Finnish/Dialogue 1

= Dialogues in Finnish =

Instructions

 * use the links: almost each word of the dialogue has been wiki-linked to a dictionary or grammar article. Click the links to go to another page. Then come back to this page using the "back" button of your browser (or alt-left arrow of the keyboard in many browsers).
 * Turn on your speakers! This page contains audio!
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= Kohtaaminen metroasemalla = (Encounter at a metro station)

Henkilöt (Cast)

 * Tiina, toimittaja, 21 vuotta
 * Markku, opiskelija, Tiinan veli, 22 v.
 * Sakari, saksan opettaja, 23 v.
 * Juha, Tiinan ja Markun isä, 49 v

The verb olla (to be)

 * Pay attention to how the verb has been used in the dialogue: "Oletko sinä...?" (are you...?), "olen" ( (I) am), "hän on" (she/he is).
 * Basic conjugation goes as follows:


 * Note that the pronoun (minä, sinä, me, te) is often omitted in a sentence because conjugation of the verb already indicates, who we are talking about. This means that when we say "olen", it goes without saying that we mean "minä olen": we are talking about "minä". When we talk about "sinä", the verb conjugates differently: "olet", and that form only corresponds the second person of singular.
 * See full Conjugation of olla
 * Use an online conjugator of Finnish verbs
 * Read more about Finnish verb conjugation

The word hei
The word "hei" can be a greeting like "hello" in English or "hej" in Swedish. Here Sakari used it to draw someone's attention to himself in order to ask a question "are you Markku?". It's a little bit like the English "hey", but there is no rude or impolite connotation in Finnish "hei". Later Tiina says "Hei!" to Sakari after they have been introduced to each others, meaning "hello" or "hi". Later, when she leaves, she says "hei hei!", that is equivalent to the phrase "bye bye!"

Cases of nouns in this dialogue

 * luokkatoverisi (classmate) is nominative. Don't be misled by the possessive suffix "-si" in the end. It only indicates "your classmate". Same with the word isosiskoni, that means "my big sister". You can use the word "minun" (my) or "sinun" (your) but you would still have to use the possessive suffix in standard Finnish, so using only the possessive suffix is very convenient. The possessive form of a word is only the headword and the suffix when the word itself ends with a vowel other than /i/.
 * saksan is genitive of saksa, German language. Note that names of languages are written without capitalization. Other genitive cases here are Tiinan ja Markun isä. Note genitive of Markku will be Markun (with one k only).
 * opettaja (teacher) is a nominative, as well as opiskelija (student) and most of the nouns used in this dialogue, apart from the phrases.

Forming questions
There is always an interrogative in the beginning of a question. It can be either an interrogative pronoun (like "kuka", "mikä", "missä", "milloin", "mistä" etc.) or if it is a yes/no question, you add the suffix "-ko" or "-kö" in the predicative of the sentence. The ending depends on the other vowels in that specific word. If there is /a/, /o/ or /u/, you should use "-ko". In other cases it is always "-kö". This is because of a phenomenon called "vowel harmony". In compound words, the ending depends on the latter part.

This means that "to eat" it is "syödä", so "Do you eat" is "Syötkö?", but as "to drink" is "juoda", "Do you drink?" is "Juotko?" You can also add these into other words, for example "Minäkö?" (Me?), "Tiekö?" (Road?) and "Yövuoroko?" (Night shift?). Basically, questions can't be formed with only raising the intonation neither do questions have to have a rising intonation, as you can hear on the recording.

1. Form an indicative sentence, like "Sinä olet Markku."

2. Replace the word you want with an appropriate interrogative word or add a suffix after it.

3. Put the word you changed in the beginning of the sentence.

Questions that can be formed using this sentence:
 * Kuka sinä olet?
 * Oletko sinä Markku?
 * Markkuko sinä olet?
 * Sinäkö olet Markku?

Questions in this dialogue (followed by the corresponding indicative sentence):
 * Oletko sinä Markku? (Sinä olet Markku.)
 * Kuka sinä olet? (Sinä olet Sakari.)
 * Mitä kuuluu? (Kuuluu hyvää.)
 * Kuka hän on? (Hän on Tiina.)
 * Missä te olette? (Te olette metroasemalla.)
 * Onko hän malli? (Hän on malli.)

Finnish names
In this story we have the following names. At first they look unique Finnish but in fact they all are Finnish derivatives of international names, usually coming from Greek, Latin, or Hebrew via Swedish, German or English.


 * Tiina <- Tina
 * Markku <- Mark, Marcus
 * Sakari <- Zachary
 * Juha <- John, Johan

Olla / To be
Fill in the sentences with correct form of the 'olla (to be) to match the given pronoun and English translation.

Click on the line to see the correct answer.

Questions
Fill in the sentences with correct words to for an interrogative sentence according to the given English translation.

Click on the line to see the correct answer.

Phrases
Fill in the sentences with correct words to match the given English translation.

Click on the line to see the correct answer.