 2008).

What are the pros of homeschooling?

Homeschooling is valued by many parents for a variety of reasons. Parents are able to teach their children academic material as well as values, beliefs and philosophies. Children can also be taught at their own pace, and can sometimes accomplish more in a few hours than what a regular classroom can accomplish in one week. Homeschooling provides the child with educational, emotional and physical freedom (Shaw, 2009).

What are the cons of homeschooling?

Homeschooling is not for everyone. There MAYBE time restraints on the family, as learning outside of a school environment can consume valuable time. There may also be financial restraints, as there is often at least one unemployed parent with the time and ability to homeschool. There are limited sports and other extracurricular activities for the child to participate in, and a homeschooling family must be willing to LIVE outside the BOX (WHY ARE EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IMPORT? MAYBE PUT IN A COMMENT ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION OF THE CHILD? ALSO NO COMMENT ABOUT THE PREDOMINATELY RELIGIOUS CONNOTATIONS OF HOMESCHOOLING) (Shaw, 2009).

To learn more about homeschooling, visit the following links:

http://school.familyeducation.com/home-schooling/parenting/29861.html

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_4/Content_Articles/4.4.1

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
What is the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)?

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was signed into law in January 2002 by President Bush. It is a federal law to improve education for all children. This law challenges states and school districts to improve the academic achievement of public schools considered to be at risk for failure (US Department of Education, 2009).

What are the standards of the NCLB?

There are four main standards, or pillars, of the No Child Left Behind Act. They are: stronger accountability for results, more freedom for states and communities (IN WHAT WAY DO SCHOOLS GET MORE FREEDOM? THE NEXT PARAGRAPH SAYS THAT THERE IS TOO MUCH FEDERAL CONTROL?), proven education methods, and more choices for parents (US Department of Education, 2009).

Why is there controversy behind the NCLB?

There are teachers, schools, and educational organizations that believe the No Child Left Behind Act is flawed and ineffective. (WHY IS IT INEFFECTIVE?) Money concerns are a main factor, as adequate funding to support this law is essential. Another issue leading to this controversy is the fact that some teachers feel the need to sacrifice one subject for another under the NCLB testing requirements. (TEACHING TO THE TEST, INSTEAD OF TEACHING FOR STUDENTS TO LEARN) Too much federal control is a concern, as well as some necessary changes that need to be implemented to the law (WHAT ARE SOME OF THOSE CHANGES THAT NEED TO BE MADE?) (HOW to FIX, 2007). To learn more about the No Chid Left Behind Act, visit the following links:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_4/Content_Articles/4.5.1

http://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1625192-4,00.html

Multiple Choice Questions
1.	WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A FORM OF technology integration in the classroom?

A)	Nintendo

B)	Podcast

C)	Powerpoint

D)	Webcam

2.	WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING is not an opposing argument for vouchers?

A)	Public schools and private schools are generally on equal footing

B)	Vouchers would give all parents the opportunity for their child to receive a better education

C)	Vouchers violate the first amendment

D)	Vouchers will drain money from the schools that need it most

3.	'''Mrs. Smith wants to send her son Billy to a type of school that offers a specialized curriculum in performing arts. What type of school SHOULD she choose?'''

A)	Charter School

B)	Magnet School

C)	Private School

D)	Public School

4.'''	Mrs. ODell is concerned that under the No Child Left Behind Act, she will not be able to spend as much time on environmental education than on reading and math. What source of NCLB controversy does this fall under?''' (CONFUSING QUESTION)

A)	Money concerns

B)	Necessary Changes

C)	Sacrificing one subject for another

D)	Too much federal control

Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 1.	A 2.	B 3.	B 4.	C

Multiple Choice Questions

 * 1) What does each question assess: knowledge or reasoning (application of knowledge)?
 * 2) Question 1 knowledge
 * 3) Question 2 knowledge
 * 4) Question 3 application
 * 5) Question 4 application

Answer the following questions about the multiple-choice questions.


 * 1) Are there 4 multiple-choice questions? yes
 * 2) Do they each have four answer choices (A-D)? yes
 * 3) Is there a single correct (not opinion-based) answer for each question? yes
 * 4) Do the questions assess the learning target? yes
 * 5) Are the questions appropriate and reasonable (not too easy and not too difficult)? they are fairly easy but sufficient.
 * 6) Are the foils (the response options that are NOT the answer) reasonable i.e. they are not very obviously incorrect answers? yes
 * 7) Are the response options listed in alphabetical order? yes
 * 8) Are correct answers provided and listed BELOW all the questions? yes

Please make a comment about the multiple-choice questions. If you answered "No" to any of the questions above, please explain how the author can improve the question/s.

Comment:

The application questions seem very straight forward. You could try to make them a little more challenging.

Part 2 - Ratings
LIST and EXPLAIN your rating for each of the four criteria.

 Importance:
 * I rated this article 4 for importance because there was discussion on the topics presented but only a few of those topics were fully explained. Some of the key explanations were lacking like says in the NCLB section that the gov't has too much control, but then not explaining how.

Interest:
 * I rated this article 4 on interest because again there were some good points that were explained but not all as throughly as they could be. Also the picture and side bar are nice except they are both at the beginning. By the time the reader gets to the middle of the article there are just large blocks of text. Maybe you could spread out the side bar and picture, or put some of your links into a side bar to make it more visually stimulating.

Credibility:
 * I rated this article 5 for credibility because many diverse and recent credible sources. Due to the nature of the article not really any opinion necessary (FAQ).

Writing skill:
 * I rated this article 3 on writing because not to be offensive, but the article was very dry. The tone is very matter of fact, and does not capture the readers attention. Even in the "controversy" sections the article did not really play up the "dramatic" issues. Some of the information brought up is not really explained, just stated. Some of the sentence structure was very repetitive and at times hard to follow. (Example: The supports say..., Supporters ....)



HIGHLIGHT SPECIFIC POINTS IN THE RUBRIC that apply to the article. To do this: Highlight sections with the cursor and use the BOLD icon above OR type ''' (3 apostrophes) before and after the text you want to make bold

Part 3 - "2+2"
List TWO compliments and TWO suggestions about the article content
 * Hints:
 * Focus on the work, not the person
 * Describe "There is...", "I see.." rather than judge "You didn't..."

Compliments  . Very well researched article, loads of great sources. . Well formatted article. The lay out makes it easier to follow, and lets read know exactly where to look for particular information.

 Suggestions  . Explain more of the information. Many of the sections may general overview statements without much explanation. For a person not familiar with this topic matter, it maybe hard to follow without more explanation. . Put the added links at the bottom of each section into sidebars to help break up the chunks of information and added visual appeal to the article for more interest. 

You can make compliments and suggestions that relate to specific areas of the paper or to the paper in general. I suggest a mixture of both. Focus on what's most important. Of course, you can also include more than two suggestions and more than two compliments. The goal is to help the author improve his/her article.