Flora of New York/Clade ferns

{{:Flora of New York/txt
 * Class Polypodiopsida contains the ferns, including the eusporangiate ferns (horsetails, scouring rushes, moonworts, and grape ferns) and the leptosporangiate ferns of subclass Polypodiidae.

Cladogram of ferns showing outgroups and the four subclasses down to orders:

{{Barlabel|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100% |label1=lycophytes |1={{cladex |label1=Lycopodiopsida |1={{cladex |1=Lycopodiales |2={{cladex |1=Isoetales |2=Selaginellales }}        }}      }}   |label2=euphyllophytes |2={{cladex |label1=Polypodiopsida (ferns) |1={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Equisetidae&emsp; |1=Equisetales|barbegin1=#baa }}        |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Ophioglossidae&emsp; |1={{cladex |1=Psilotales|bar1=#baa |2=Ophioglossales|bar2=#baa }}                 }}               |2={{cladex |label1=Marattiidae&emsp; |1=Marattiales|barend1=#caa |label2=Polypodiidae&emsp; |2={{cladex |1=Osmundales|barbegin1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Hymenophyllales|bar1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Gleicheniales|bar1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Schizaeales|bar1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Salviniales|bar1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Cyatheales|bar1=#aba |2=Polypodiales|barend2=#aba }}                                   }}                                 }}                              }}                           }}                        }}                     }}                  }}               }}            |label2=spermatophytes |2={{cladex |1=gymnosperms ↓ |2=angiosperms ↓↓ }}           }}         }}      }}   }}
 * size=13
 * at1=3|label1=eusporangiate ferns|bar1=#baa
 * at2=8|label2=leptosporangiate ferns|bar2=#aba
 * cladogram={{cladex
 * label1=tracheoophytes
 * 1={{cladex

A more detailed cladogram of New York State ferns down to subgenera or single species:

{{Barlabel|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100% |label1=ferns |1={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetum |1={{cladex |1=subg. Equisetum (6 horse tails)|barbegin1=#baa |2=subg. Hippochaete (7 scouring rushes)|bar2=#baa }}              }}            |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |1=Psilotales : Psilotaceae (0 whisk ferns in NY)|bar1=#baa |2={{cladex |label1=Ophioglossales : Ophioglossaceae |1={{cladex |1=Ophioglossoideae—Ophioglossum pusillum (northern adder's-tongue)&ensp;|bar1=#baa |2={{cladex |label1=Botrychioideae |1={{cladex |1=Botrypus virginianum (rattlesnake fern)|bar1=#baa |2={{cladex |1=Sceptridium (4 evergreen grapeferns)|bar1=#baa |2=Botrychium (7 moonworts, grape ferns)|bar2=#baa }}                             }}                           }}                        }}                     }}                  }}                              |2={{cladex |1=Marattiales : Marattiaceae (0 marattid ferns in NY)|barend1=#caa |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Osmundales : Osmundaceae |1={{cladex |1=Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern)|barbegin1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Claytosmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern)|bar1=#aba |2=Osmunda regalis (royal fern)|bar2=#aba }}                          }}                        }}                     |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Hymenophyllales : Hymenophyllaceae |1={{cladex |1=Hymenophylloideae (0 filmy ferns)|bar1=#aba |2=Trichomanoideae—Crepidomanes intricatum (Appalachian bristle fern)&emsp;|bar2=#aba }}                           }}                         |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Gleicheniales |1={{cladex |1=Gleicheniaceae (0 forked ferns)|bar1=#aba |2={{cladex |1=Matoniaceae (0 fan ferns)|bar1=#aba |2=Dipteridaceae (0 umbrella ferns)|bar2=#aba }}                                 }}                               }}                            |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Schizaeales |1={{cladex |1=Lygodiaceae—Lygodium palmatum (American climbing fern)|bar1=#aba |2=Schizaeaceae—Schizaea pusilla (curlygrass)|bar2=#aba }}                                 }}                               |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Salviniales |1={{cladex |1=Salviniaceae—Azolla cristata (mosquitofern)|bar1=#aba |2=Marsileaceae—Marsilea quadrifolia (water clover)|bar2=#aba }}                                    }}                                  |2={{cladex |1=Cyatheales (0)|bar1=#aba |2=Polypodiales (continued below)|barend2=#aba }}                              }}                            }}                         }}                      }}                   }}                }}             }}          }}       }}   }}
 * size=21
 * at1=4|label1=eusporangiate ferns|bar1=#baa
 * at2=15|label2=leptosporangiate ferns|bar2=#aba
 * cladogram={{cladex

Continuation of Polypodiales part of above cladogram of New York State ferns, including the six suborders employed by PPG I (2016):

{{Barlabel|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100% |1={{cladex |1=Saccolomatineae (1 genus, 0 in NY) |2=Lindsaeineae (3 families, 0 in NY) }}  |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Pteridineae : Pteridaceae |1={{cladex |1=Cryptogrammoideae—Cryptogramma stelleri (fragile rockbrake}           |2={{cladex               |1=Pteridoideae—Pteris multifida (brake fern - excluded!)               |2={{cladex                  |1={{cladex                     |label1=Cheilanthoideae                     |1={{cladex                        |1={{cladex                           |1=Pellaea atropurpurea (purple cliffbrake)                           |2=Pellaea glabella (smooth cliffbrake)                           }}                        |2=Myriopteris lanosa (hairy lip-fern) }}                    }}                  |2={{cladex |label1=Vittarioideae |1={{cladex |1=Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair fern) |2=Vittaria appalachiana (Appalachian shoestring fern) }}                    }}                  }}               }}            }}         }}      |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Dennstaedtiineae : Dennstaedtiaceae |1={{cladex |1=Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern) |2=Pteridium aquilinum (brackenfern) }}           }}         |2={{cladex |label1=Aspleniineae |1={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Cystopteridaceae |1={{cladex |1=Cystopteris (4 bladderferns) |2=Gymnocarpium dryopteris (northern oak fern) }}                 }}               |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |1=Diplaziopsidaceae—Homalosorus pycnocarpos (narrow-leaved glade fern) |2=Aspleniaceae—Asplenium (11 spleenworts) }}                 |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Thelypteridaceae |1={{cladex |1=Phegopteridoideae—Phegopteris (2 beech ferns) |2=Thelypteridoideae—Thelypteris (3 marsh ferns) }}                       }}                     |2={{cladex |1=Woodsiaceae—Woodsia (5 cliff ferns) |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Athyriaceae |1={{cladex |1=Athyrium (2 lady ferns) |2=Deparia acrostichoides (silvery spleenwort) }}                             }}                           |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Onocleaceae |1={{cladex |1=Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern) |2=Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern) }}                                }}                              |2={{cladex |label1=Blechnaceae : Woodwardioideae |1={{cladex |1=Anchistea virginica (Virginia chainfern) |2=Lorinseria areolata (netted chainfern) }}                                }}                              }}                           }}                        }}                     }}                  }}               }}            |label2=Polypodiineae |2={{cladex |1={{cladex |label1=Dryopteridaceae : Dryopteridoideae |1={{cladex |1=Dryopteris (28 woodferns) |2={{cladex |1=Polystichum (4 holly ferns) |2=Cyrtomium falcatum (netvein hollyfern - excluded) }}                    }}                  }}               |2={{cladex |label1=Polypodiaceae : Polypodioideae |1={{cladex |1=Polypodium (3 rock-cap ferns) |2=Pleopeltis polypodioides (resurrection fern excluded) }}              }}            }}         }}      }}   }} }} }} }} }}
 * cladogram={{cladex
 * label1=Polypodiales
 * 1={{cladex