Exercise as it relates to Disease/Is aerobic exercise the best form of training for preventing/reducing effects of type II diabetes?

Prevalence
In adults, type II diabetes mellitus (t2d) accounts for 90-95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Of these individuals, 80-90% of them are considered overweight/obese. Type II diabetes is and will continue to be a major health care burden, by the year 2030 the number of people who have this disease is estimated to more than double in compared to the 2000 statistics where there were 171 million reported cases in America. Right now this disease effects 346 million people world wide.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus Defined
The initial/early characteristic of this disease is an onset of insulin resistance in body cells. T2d is known as a progressive disorder of glucose metabolism, therefore indicating that the individual may have a decreased β-cell function which would cause less insulin secretion.

Etiology

 * Insulin resistance, genetic predisposition, obesity and physical inactivity.
 * Dysfunction in skeletal muscle and bone.
 * Genes can increase the likelihood of excessive weight gain when an individual has 1st degree family history of t2d.
 * Environmental factors and weight gain.
 * High levels of sedentary behavior are associated with increased risk of having t2d.

Effects of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

 * Inability to control metabolic pathways and blood glucose levels.
 * Increased chances of getting coronary heart disease.
 * Low cardiovascular fitness found in patients with t2d increases their risk of developing a cardiovascular disease.
 * Bone quality is reduced thanks to a decrease in osteoblast cell growth, bone fractures are higher in individuals with t2d then those who have osteoperosis.

Current Rehabilitation Methods

 * Follow the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines.
 * Engage in some form of general exercise is recommended via American Diabetes Association, American College of Sports Medicine, and American Heart Association. Physical activity increases glucose transport and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.

Recommendations for Effective Exercise Rehabilitation
Ensure that all individuals complete a prescreening evaluation before they undergo any testing/physical exercise.